MST4: LIVING IN THE IT ERA

Ms. Jobelle Galve-Abad | 2nd Year - First Semester | S.Y. 2024 – 2025

INTRODUCTION TO ICT ▪ made communication much easier and faster through

telephones, computers and mobile devices
ICT
▪ short for Information and Communications Technology IT VS. ICT
▪ is the infrastructure and components that enable modern
computing IT ICT
▪ generally accepted to mean all devices, networking industry that involves technology that supports
components, applications and systems that combined allow computers, software, activities involving information,
people and organizations (i.e., businesses, nonprofit networking and other IT such as gathering, processing,
agencies, governments and criminal enterprises) to interact infrastructure for managing and storing and presenting data,
in the digital world communicating information involving collaboration and
communication
ZUPPO (2012) used more often in the context used more often in education
▪ related to technologies that facilitate the transfer of of business operations and government content.
information and various types of electronically meditated
communication IT helps strengthen companies with the existence of a set of IT
personnel that are equipped with servers, database management
ICT HIERARCHY BY COLRAIN ZUPPO systems, and security measures for protecting confidential information
about the company.
▪ identifying key aspects such as ICT in education, business, Without IT, all the company’s important data can easily be
economic sector compromised by many outside attackers and hackers alike. In the IT
▪ What do you think is common in all this? These department, there are several specialists like a system administrator,
classifications contain some degree of commonality. The IT manager, network engineer, computer programmer, and other IT
need for devices, such as mobile phones, laptops, others, experts that are all tasked with different specific roles.
is identified in all instances The core services of IT are summarized as giving tools that hasten
company productivity, automate business processing, establishes a
way to connect effectively with valuable customers or clients, and the
basic core service of supplying information.
The more specific sub-tasks included in these core services are
installing programs or computer software, building computer
networks, designing an effective electronic system, and managing an
entire bulk of information in the form of databases.

ICT is used in the academy for the benefit of the individual or the
institution which is smaller in size than the ones handled by IT
professionals in bigger industries. ICT can be as simple as utilizing
audiovisual equipment for learning at school, the use of electronic
telephony and other devices that help transmit information across the
campus. Since 1997, ICT has also been recognized as the
incorporation of telephony and audiovisual devices in computers. This
direction helped academic institutions cut down the cost of operations,
most especially in the removal of traditional telephone networks.
BAUMEISTER AND LEARY (1995)
WANG (2016)
▪ The “belonginess hypothesis” states that people have a
basic psychological need to feel closely connected to ▪ IT is a subset of ICT as the technology used in the field of
others, and that caring, affectionate bonds from close IT aids in the use of ICT
relationships are a major part of human behavior.
▪ This need can be fulfilled through different modes of INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION UNION (ITU)
communication. ▪ conducts annual study on the use of ICT around the world
▪ ICT is everywhere. Access is relatively affordable and ▪ The report is called the ICT Development Index (IDI)
somewhat effortless
ITU’s Measuring digital development: The 2024 edition of ITU’s ICT
BREAKDOWN OF ICT Development Index (IDI) shows that progress has been made towards
universal and meaningful connectivity –defined as the ability for
INFORMATION everyone to go online under optimal conditions, at an affordable cost,
▪ refers to the knowledge obtained from reading, anywhere and anytime they need –with low-income economies
investigation, study or research showing most improvement.
▪ not to be confused with data, information is processed data

KNOWLEDGE
▪ processed information
▪ helps fulfill daily tasks

COMMUNICATION
▪ an act of transmitting messages
▪ a process in which information is exchanged between
individuals through verbal and non-verbal means

TECHNOLOGY
▪ the application of scientific knowledge for practical
purposes, especially in industry

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MST4: LIVING IN THE IT ERA

Note: Based on the 165 economies covered in both editions. Bars PASCALINE (1642)
represent the point scores in IDI 2023 and 2024 (scale on the left- ▪ invented by Blaise Pascal
hand vertical axis), dots show the year-on-year percentage change ▪ also known as the arithmetic machine
(right-hand axis). ▪ designed the machine to add and subtract two numbers
▪ perform multiplication and division through repeated
EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY addition or subtraction
▪ The evolution of technology has always depended on one PROGRAMMABLE LOOM
thing: THE HUMAN RATIONALE
▪ Humans tend to think of ways to discharge tasks or
workloads, or do daily activities
CHARLES BABBAGE
▪ The concept of technology always starts with the basic tool
by combining a set of tools, machines were made that can ▪ considered as the “Father of Computers” with his work on
do tasks faster and more efficiently “analytical engine” that kickstart the idea of computer

