TUTORIAL1

TECHNO MAIN CAMPUS TMSL MATERIAL INDUSTRIAL
MANAGEMENT (LECTURE NOTES)
BY PROF SPC
1. Introduction to Systems and Management
System:
• Concept: A system is an organized set of elements functioning together to achieve a

specific goal.
• Definition: A system is a group of interrelated or interacting elements that function as
a whole.
• Types:
1. Open systems (interact with the environment).
2. Closed systems (do not interact with the environment).
• Parameters: Define the limits or boundaries of a system (e.g., capacity, time).
• Variables: Elements that can change within the system (e.g., inputs, outputs).
• Behavior: How the system reacts to different inputs, changes, or environmental
conditions.
Management:
• Definition: The process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling resources to

achieve organizational goals.
• Functions:
1. Planning: Setting objectives and determining the best course of action.
2. Organizing: Arranging resources and tasks to achieve the objectives.
3. Leading: Motivating and directing employees.
4. Controlling: Monitoring and evaluating progress toward goals.
2. Organizational Structure
i. Definition:
Organizational structure is the formal system that outlines how tasks, responsibilities, and
authority are distributed within an organization.
ii. Goals:
1. Efficient workflow.
2. Clear communication channels.
3. Effective use of resources.
4. Alignment with organizational strategy.
iii. Factors Considered in Formulating Structure:
1. Size of the organization.

2. Nature of business.
3. Objectives and goals.
4. Technology used.
5. External environment.
By Prof Spc
BY PROF SPC
6. Cultural factors.
iv. Types of Organizational Structures:
1. Functional Structure: Grouping by function (e.g., marketing, finance).

o Advantages: Specialization, operational efficiency.
o Disadvantages: Can create silos, lack of coordination between departments.
2. Divisional Structure: Grouping by product, market, or geography.
o Advantages: Focused on specific markets/products, better accountability.
o Disadvantages: Duplication of resources, can be costly.
3. Matrix Structure: Combines functional and divisional for more flexibility.
o Advantages: Dynamic, efficient use of resources.
o Disadvantages: Complexity, role confusion.
4. Flat Structure: Fewer levels of hierarchy.
o Advantages: Quicker decision-making, more autonomy.
o Disadvantages: Limited career growth, role ambiguity.
5. Hierarchical Structure: Traditional, with clear levels of authority.
o Advantages: Clear chain of command.
o Disadvantages: Slower decision-making.
v. Applications:
• Suitable for various industries (manufacturing, IT, service sectors), depending on

goals, size, and nature of work.
3. Concepts in Industrial Management
Division of Labor:
• Meaning: Breaking down work into specialized tasks to increase efficiency.

• Importance: Leads to higher productivity, specialization, and faster production.
Scalar and Functional Processes:
• Scalar Process: Refers to the clear hierarchy and flow of authority in an organization.
• Functional Process: Involves specialization in specific functions or tasks.
Span of Control:
• Refers to the number of subordinates directly reporting to a manager.

• Narrow Span: Fewer subordinates, more control.
• Wide Span: More subordinates, less direct control.
Delegation of Authority:
• The process of assigning decision-making powers from higher to lower levels.

• Importance: Empowers employees, enhances efficiency.
By Prof Spc
BY PROF SPC
Centralization and Decentralization:
• Centralization: Decision-making is concentrated at the top levels.

• Decentralization: Decision-making is distributed across lower levels.
• Importance: Depends on the need for control vs. flexibility.
4. Organizational Culture and Climate
Organizational Culture:
• Refers to the shared values, beliefs, and norms within an organization.

• Factors Affecting Culture: Leadership, history, industry, policies.
Organizational Climate:
• Refers to the prevailing workplace environment, including relationships and morale.

• Factors Affecting Climate: Management style, communication, team dynamics.
Differences Between Culture and Climate:
• Culture: Long-term, ingrained values.

• Climate: Short-term, influenced by current management and work environment.
5. Moral and Productivity
Factors Affecting Moral:
1. Work environment.
2. Job security.
3. Recognition and rewards.
4. Work-life balance.
Relationship Between Moral and Productivity:
• Higher morale often leads to increased productivity because motivated employees are
more engaged and committed.
6. Job Satisfaction
Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction:
1. Work conditions.
2. Compensation.
3. Opportunities for growth.
4. Work-life balance.
5. Company culture.
By Prof Spc
BY PROF SPC
7. Factory Act and Labor Laws
Important Provisions of Factory Act:
1. Health and Safety: Standards for workplace safety and worker health.
2. Working Hours: Limits on hours and provision of breaks.
3. Welfare Measures: Amenities for workers, such as canteens and restrooms.
Labor Laws:
1. Minimum Wages Act: Ensures fair wages.

2. Industrial Disputes Act: Governs dispute resolution.
3. Workmen's Compensation Act: Compensation for workplace injuries.
By Prof Spc

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TECHNO MAIN CAMPUS TMSL MATERIAL INDUSTRIAL

MANAGEMENT (LECTURE NOTES)

1. Introduction to Systems and Management

• Concept: A system is an organized set of elements functioning together to achieve a

• Definition: The process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling resources to

iii. Factors Considered in Formulating Structure:

1. Size of the organization.

iv. Types of Organizational Structures:

1. Functional Structure: Grouping by function (e.g., marketing, finance).

• Suitable for various industries (manufacturing, IT, service sectors), depending on

3. Concepts in Industrial Management

• Meaning: Breaking down work into specialized tasks to increase efficiency.

Scalar and Functional Processes:

• Refers to the number of subordinates directly reporting to a manager.

• The process of assigning decision-making powers from higher to lower levels.

Centralization and Decentralization:

• Centralization: Decision-making is concentrated at the top levels.

4. Organizational Culture and Climate

• Refers to the shared values, beliefs, and norms within an organization.

• Refers to the prevailing workplace environment, including relationships and morale.

Differences Between Culture and Climate:

• Culture: Long-term, ingrained values.

5. Moral and Productivity

Factors Affecting Moral:

Relationship Between Moral and Productivity:

Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction:

7. Factory Act and Labor Laws

Important Provisions of Factory Act:

1. Minimum Wages Act: Ensures fair wages.

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