SQL Server Functions

1. Cast Function: CAST()

The cast function converts a data type into another data type.

Cast Function Example:

SELECT Cast(10 AS VARCHAR);

Output:

'10'

2. Coalesce Function: COALESCE()

The coalesce function returns the first non-null value from a list of
expressions.

Coalesce Function Example:

SELECT COALESCE(NULL,'value2','value3');

Output:

'value2'

3. Is Null Function: ISNULL()

The is null function checks if an expression is null; if it is, it returns a

replacement value.

Is Null Function Example:

SELECT Isnull('value','null');

Output:

'value'

4. If Null Function: IFNULL()

The if null function is similar to the is null function, but the arguments are
reversed.

If Null Function Example:

SELECT Ifnull('value','null');

Output:

'value'

5. NVL Function: NVL()

The NVL function replaces null values with a specified default value.

NVL Function Example:

SELECT Nvl(NULL,'default value');

Output:

'default value'

6. Case Expression: CASE

The case expression performs conditional operations based on a specified

expression.

Case Expression Example:

SELECTCASE
WHEN1=1THEN'true'
ELSE'false'
END;

Output:

'true'

7. Convert Function: CONVERT()

The convert function converts a value into a specified data type.

Convert Function Example:

SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR,10);

Output:

'10'

8. Split Function: STRING_SPLIT()

The split function splits a string into a table of substrings.

Split Function Example:

SELECT *
FROM String_split('apple,banana,cherry',',');

Output:

apple banana cherry

9. Random Function: RAND()

The random function generates a random number between 0 and 1.

Random Function Example:

SELECT Rand();

Output:

0.7750247322012854

10. If Function: IF()

The if function performs a conditional operation based on a specified

expression.

If Function Example:

SELECT IF(1=1,'true','false');

Output:
'True'

11. Mid Function: MID()

The mid function extracts a substring from a string, starting at a specified

position and with a specified length.

Mid Function Example:

SELECTMid('apple',2,3);

Output:

'ppl'

SQL Date Functions

12. Date Add Function: DATEADD()

The date add function adds a specified number of intervals (such as days,
months, or years) to a date.

Date Add Function Example:

SELECT Dateadd(day,7,'2023-05-05');

Output:

'2023-05-12'

13. Date Format Function: DATE_FORMAT()

The date format function reformats a date value into a string with a specified
format.

Date Format Example:

SELECT Date_format('2023-05-05','%m/%d/%Y');

Output:

'05/05/2023'
14. Date Part Function: DATEPART()

The date part function extracts a specified part of a date, such as year, month,
or day.

Date Part Example:

SELECT Datepart(year,'2023-05-05');

Output:

2023

15. Day of the Week Function: DAYOFWEEK()

The day of the week function returns the day of the week for a given date.

Day of the Week Example:

SELECT Dayofweek('2023-05-05');

Output:

16. Week Function: WEEK()

The week function returns the week number for a given date.

Week Function Example:

SELECT Week('2023-05-05');

Output:

18

17. Weekday Function: WEEKDAY()

The weekday function returns the weekday index for a given date.

Weekday Function Example:

SELECT Weekday('2023-05-05');
Output:

18. Year Function: YEAR()

The year function extracts the year from a date value.

Year Function Example:

SELECT Year('2023-05-05');

Output:

2023

SQL String Functions

19. Length Function: LEN()

The length function is used to return the length of a string.

Length Function Example:

SELECT Len('banana');

Output:

20. Left Function: LEFT()

The left function extracts a specified number of characters from the beginning
of a string.

Left Function Example:

SELECT LEFT('banana',3);

Output:

'ban'
21. Right Function: RIGHT()

The right function extracts a specified number of characters from the end of a
string.

Right Function Example:

SELECTRIGHT('banana',3);

Output:

'ana'

22. Trim Function: TRIM()

The trim function removes leading and trailing spaces from a string.

Trim Function Example:

SELECTTrim(' banana ');

Output:

'banana'

23. Ascii Function: ASCII()

The ascii function returns the ASCII code value for a specified character.

Ascii Function Example:

SELECTAscii('A');

Output:

65

24. Concatenate Function: CONCAT()

The concatenate function links two or more strings together.

Concat Function Example:

SELECT Concat('apple','banana','cherry');
Output:

'applebananacherry'

25. Format Function: FORMAT()

The format function reformats a value into a specified string format.

Format Function Example:

SELECT Format(12345.6789,'#,##0.00');

Output:

12,345.68

26. Replace Function: REPLACE()

The replace function replaces a specified string with another string in a given
expression.

Replace Function Example:

SELECT Replace('banana','a','e');

Output:

Benene

27. Substring Function: SUBSTRING()

The SUBSTRING function extracts a substring from a given string.

Substring Function Example:

SELECTSubstring('banana',2,3);

Output:

'nan'

28. In String Function: INSTR()

The in string function finds the position of a specified substring within a string.
In String Function Example:

SELECTInstr('banana','a');

Output:

29. Stuff Function: STUFF()

The stuff function replaces a substring within a string with another substring.

Stuff Function Example:

SELECTStuff('banana',2,3,'oro');

Output:

'borona'