FOUR-WAY TRAFFIC LIGHT

CONTROLLER USING FSM

MRS.K.SHIVA PRASANNA,
N.CHANDRAMOULI, Y.SAGARIKA, S.CHARAN KUMAR
Assistant professor, student.
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Nalla Narasimha Reddy group of institutions, India

ABSTRACT:
A traffic light controller is designed to show the behavior of the traffic lights
system and also a kind of good sequential circuit. Xilinx Vivado is a tool that is
being used to Analyze heavy traffic by analyzing it through various tools such as
NEXYS-4, ARTIX -7, and FPGA Board. The approach can be successful by
allowing proper access to the areas shared through the multiple intersections and
allocating effective time between various users, on or off-peak hours.
Theoretically, the waiting times for drivers during peak hours have been reduced
further, therefore this system is better than the one which is being used at the
moment. Further improvements include the addition of other functions to the
designed circuit that suit the various upcoming traffic conditions at different
locations. Traffic is one of the biggest problems in this modern world due to this
problem so many people are suffering even ambulances are not getting out of
traffic in cities. This is our small initiation to make easy flow and control of traffic
In this review paper, the working of traffic light control signal will be explained
and the view of implementing it using VHDL code and density-based sensor will
be given the main priority to the emergency vehicles. The lane in which the
emergency vehicle immediately clears the traffic.
INTRODUCTION:
A finite state machine (FSM) is a mathematical model used to design and represent
systems with a finite number of states. It consists of a set of states, a set of input
events, a set of output events, and a state transition function. FSMs are widely used
in various applications such as digital circuit design, software engineering, control
systems, and more. They provide a clear and structured way to define the behavior
of a system and are essential in the design and analysis of sequential logic circuits.
Traffic Light Control Systems (TLCS) have been assumed to play a significant role
in traffic management all around the world, particularly in enormous urban
communities. Be that as it may, there is still no successful technique to assess their
exhibition and unwavering quality. Traffic congestion has consistently been a
conspicuous issue in numerous urban cities, notably around the world posing a real
threat to citizens, this is brought about by the lopsided planning of traffic signals or
a slack in signals. In the way, the number of road users is increasing constantly and
resources provided are limited, a traffic light controller is a significant
prerequisite. So the need emerges for simulating and enhancing traffic control
systems to be smart enough to meet this growing demand better.
LITERATURE SURVEY:

[1] INTELLIGENT TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL

SYSTEM BASED IMAGE INTENSITY MEASUREMENT by Muzhir
Shaban, Al-Ani, and Khattab Alheeti proposed an algorithm consisting of many
subsystems to increase the efficiency of the system by employing a camera and
using infrared object sensors to detect the density of the traffic. The camera is then
used to capture the image and calculate the histogram of that captured image. This
The paper asserts that the proposed algorithm can reduce the traveling time of
vehicles and lessen traffic congestion.

[2] DENSITY BASED SENSOR IN TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL SIGNAL

USING VHDL by Himani Singh Rana The traffic congestion has been a
problem
For many decades. New modifications and changes are made with the invention of
new technologies. The traffic light control system used nowadays is not adaptive,
it has a fixed time cycle that repeats according to the time attributed.

[3] FPGA-BASED INTELLIGENT TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLER

SYSTEM DESIGN presented by V. V. Dabahde, Dr. R. V. Kshirsagar aims at
abbreviating the waiting time of the vehicles and this proposed framework utilizes
FPGA innovation alongside traffic sensors to control traffic as indicated by the
traffic prerequisite and along these lines decreases the waiting time at a crossing
point of two streets. The time intervals of the green, yellow, and red states
depend on continuous traffic thickness, which enhances traffic light planning and
stays away from traffic congestion and it is an improvement upon the
proficiency of the present Traffic Light Controllers

OBJECTIVE:
The project’s overall objective is to develop a four-way traffic light controller
system to innovate a system that can avoid problems regarding traffic at
intersections using Verilog to achieve a wide range of transport and environmental
objectives in addition to the emergency vehicle delays and stops

STATE DIAGRAM:
 0- It represents the red signal
01-It represents the yellow signal
10-it represents the green signal
11-it indicates the emergency vehicle

If an emergency vehicle enters the lane and it has a red signal it senses the
emergency vehicle through the IR sensor and changes its state to green(10-
state) and the lane clears the traffic in the lane.

NS-GREEN
EW-RED

NS-RED NS-RED
EW-YELLOW EW-GREEN

NS-YELLOW
EW-RED

Figure 1: state diagram of the designed system

METHODOLOGY:
Implementing the traffic light control signals starts with a flow chart. A flow chart
is needed for representing and visualizing of traffic management system which will
be helpful in the recognition of the traffic light control system. This design gives
priority to emergency vehicles.

Clk=1
S0

NS- green =10

EW- red=00

S1

NS- red =00

EW-green=10
Reset =1
S4
S2 green for emergency
vehicle
NS-yellow=01
EW-red=00

S3

EW-yellow=01
NS-red=00

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

The proposed system is designed as an FSM using Xilinx Vivado. Simulation
synthesis, implementation, and bitstream generation were done.

A. Simulation
Figure 2 in the Verilog, the traffic light controller’s waveform through clock input
is shown below.
 Figure 2 simulated waveform of the system

B. RTL schematic

Figure 3 shows the RTL schematic of the designed system.

Figure 3 RTL schematic of the system

c. power report

Figure 4: power report of the system

CONCLUSION
The traffic light controller system is suited to regulate traffic at four-way intersections. Verilog
is used for programming purposes because if the user wishes to make any changes in the system,
As a future scope, cameras and sensors can be integrated into the designed system so that when
the traffic controller system sees more traffic or more vehicles, it can automatically divert the
traffic accordingly to ensure that there is no obstacle and the way the vehicles are clear.

REFERENCES
1) Madras Institute of Technology Anna University Chennai, Department of Electronics
Engineering, "International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management
(IJAEM)," vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 740-743, Jun. 2022. [Online]. Available: www.ijaem.net
2) D. Bhavana et al., "Traffic Light Controller Using FPGA," International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), 2015.
3) S. B. B. Shabarinath and K. Swetha Reddy, "Timing and Synchronisation for explicit
FSM based Traffic Light Controller," in IEEE 7th International Advance Computing
Conference, 2017.
4) Muzhir Shaban Al-Ani and Khattab Alheeti. Intelligent Traffic Light
Control System Based Image Intensity Measurement.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282074763
5) V. V. Dabahde, Dr. R. V. Kshirsagar. FPGA-Based Intelligent Traffic
Light Controller System Design. www.ijiset.com
6) V. K. S. Venkata, "FPGA based Traffic Light Controller," in
International Conference on Trends in Electronics (ICEI), 2017.