COMPUTERS ADA LOVELACE

▪ type of machine that is an electronic device for storing and ▪ considered as the world’s first programmer
processing data ▪ developed the first-ever computer algorithm

AUTOMATION GENERATION OF DIGITAL COMPUTERS

▪ the technique of making an apparatus, a process, or a
FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS
system operate automatically
▪ includes a broad range of technologies normally connecting ▪ vacuum tubes like:
computer systems to other systems
▪ Wheel > Vehicles > Toyota automated production of cars > 1. MARK 1
Self-drive cars ➢ one of the earliest electromechanical computers,
developed during the early 1940s
INTELLIGENT SYSTEM/ ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ➢ also known as the IBM Automatic Sequence
Controlled Calculator (ASCC)
▪ systems that are capable of learning
➢ designed by Howard Aiken and built by IBM
▪ AI example – robotics, smart assistants
➢ perform basic arithmetic operations and could
execute complex calculations
2. ENIAC
COMPUTERS (HISTORY, COMPONENTS, CLASSIFICATIONS,
➢ Electronic Numerical Integrator and
TYPES)
Computer
➢ completed by professors John Mauchly and J.
COMPUTER
Presper Eckert
▪ an electronic device that manipulates data and/or ➢ it is over 1,000 times faster than any previous
information according to a set of instructions computer
3. UNIVAC
HISTORY OF COMPUTER ➢ Universal Automatic Computer
➢ was built by Professors John Mauchly and J.
Computers have taken a major role in the last three decades with the Presper Eckert
evolution of technology. This is due to the fact that people are more ➢ a massive computer weighing around 16,000
dependent to computers to do their daily activities pounds
Computers have evolved based on the type of components used in SECOND GENERATION COMPUTERS
the design, suitability and reliability
▪ transistors
EARLY COMPUTING DEVICES
THIRD GENERATION COMPUTERS
TALLY STICKS (18000-20000 BC) ▪ integrated circuits
▪ an ancient memory aid device used to record and document
1. PDP-8
numbers, quantities and messages
➢ introduced by Digital Equipment Corporation
▪ a notable example is the Ishango Bone
(DEC) in 1965
➢ 12-bit word length and had a simple architecture,
ABACUS (2400 BC)
making it accessible for a variety of applications,
▪ invented in Babylonia including scientific and industrial tasks
▪ an mechanical device used to aid individual in performing
mathematical calculations such as basic arithmetic 2. IBM 360 SERIES
operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and ➢ launched in 1964, the IBM 360 series
division ➢ 32-bit architecture designed to cover a wide
range of applications, from small businesses to
NAPIER’S BONES (1614) large scientific computations
▪ wooden instrument invented by John Napier
▪ an early form of mathematical calculator FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTERS
▪ allowed an individual to multiply, divide, and calculate ▪ microprocessors
square and cube roots by moving the rods around and ▪ VLSI – Very Large-Scale Integrated circuits (current laptop
placing them in specially constructed boards and desktop computers with 4thgen microprocessors)
SLIDE RULE (1622) FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTERS
▪ invented by William Oughtred ▪ Microprocessors
▪ By placing two such scales side by side and sliding them to ▪ ULSI – Ultra Large-Scale Integrated circuits (robotics, AI,
read the distance relationships, thus multiplying and smartphones)
dividing directly

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MST4: LIVING IN THE IT ERA

ANATOMY OF COMPUTERS 5. HEADPHONES

➢ allow you to listen to audio or watch a movie
The internal design of computers differs from one model to another. without disturbing people around you
But the basic components of computers remain the same for all
models. To function properly, a computer needs both hardware and 6. GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
software. ➢ used to send radio signal to the satellites, which
collect data such as time, location, speed, and
HARDWARE other variables and deliver it to the reception
▪ consists of the mechanical and electronic devices which we computer for analysis
can see and touch
▪ e.g. Keyboard, Monitor, DVD SYSTEM UNIT / CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
▪ refers to the main body or enclosure of a desktop computer
SOFTWARE which is necessary for processing and running the
▪ consists of programs, the operating systems and the data computer
that reside in the 3 memory and storage devices ▪ typically includes the motherboard, central processing unit
▪ e.g. Microsoft Office, Open Office (CPU), memory (RAM), storage drives (HDD/SSD), power
supply, and sometimes cooling systems and other internal
COMPONENTS OF COMPUTERS components
▪ provides the environment and connections needed for the
This is what makes computer work. Computers contain both hardware CPU and other components to function together as a
components and software applications. complete computer system.

