Electricity & Chemistry 3 MS

1 (a (i) no reaction [1]
Fe + Sn2+ → Fe2+ + Sn / 2Fe + 3Sn2+ → 2Fe3+ + 3Sn [2]

for realising that there would be a reaction shown by an attempt to write an
equation e.g. writing Fe2Sn etc. allow [1]
no reaction [1]
(ii) tin oxide, nitrogen dioxide (accept nitogen(IV) oxide/dinitrogen tetroxide), oxygen
All three for two [2]
accept correct formulae
any two correct products [1]
(b) (i) tin [1]
(ii) 4OH → O2 + 2H2O + 4e [2]

not balanced allow [1]
(iii) sulfuric acid [1]
(c) zinc is more reactive than iron/steel [1]

tin is less reactive than iron/steel [1]
zinc corrodes/reacts/loses electrons/is oxidised/is anodic/provides sacrificial protection/

forms positive ions (in preference to iron or steel) ORA
allow iron is cathodic for this mark. [1]
Iron/steel corrodes/reacts/rusts/loses electrons/is oxidised/is anodic/forms positive ions (in

preference to tin). ORA
allow tin is cathodic for this mark [1]
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2 (a) (i) bauxite [1]
(ii) lowers melting point [1]

better conductor / reduces amount of energy needed / reduces cost / more
economic / makes process viable / conserves energy [1]
(iii) aluminium more reactive than copper / aluminium higher in reactivity series [1]
hydrogen not aluminium formed at cathode [1]
(b) Al 3+ + 3e → Al [1]
2O2 → O2 + 4e [2]
note: not balanced = 1
oxygen reacts with carbon (anode) to form carbon dioxide / C + O2 → CO2 [1]
note: if mark(s) for an electrode reaction are not awarded then allow aluminium ions accept
electrons / are reduced [1]
oxide ion loses electrons / is oxidised [1]
max 4
(c) (i) protective oxide layer [1]
(ii) aluminium low density / light [1]

aluminium is a good conductor [1]
strength / prevent sagging / allows greater separation of pylons / core made of
steel because it is strong [1]
3 (a) sodium is expensive / difficult to obtain sodium (from sodium chloride) / problems getting
electricity / hard to extract sodium / high energy costs in extraction of sodium [1]
(b) (i) reduce temperature / reduce melting point (to 900/1000°C) temperature need not be
stated, but if it is stated it must be within the range
better conductivity / solid aluminium oxide does not conduct
aluminium oxide is insoluble in water any two [2]
(ii) 2O2 O2 + 4e [2]

2] or
(iii) they burn (away) / react with oxygen / form carbon dioxide [1]
(c) hydrogen formed / aluminium above hydrogen in reactivity series / H+ discharged

in preference to Al3+ / aluminium is more reactive than hydrogen [1]
aluminium more reactive than carbon / carbon cannot reduce aluminium oxide /
aluminium is higher than carbon in the reactivity series / carbon doesn’t reduce
aluminium oxide / carbon doesn’t displace aluminium [1]
comparison is essential for mark
4 (a (i) H2 on RHS [1]
ignore any other species on RHS
rest of equation fully correct i.e. 2H+ + 2e H2 [1]
(ii) H+ removed / escapes / discharged / used up / reduced [1]

(equilibrium) moves to RHS / more water molecules ionise or
dissociate / forward reaction favoured [1]
(iii) oxygen / O2 [1]

not O
(iv) carbon / graphite / platinum (electrode) [1]
(b) (i) to make ammonia / in petroleum processing / balloons / rocket fuel / fuel for cars /
hardening of fats / fuel cells / fuel (unqualified) / making hydrochloric acid [1]
(ii) to sterilise / disinfect it / kill bacteria / bugs / microbes / micro-organisms / germs [1]
(c)
c) ( (reference to) volume and time / how long it takes [1]
(ii) carry out experiment with different intensities of light / one in light and one in
dark / repeat experiment in reduced light [1]
measure new rate which would be faster or slower depending on light intensity [1]
[Total: 11]
5 molten potassium iodide NOT aqueous [1]
hydrogen [1]
oxygen [1]
water used up or solution becomes more concentrated or sodium chloride remains
NOT no change [1]
If products are given as hydrogen, chlorine and sodium hydroxide then 2/3
copper [1]
oxygen (and water) [1]
sulfuric acid accept hydrogen sulfate [1]
aqueous or dilute or concentrated potassium bromide [1]

accept correct formulae
[Total: 8]
6 (a (i) 2H+ + 2e H2 [1]
(ii) 2Cl – 2e Cl2 or 2Cl Cl2 + 2e [1]
(iii) Na+ and OH are left [1]

OR Cl removed OH left
NB ions by name or formula essential
NOT any reaction of Na or Na+
NOT Na+ and OH combine
(b)
b) sterilise/disinfect water or kill microbes/germs bacteria, etc. [1]
NOT just to make it safe to drink or purify it or clean it
treat above as neutral they do not negate a correct response
(ii) ammonia or methanol or hydrogen chloride or margarine [1]

NOT nylon
(iii) fat or lipid or triester or named fat or glyceryl stearate [1]

or vegetable oil
heat [1]
[Total: 7]

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1 (a (i) no reaction [1]

Fe + Sn2+ → Fe2+ + Sn / 2Fe + 3Sn2+ → 2Fe3+ + 3Sn [2]

any two correct products [1]

(b) (i) tin [1]

(ii) 4OH → O2 + 2H2O + 4e [2]

(iii) sulfuric acid [1]

(c) zinc is more reactive than iron/steel [1]

zinc corrodes/reacts/loses electrons/is oxidised/is anodic/provides sacrificial protection/

Iron/steel corrodes/reacts/rusts/loses electrons/is oxidised/is anodic/forms positive ions (in

(ii) lowers melting point [1]

(c) (i) protective oxide layer [1]

(ii) aluminium low density / light [1]

(ii) 2O2 O2 + 4e [2]

(c) hydrogen formed / aluminium above hydrogen in reactivity series / H+ discharged

(ii) H+ removed / escapes / discharged / used up / reduced [1]

(iii) oxygen / O2 [1]

(iv) carbon / graphite / platinum (electrode) [1]

5 molten potassium iodide NOT aqueous [1]

aqueous or dilute or concentrated potassium bromide [1]

(ii) 2Cl – 2e Cl2 or 2Cl Cl2 + 2e [1]

(iii) Na+ and OH are left [1]

(ii) ammonia or methanol or hydrogen chloride or margarine [1]

(iii) fat or lipid or triester or named fat or glyceryl stearate [1]

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