Computer

Systems:Introduction
This presentation will explore the fundamental components and concepts
that make up computer systems. We'll delve into the interplay between
hardware and software, explore the role of operating systems, and examine
various aspects of data storage and connectivity.

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Hardware Components
Central Processing Random Access Storage Devices Input/Output
Unit (CPU) Memory (RAM) Devices
Persistent storage for data
The brain of the computer, Temporary storage for and programs, including Enable interaction with the
executing instructions and active data and programs, hard drives and solid-state computer, such as
performing calculations. enabling fast access. drives. keyboards, mice, monitors,
and printers.

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Software Fundamentals
Programming Languages Algorithms
Software is written in programming languages like Python, Algorithms are sets of instructions that solve problems and
Java, and C++, defining the instructions for the computer. guide the execution of software tasks.

Data Structures Software Development

Data structures organize and store data efficiently, like arrays, Software development is the process of designing, coding,
linked lists, and trees. testing, and deploying software applications.
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Operating Systems
1 2 3 4

Early Batch Systems Multiprogramming Time-Sharing Systems Modern Operating

Systems
Simple, sequential execution of Multiple programs running Interactive environments
programs, limited interactivity. concurrently, improving allowing users to share Sophisticated systems with
system utilization. resources and execute multiple graphical user interfaces,
tasks simultaneously. multitasking, and advanced
features.
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Data Storage and Memory

1 2
RAM Hard Drive
Random Access Memory (RAM) is temporary, high-speed storage for Hard disk drives (HDDs) are traditional magnetic storage devices that
actively used data and programs. It's essential for fast processing, store data persistently. They are typically larger and more affordable
enabling the CPU to quickly access and manipulate information. than SSDs, but slower in access speed.

3 4
Solid-State Drive Cache Memory
Solid-state drives (SSDs) use flash memory for faster data access Cache memory is a small, ultra-fast memory component that stores
compared to HDDs. They are more compact, durable, and consume frequently accessed data for even faster retrieval, improving system
less power, but are typically more expensive. performance.
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Input/Output Devices

Keyboards Mouse
Keyboards allow users to enter Mouse are pointing devices that
text, commands, and data into the control the cursor on the screen,
computer. enabling user interaction.

Monitors Printers
Monitors display visual output, Printers produce hard copies of
providing users with information documents, graphics, and other
and feedback from the computer. content.
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Networking and Connectivity

Network Interface Card (NIC)

A physical component that allows devices to connect to a network.

Data Transmission
Data travels over network cables or wireless signals, using protocols to ensure proper delivery.

Network Protocols
Sets of rules that govern data transmission, like TCP/IP, defining how data is formatted and sent.

Network Topologies
The physical arrangement of devices and connections, like bus, star, or ring topologies.

Network Security
Measures to protect networks from unauthorized access and data breaches, like firewalls and encryption.

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Emerging Trends and Technologies

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

1 AI is transforming computer systems with machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision.

Cloud Computing
2 Cloud platforms enable scalable and on-demand computing resources, revolutionizing data storage and application
delivery.

Internet of Things (IoT)

3 Connecting devices and sensors, enabling data collection and automation, with applications in smart homes,
cities, and industries.

Quantum Computing
4 A new paradigm of computing leveraging quantum mechanics, promising exponential speedups for
complex calculations.

Edge Computing
5 Processing data closer to the source, reducing latency and enhancing real-time decision-
making capabilities.
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