INPUT UNIT / INPUT DEVICES 1. MOTHERBOARD

➢ unites all computer devices and links them
▪ devices that allow users to send data or instructions to a
together, subsequently regulating their close-knit
computer
work
2. RAM (Random Access Memory)
1. KEYBOARD
➢ connected directly to the motherboard and
➢ helps in entering data and commands in a
carries out a fast exchange of information with
computer or any electronic device by pressing
the processor
keys
3. PROCESSOR
➢ converting inputs into outputs
2. MOUSE
➢ small, powerful circuits that function as binary
➢ used to control a computer by pointing and
number sequence logic gate
clicking
4. HARD DISK DRIVE
➢ let’s you move the cursor on the screen
➢ sometimes known as the hard disk drive (HDD)
➢ a "non-volatile" storage drive, stored data can be
3. JOYSTICK
retained even in the event that the device is not
➢ used to play games on a computer
receiving power
5. CD/DVD – ROM DRIVE
4. MICROPHONE
➢ reads data from CDs and DVDs
➢ used to convert sound waves into electric waves
➢ type of optical drive that uses laser technology to
or input the audio into computers
read data encoded on these discs.
6. POWER SUPPLY (PSU)
5. SCANNER
➢ converts electrical power from an outlet into a
➢ helps us to convert a hard copy document into a
usable form for the computer’s internal
digital file (jpeg, png, pdf,)
components
7. COMPUTER FAN
6. WEBCAM
➢ dissipate heat and maintain your computer in a
➢ a video camera that is designed specifically to
cooled state, thus preventing any damage to the
record or stream to a computer or computer
components
network
8. VIDEO CARD
➢ also known as a graphics card or graphics
OUTPUT UNIT / OUTPUT DEVICES
processing unit (GPU)
▪ hardware component that translates processed data into a ➢ enables the user to view visual information on the
form that can be understood by humans or used by other monitor
devices
STORAGE DEVICES
1. MONITOR
▪ consisting of computer components and recording media
➢ device which displays all the icons, text, images,
that are used to retain digital data
etc. over a screen
PRIMARY STORAGE DEVICES
2. PRINTER
▪ actively used or processed by the computer's central
➢ makes a copy of the pictorial or textual content,
processing unit (CPU)
usually over a paper
▪ it's lost when the system is powered off
▪ main memory
3. SPEAKER
➢ device through which we can listen to a sound as
1. RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)
an outcome of what we command a computer to
▪ temporary storage space, to quickly access and process
do
information while it's running, enabling multitasking and
smooth performance
4. PROJECTOR
➢ optical device which presents an image or
moving images onto a projection screen

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MST4: LIVING IN THE IT ERA

COMPUTERS CLASSIFICATION

Computers can be classified based on technology-used, size and

computing power, purpose. The latest computers now have become
smaller yet more powerful

ACCORDING TO TECHNOLOGY-USED

1. ANALOG COMPUTER
▪ processes analog data
▪ use measurement to execute computations and
store data in a continuous form of physical values

2. DIGITAL COMPUTER
2. READ-ONLY MEMORY (ROM) ▪ capable of solving problems by processing
▪ non-volatile memory type that stores permanent data, such information expressed in discrete form by
as boot instructions for computers, and is used in various manipulating combinations of binary digits
electronic devices, but has limited storage capacity ▪ perform mathematical calculations, organize and
analyze data

3. HYBRID
▪ combinations of analog and digital computers
▪ used in applications such as aerospace, military,
and scientific research
▪ more expensive than analog and digital

