1/9/12 11:21 AM

C:\MATLAB7\toolbox\images\images\fspecial.m

1 of 7

function h = fspecial(varargin) %FSPECIAL Create 2-D special filters. % H = FSPECIAL(TYPE) creates a two-dimensional filter H of the % specified type. Possible values for TYPE are: % % 'average' averaging filter % 'disk' circular averaging filter % 'gaussian' Gaussian lowpass filter % 'laplacian' filter approximating the 2-D Laplacian operator % 'log' Laplacian of Gaussian filter % 'motion' motion filter % 'prewitt' Prewitt horizontal edge-emphasizing filter % 'sobel' Sobel horizontal edge-emphasizing filter % 'unsharp' unsharp contrast enhancement filter % % Depending on TYPE, FSPECIAL may take additional parameters % which you can supply. These parameters all have default % values. % % H = FSPECIAL('average',HSIZE) returns an averaging filter H of size % HSIZE. HSIZE can be a vector specifying the number of rows and columns in % H or a scalar, in which case H is a square matrix. % The default HSIZE is [3 3]. % % H = FSPECIAL('disk',RADIUS) returns a circular averaging filter % (pillbox) within the square matrix of side 2*RADIUS+1. % The default RADIUS is 5. % % H = FSPECIAL('gaussian',HSIZE,SIGMA) returns a rotationally % symmetric Gaussian lowpass filter of size HSIZE with standard % deviation SIGMA (positive). HSIZE can be a vector specifying the % number of rows and columns in H or a scalar, in which case H is a % square matrix. % The default HSIZE is [3 3], the default SIGMA is 0.5. % % H = FSPECIAL('laplacian',ALPHA) returns a 3-by-3 filter % approximating the shape of the two-dimensional Laplacian % operator. The parameter ALPHA controls the shape of the % Laplacian and must be in the range 0.0 to 1.0. % The default ALPHA is 0.2. % % H = FSPECIAL('log',HSIZE,SIGMA) returns a rotationally symmetric % Laplacian of Gaussian filter of size HSIZE with standard deviation % SIGMA (positive). HSIZE can be a vector specifying the number of rows % and columns in H or a scalar, in which case H is a square matrix. % The default HSIZE is [5 5], the default SIGMA is 0.5. % % H = FSPECIAL('motion',LEN,THETA) returns a filter to approximate, once % convolved with an image, the linear motion of a camera by LEN pixels, % with an angle of THETA degrees in a counter-clockwise direction. The % filter becomes a vector for horizontal and vertical motions. The % default LEN is 9, the default THETA is 0, which corresponds to a

1/9/12 11:21 AM % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

C:\MATLAB7\toolbox\images\images\fspecial.m

2 of 7

horizontal motion of 9 pixels. H = FSPECIAL('prewitt') returns 3-by-3 filter that emphasizes horizontal edges by approximating a vertical gradient. If you need to emphasize vertical edges, transpose the filter H: H'. [1 1 1;0 0 0;-1 -1 -1]. H = FSPECIAL('sobel') returns 3-by-3 filter that emphasizes horizontal edges utilizing the smoothing effect by approximating a vertical gradient. If you need to emphasize vertical edges, transpose the filter H: H'. [1 2 1;0 0 0;-1 -2 -1]. H = FSPECIAL('unsharp',ALPHA) returns a 3-by-3 unsharp contrast enhancement filter. FSPECIAL creates the unsharp filter from the negative of the Laplacian filter with parameter ALPHA. ALPHA controls the shape of the Laplacian and must be in the range 0.0 to 1.0. The default ALPHA is 0.2. Class Support ------------H is of class double. Example ------I = imread('cameraman.tif'); subplot(2,2,1);imshow(I);title('Original Image'); H = fspecial('motion',20,45); MotionBlur = imfilter(I,H,'replicate'); subplot(2,2,2);imshow(MotionBlur);title('Motion Blurred Image'); H = fspecial('disk',10); blurred = imfilter(I,H,'replicate'); subplot(2,2,3);imshow(blurred);title('Blurred Image'); H = fspecial('unsharp'); sharpened = imfilter(I,H,'replicate'); subplot(2,2,4);imshow(sharpened);title('Sharpened Image'); See also CONV2, EDGE, FILTER2, FSAMP2, FWIND1, FWIND2, IMFILTER. Copyright 1993-2003 The MathWorks, Inc. $Revision: 5.28.4.2 $ $Date: 2003/01/26 05:55:24 $

[type, p2, p3] = ParseInputs(varargin{:}); switch type case 'average' % Smoothing filter siz = p2; h = ones(siz)/prod(siz); case 'disk' % Disk filter

