Local Literatures

Online education in its various modes has been growing steadily worldwide due to the
confluence of new technologies, global adoption of the Internet, and intensifying demand for a
workforce trained periodically for the ever-evolving digital economy.(S. Palvia, et. Al., 2018)
Online education is on track to become mainstream by 2025.
S. Palvia et. Al., 2018- Online Education: Worldwide Status, Challenges, Trends, and
Implications
https://doi.org/10.1080/1097198X.2018.1542262

The COVID-19 pandemic brought great disruption to all aspects of life specifically on how
classes were conducted both in an offline and online modes according to Ignacio, A. 2021. The
sudden shift to purely online method of teaching and learning was a result of the lockdowns that
were imposed by the Philippine government. While some institutions have dealt with the
situation by shutting down operations, others continued to deliver instructions and lessons using
the Internet and different applications that support online learning. The continuation of classes
online had caused several issues from students and teachers ranging from lack of technology to
mental health matters. Finally, recommendations were asserted to mitigate the presented
concerns and improve the delivery of the necessary quality education to the intended learners.
Ignacio, A., 2021-Online classes and learning in the Philippines during the Covid-19
Pandemic
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
350739843_Online_classes_and_learning_in_the_Philippines_during_the_Covid-
19_Pandemic

In an article by Reyes, J.R. et.al., it is stated that although e-learning is not new in the
Philippines, its enforced adoption nationwide as a measure to keep education going must be
studied, given the general uncertainty in student readiness. Using Rasch analysis – specifically,
the Andrich rating scale model (ARSM) for item response theory – results showed that student
readiness for e-learning is a multidimensional metric that is consistent with many claims.
Filipino students are ready in terms of computer/internet self-efficacy; however, they are not
ready in terms of learner control. The differential item functioning (DIF) analysis showed that
gender significantly differentiates e-learning readiness under learner control and self-directed
learning. Meanwhile, program classifications have significant differences in responses under
computer/internet self-efficacy and online communication self-efficacy. This paper reveals the
importance of determining student readiness for e-learning in the midst of a difficult situation – a
pandemic.
Reyes, J.R. et. Al., 2021- Assessment of Filipino Higher Education Students’ Readiness for
e-Learning During a Pandemic: A Rasch Technique Application
https://doi.org/10.56899/150.03.34

To increase student performance and learning, today's technology-driven society and academic
institutions embrace Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), leveraging learning
management systems (LMS), and adopting blended learning methodologies. (Tus, J. et. Al 2021)
Tus, J. et.al, 2021- Amidst the Online Learning Modality: The Usage of Learning
Management System (LMS) and Its Relationship to the Academic Performance of the
Filipino Students
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
356912130_Amidst_the_Online_Learning_Modality_The_Usage_of_Learning_Managemen
t_System_LMS_and_Its_Relationship_to_the_Academic_Performance_of_the_Filipino_St
udents

On an article by Legarde, 2022, it is said that they also have positive attitude towards using LMS
and agreed that using various online platforms was simple and easy for them. In addition, the
findings also suggest that faculty members have had a great experience utilizing online learning
in their classes, and they are confident that they will continue to use this Learning Management
System in the next school years and will promote it to their colleagues. Therefore, educational
institutions should pay more attention on the development of its educational and ICT
infrastructure most especially in this time of pandemic wherein web-based learning is the current
trend in our educational landscape. Furthermore, policy makers should anchor their decisions on
the findings of this study most especially on the procurement of various educational technologies
and/or ICT infrastructures in their respective educational institutions. Also, educational
administrators should develop an understanding on how various factors or variables significantly
influences their intention to use a particular learning management system.
Legarde, M.A. 2022- The Adoption of Learning Management System in Teaching and
Learning in the New Normal
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
356912130_Amidst_the_Online_Learning_Modality_The_Usage_of_Learning_Managemen
t_System_LMS_and_Its_Relationship_to_the_Academic_Performance_of_the_Filipino_St
udents
Local Studies

According to the study by Lee, C. 2023, Education Sector in the Philippines has been successful
by means of integrating of E-Learning (Online Learning) LMS with Schools, Colleges and
Universities, because of the conventional education and learning techniques with its pivoted and
conflicting scholastic schedules during the strike of the Covid-19 Pandemic worldwide last 2020-
2021.
One factor that advanced about E-Learning and virtual class development approaches are
becoming effective throughout these questionable occasions that was the appropriation of
valuable instruction and online innovations by most educational institutions and to restart and
create due changes. It is likewise totally different organizations were prospered, and the
instructive institutions received by these E-Learning devices to allow schooling through net
learning additional excited.
Christopher M. Lee, 2023- Impact of Learning Management Systems (LMS) toward
Students during the Covid-19 Pandemic
https://www.researchgate.net/deref/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trustradius.com
%2Flearning-management-lms?
_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIiwicGFnZSI6InB1Ym
xpY2F0aW9uIn19

A research by de Oliveira, 2016 states that Information Technology (IT) can be an important
component for innovation as it enables e-learning and it can provide conditions for an
organization to be able to work with new businesses and improved processes. In this regard,
Learning Management Systems (LMS) allow communication and interaction between teachers
and students in virtual spaces. However, the literature indicates that there are gaps in research,
especially concerning the use of IT for the management of e-learning.
P. C. de Oliveira, 2016 - LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (LMS) AND E-
LEARNING MANAGEMENT: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW AND RESEARCH
AGENDA
https://doi.org/10.4301/S1807-17752016000200001

On the other hand, it was noted on a research conducted by Baena, T, 2022, that focused on the
shifting to online learning modality, the unit of categories found were in relation to learning
outcomes, educational technology, teaching and learning activities, assessment procedures and
values learned while the suggestions were mostly inclined to instructional resources, professional
development of teachers, and school processes. Specifically, the respondents from different
programs involved also identified diversely which of the aspects of the online class were most
useful to them and the recommendations they have for the top management and their teachers.
Baena, T.A., 2022- Changing Winds and Shifting Sands: Trails of Accessibility and
Pedagogy
http://www.pdcnet.org),

In a research on the effectiveness of LMS in Higher Education, it is found that faculty members
and students whose level of activity in LMS is high, shows a very highly rated academic and
activity performance in the assessment.
Y. Ghilay, 2019- Effectiveness of Learning Management Systems in Higher Education:
Views of Lecturers with Different Levels of Activity in LMS
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
335339621_Effectiveness_of_Learning_Management_Systems_in_Higher_Education_View
s_of_Lecturers_with_Different_Levels_of_Activity_in_LMSs

A research by Mobo, 2020 also conducted an online survey regarding the usage of the Learning
Management System using google form and uploaded it in Microsoft Excel to tally its results and
interpretation. It only shows that there is a need to use an alternative learning module or online
learning system based on the advisory set by the CHED and also to test its effectiveness in terms
of its speed, accuracy, reliability, and security. The use of a learning management system could
help in the delivery of educational material paperless. For example, the lecture slides, power-
points, tasks, learning activities, and learning outcomes could be uploaded in the virtual
classroom.
Mobo, F.B., 2020- Implementation of Learning Management Systems amidst COVID-19
Crisis
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
340860142_Implementation_of_Learning_Management_Systems_amidst_COVID-
19_CrisIs