ACCORDING TO SIZE AND COMPUTING POWER

▪ number of users can simultaneously accommodate

1. MICROCOMPUTER
▪ single user

2. MINICOMPUTER
▪ 10 to hundreds of users

3. MAINFRAME COMPUTER
▪ big iron
▪ hundreds to thousands of users

4. SUPERCOMPUTER
SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICES ▪ thousands of users
▪ used as a means for users to permanently store data
separate from the computer system itself ACCORDING TO PURPOSE
▪ non-volatile data storage device that retains information
even when the power is turned off
▪ addition to the computer's primary storage 1. GENERAL COMPUTERS
▪ perform calculations, manage data and execute
1. MAGNETIC STORAGE DEVICES instructions to solve problems or accomplish
▪ storage of data on a magnetized medium it uses different specific tasks.
patterns of magnetization in a magnetizable material to ▪ used across different fields and industries for a
store data and is a form of non-volatile memory variety of purposes
▪ primarily hard disks, floppy disks, magnetic card, tape
cassette, super disk 2. SPECIAL PURPOSE COMPUTER
▪ designed to solve or perform single specific
2. FLASH MEMORY DEVICES problem or task
▪ known as flash storage ▪ most analog computers are special purpose
▪ a type of nonvolatile memory that erases data in units called computers
blocks and rewrites data at the byte level
▪ retains data for an extended period COMPUTER TYPES
▪ e.g. pen drive, SSD, SD Card, Memory Card, Multimedia
Card Categorized into several types due to the introduction of mobile
devices and internet-capable devices. Categorized based on specific
3. OPTICAL STORAGE DEVICES uses.
▪ a removable storage device
▪ uses a laser beam to store and retrieve digital 1. DESKTOP COMPUTER
▪ e.g. CD, DVD, Blu-ray Disc 2. WORKSTATION
▪ specialized high-performance computing system
designed for technical or scientific applications
CLOUD STORAGE ▪ often connected to two or more display monitors
▪ a data deposit model in which digital information such as 3. SERVER
documents, photos, videos and other forms of media are ▪ a specialized computer that sends information to
stored on virtual or cloud servers hosted by third parties and processes requests from other “client”
▪ e.g. Private Cloud Storage, Public Cloud Storage, Hybrid computers on a shared network
Cloud Storage, Community Cloud Storage 4. LAPTOP
5. TABLET

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MST4: LIVING IN THE IT ERA

6. HAND-HELD COMPUTER EVOLUTION OF MEDIA

▪ a compact, portable device designed to perform
various computing tasks The media has transformed based on 2 things:
▪ features a touchscreen or physical keyboard, and
it can handle functions like notetaking 1. How information is presented
7. SMARTPHONE 2. How the connection is established
8. WEARABLE DEVICES
▪ electronic devices designed to be worn on the OVERVIEW OF CURRENT TREND
body
9. INFORMATION APPLIANCES Trend – refers to something hit or popular at a certain point of time
▪ Smart TV, Smart washing machines
1. AI-Generated Content: More platforms will utilize AI for creating
WHY COMPUTERS ARE POWERFUL articles, videos, and even music, leading to debates about originality
and ethics.
➢ Remarkable processing speed
➢ Accurate 2. Privacy and Data Protection: Increased regulations and user
➢ Reliable and consistent demand will drive social media platforms to enhance privacy features
➢ Aids communication and transparency.

Speed – data, information travel and instructions were done at 3. Immersive Technologies: AR and VR will become more
incredibly fast speed. The world’s fastest computer can perform mainstream in gaming and entertainment, offering users interactive
trillions of operations in one second. experiences.

Reliability & Consistency – dependable because they have a low 4. Interactive Streaming: Streaming platforms will explore more
failure rate. Computers produce consistent results interactive content, allowing viewers to influence storylines or
outcomes.
Accuracy – computers process large amounts of data and generate
error-free results, provided that the data entered is valid and 5. Sustainability in Tech: Companies will prioritize eco-friendly
instructions work properly. “Garbage in, garbage out”. The accuracy practices, focusing on reducing carbon footprints and promoting
of computer’s output depends on the accuracy of the input. sustainable hardware.