1/9/12 11:21 AM

C:\MATLAB7\toolbox\images\images\fspecial.m

3 of 7

rad = p2; crad = ceil(rad-0.5); [x,y] = meshgrid(-crad:crad,-crad:crad); maxxy = max(abs(x),abs(y)); minxy = min(abs(x),abs(y)); m1 = (rad^2 < (maxxy+0.5).^2 + (minxy-0.5).^2).*(minxy-0.5) + ... (rad^2 >= (maxxy+0.5).^2 + (minxy-0.5).^2).* ... sqrt(rad^2 - (maxxy + 0.5).^2); m2 = (rad^2 > (maxxy-0.5).^2 + (minxy+0.5).^2).*(minxy+0.5) + ... (rad^2 <= (maxxy-0.5).^2 + (minxy+0.5).^2).* ... sqrt(rad^2 - (maxxy - 0.5).^2); sgrid = (rad^2*(0.5*(asin(m2/rad) - asin(m1/rad)) + ... 0.25*(sin(2*asin(m2/rad)) - sin(2*asin(m1/rad)))) - ... (maxxy-0.5).*(m2-m1) + (m1-minxy+0.5)) ... .*((((rad^2 < (maxxy+0.5).^2 + (minxy+0.5).^2) & ... (rad^2 > (maxxy-0.5).^2 + (minxy-0.5).^2)) | ... ((minxy==0)&(maxxy-0.5 < rad)&(maxxy+0.5>=rad)))); sgrid = sgrid + ((maxxy+0.5).^2 + (minxy+0.5).^2 < rad^2); sgrid(crad+1,crad+1) = min(pi*rad^2,pi/2); if ((crad>0) & (rad > crad-0.5) & (rad^2 < (crad-0.5)^2+0.25)) m1 = sqrt(rad^2 - (crad - 0.5).^2); m1n = m1/rad; sg0 = 2*(rad^2*(0.5*asin(m1n) + 0.25*sin(2*asin(m1n)))-m1*(crad-0.5)); sgrid(2*crad+1,crad+1) = sg0; sgrid(crad+1,2*crad+1) = sg0; sgrid(crad+1,1) = sg0; sgrid(1,crad+1) = sg0; sgrid(2*crad,crad+1) = sgrid(2*crad,crad+1) - sg0; sgrid(crad+1,2*crad) = sgrid(crad+1,2*crad) - sg0; sgrid(crad+1,2) = sgrid(crad+1,2) - sg0; sgrid(2,crad+1) = sgrid(2,crad+1) - sg0; end sgrid(crad+1,crad+1) = min(sgrid(crad+1,crad+1),1); h = sgrid/sum(sgrid(:)); case 'gaussian' % Gaussian filter siz std = (p2-1)/2; = p3;

[x,y] = meshgrid(-siz(2):siz(2),-siz(1):siz(1)); arg = -(x.*x + y.*y)/(2*std*std); h = exp(arg); h(h<eps*max(h(:))) = 0; sumh = sum(h(:)); if sumh ~= 0, h = h/sumh; end ; case 'laplacian' % Laplacian filter

1/9/12 11:21 AM alpha alpha h1 h = = = =

C:\MATLAB7\toolbox\images\images\fspecial.m

4 of 7

p2; max(0,min(alpha,1)); alpha/(alpha+1); h2 = (1-alpha)/(alpha+1); [h1 h2 h1;h2 -4/(alpha+1) h2;h1 h2 h1];

case 'log' % Laplacian of Gaussian % first calculate Gaussian siz = (p2-1)/2; std2 = p3^2; [x,y] = meshgrid(-siz(2):siz(2),-siz(1):siz(1)); arg = -(x.*x + y.*y)/(2*std2); h = exp(arg); h(h<eps*max(h(:))) = 0; sumh = sum(h(:)); if sumh ~= 0, h = h/sumh; end ; % now calculate Laplacian h1 = h.*(x.*x + y.*y - 2*std2)/(std2^2); h = h1 - sum(h1(:))/prod(p2); % make the filter sum to zero case 'motion' % Motion filter uses bilinear interpolation len = max(1,p2); half = (len-1)/2; % rotate half length around center phi = mod(p3,180)/180*pi; cosphi = cos(phi); sinphi = sin(phi); xsign = sign(cosphi); linewdt = 1; % define mesh for the half matrix, eps takes care of the right size % for 0 & 90 rotation sx = fix(half*cosphi + linewdt*xsign - len*eps); sy = fix(half*sinphi + linewdt - len*eps); [x y] = meshgrid([0:xsign:sx],[0:sy]); % define shortest distance from a pixel to the rotated line dist2line = (y*cosphi-x*sinphi); % distance perpendicular to the line rad = sqrt(x.^2 + y.^2); % find points beyond the line's end-point but within the line width lastpix = find((rad >= half)&(abs(dist2line)<=linewdt)); %distance to the line's end-point parallel to the line x2lastpix = half - abs((x(lastpix) + dist2line(lastpix)*sinphi)/cosphi); dist2line(lastpix) = sqrt(dist2line(lastpix).^2 + x2lastpix.^2); dist2line = linewdt + eps - abs(dist2line); dist2line(dist2line<0) = 0; % zero out anything beyond line width

1/9/12 11:21 AM

C:\MATLAB7\toolbox\images\images\fspecial.m

5 of 7

% unfold half-matrix to the full size h = rot90(dist2line,2); h(end+[1:end]-1,end+[1:end]-1) = dist2line; h = h./(sum(h(:)) + eps*len*len); if cosphi>0, h = flipud(h); end case 'prewitt' % Prewitt filter h = [1 1 1;0 0 0;-1 -1 -1]; case 'sobel' % Sobel filter h = [1 2 1;0 0 0;-1 -2 -1]; case 'unsharp' % Unsharp filter alpha = p2; h = [0 0 0;0 1 0;0 0 0] - fspecial( 'laplacian' ,alpha); end

%%% %%% ParseInputs %%% function [type, p2, p3] = ParseInputs(varargin) % default type p2 p3 values = '' ; = []; = [];

% Check the number of input arguments. checknargin(1,3,nargin,mfilename); % Determine filter type from the user supplied string. type = varargin{1}; type = checkstrs(type,{ 'gaussian' ,'sobel' ,'prewitt' , 'laplacian' , 'log', ... 'average' , 'unsharp', 'disk' ,'motion' },mfilename, 'TYPE' ,1); % default values switch type case 'average' p2 = [3 3]; % siz case 'disk' p2 = 5;

% rad

case 'gaussian' p2 = [3 3]; % siz p3 = 0.5; % std

1/9/12 11:21 AM

C:\MATLAB7\toolbox\images\images\fspecial.m

6 of 7

case {'laplacian' , 'unsharp' } p2 = 1/5; % alpha case 'log' p2 = [5 5]; p3 = 0.5;

% siz % std

case 'motion' p2 = 9; % len p3 = 0; % theta end

switch nargin case 1 % FSPECIAL('average') % FSPECIAL('disk') % FSPECIAL('gaussian') % FSPECIAL('laplacian') % FSPECIAL('log') % FSPECIAL('motion') % FSPECIAL('prewitt') % FSPECIAL('sobel') % FSPECIAL('unsharp') % Nothing to do here; the default values have % already been assigned. case 2 % FSPECIAL('average',N) % FSPECIAL('disk',RADIUS) % FSPECIAL('gaussian',N) % FSPECIAL('laplacian',ALPHA) % FSPECIAL('log',N) % FSPECIAL('motion',LEN) % FSPECIAL('unsharp',ALPHA) p2 = varargin{2}; switch type case { 'sobel' , 'prewitt' } msg = sprintf( '%s: Too many arguments for this type of filter.' , upper (mfilename)); eid = sprintf( 'Images:%s:tooManyArgsForThisFilter' , mfilename); error(eid,msg); case { 'laplacian' , 'unsharp' } checkinput(p2,{ 'double' },{ 'nonnegative' , 'real' , ... 'nonempty', 'finite' , 'scalar' }, ... mfilename, 'ALPHA' ,2); if p2 > 1 msg = sprintf( '%s: ALPHA should be less than or equal 1 and greater than 0.', upper(mfilename)); eid = sprintf( 'Images:%s:outOfRangeAlpha' , mfilename);

1/9/12 11:21 AM

C:\MATLAB7\toolbox\images\images\fspecial.m

7 of 7

error(eid,msg); end case { 'disk' , 'motion' } checkinput(p2,{ 'double' },{ 'positive','finite' , 'real' ,'nonempty' , 'scalar' }, mfilename,'RADIUS or LEN' ,2); case { 'gaussian', 'log' , 'average'} checkinput(p2,{ 'double' },{ 'positive','finite' , 'real' ,'nonempty' , 'integer' }, mfilename,'HSIZE' ,2); if prod(size(p2)) > 2 msg = 'HSIZE should have 1 or 2 elements.' ; eid = sprintf( 'Images:%s:wrongSizeN' , mfilename); error(eid,msg); elseif (prod(size(p2))==1) p2 = [p2 p2]; end end

case 3 % FSPECIAL('gaussian',N,SIGMA) % FSPECIAL('log',N,SIGMA) % FSPECIAL('motion',LEN,THETA) p2 = varargin{2}; p3 = varargin{3}; switch type case 'motion' checkinput(p2,{ 'double' },{ 'positive','finite' , 'real' ,'nonempty' , 'scalar' }, mfilename,'LEN' ,2); checkinput(p3,{ 'double' },{ 'real' , 'nonempty' , 'finite' ,'scalar' }, mfilename,'THETA' ,3); case { 'gaussian', 'log' } checkinput(p2,{ 'double' },{ 'positive','finite' , 'real' ,'nonempty' , 'integer' }, mfilename,'N' ,2); checkinput(p3,{ 'double' },{ 'positive','finite' , 'real' ,'nonempty' , 'scalar' }, mfilename,'SIGMA' ,3); if prod(size(p2)) > 2 msg = sprintf( '%s: size(N) should be less than or equal 2.' , upper (mfilename)); eid = sprintf( 'Images:%s:wrongSizeN' , mfilename); error(eid,msg); elseif (prod(size(p2))==1) p2 = [p2 p2]; end otherwise msg = sprintf( '%s: Too many arguments for this type of filter.' , upper (mfilename)); eid = sprintf( 'Images:%s:tooManyArgsForThisFilter' , mfilename); error(eid,msg); end end