Communication – computers allow users to communicate with other 6. 5G Expansion: The fifth generation of mobile networks, 5G,
users or computers. A user is anyone who communicates and promises significantly faster data download and upload speeds, wider
interacts with a computer or makes use of the information it generates. coverage, and more stable connections. The expansion of 5G is
facilitating transformative technologies like IoT, augmented reality,
MEDIA, IMPACT OF ICT and autonomous vehicles by providing the high speed, low-latency
connections they require. This technology is crucial for enabling real-
MEDIA time communications and processing large amounts of data with
▪ refers to the means of communication that uses unique minimal delays, thereby supporting a new wave of technological
tools to interconnect among people innovation.
▪ refers to communication devices
▪ communication devices are used to interact with 7. Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart Cities: IoT technology in smart
communication and/or communication cities involves the integration of various sensors and devices that
▪ the forms of media include television, radio, cellular phones, collect data to manage assets, resources, and services efficiently.
and internet This includes monitoring traffic and public transport to reduce
congestion, using smart grids to optimize energy use, and
MEDIA IN THE DIGITAL AGE implementing connected systems for public safety and emergency
services. As cities continue to grow, IoT helps manage complexities
In the digital age, media can be considered as: and improve the living conditions of residents.

THE MESSAGE 8. Wearable Health Monitors: Advanced wearable devices now

continuously monitor various health metrics like heart rate, blood
▪ media is the message itself for those who create and own
pressure, and even blood sugar levels. These devices connect to
the rights of content
smartphones and use AI to analyze data, providing users with insights
into their health and early warnings about potential health issues. This
Example:
trend is driving a shift towards preventive healthcare and personalized
➢ Blog – web and log (blogger)
health insights.
➢ Microblog – instantly share limited content or short
messages (tumblr, twitter)
9. Blockchain Beyond Crypto: Initially developed for Bitcoin,
➢ Vlog – video blog (vlogger)
blockchain technology is finding new applications beyond
cryptocurrency. Industries are adopting blockchain for its ability to
THE MEDIUM
provide transparency, enhance security, and reduce fraud. Uses
▪ medium used refers to the tool or tools used in sending a include tracking the provenance of goods in supply chains, providing
message from the source to the destination tamper-proof voting systems, and managing secure medical records.

Example: 10. Advanced Robotics: Robotics technology has evolved to create

➢ news anchor delivering news on TV / radio machines that can perform complex tasks autonomously or with
➢ information dissemination through social media (twitter, fb) minimal human oversight. These robots are employed in various
sectors, including manufacturing, where they perform precision tasks,
THE MESSENGER healthcare as surgical assistants, and homes as personal aids. AI and
▪ the one who delivers the message machine learning advances are making robots even more capable
and adaptable.
Example:
➢ media “broadcasters”
➢ social media users

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MST4: LIVING IN THE IT ERA

HOW COMPUTERS INTERPRET DATA

1. From the keyboard, pressure pads are found underneath each key.
The pressure pad sends information to the CPU for processing, upon
typing a character.

2. The information is then transmitted in the form of 0’s and 1’s using
the ASCII code. ASCII – American Standard Code for Information
Interchange; is an 8-bit code used to represent letters, numbers, and
basic special characters.

3. The CPU determines what character has been typed and sends the
information (in 0’s and 1’s) to the computer monitor.
ICT improves education, access to information, and security.
However, it limits personal interaction and physical activity and poses 4. The monitor displays information in characters that is readable and
problems in employment and security. understandable by humans.

ETHICAL ISSUES IN ICT Computers interpret the letters, numbers and characters through a
series of 0’s and 1’s. This is done through the number system
PLAGIARISM conversion. Computer systems convert characters from the keyboard
▪ an act of theft in which a person copies another person’s and later display them on the monitor.
ideas, words, etc. and pass them off as his or her own

EXPLOITATION
▪ an action in which one deals with a person dishonestly,
unethically, and dishonorably, to take advantage of the
latter’s work or resources
▪ E.g. Sexual exploitation, data exploitation

LIBEL
▪ can either be an insult, slur or slander

SOFTWARE PIRACY
▪ refers to an act of installing or copying software into the
computer in the absence of EULA or producing a copy
disregarding copyright

COMPUTERS IN OUR DAILY LIFE

HOW COMPUTERS WORK

Computer programmers create programs/codes so that computer can
Machine Language – is the only language a computer is capable of do specific task. Machine codes are made “more human” by using
understanding (binary language/code). different levels of programming languages.

programmers – people who write programs/codes

programming/coding – writing programs

HOW COMPUTERS COMMUNICATE WITH ONE ANOTHER

SYSTEM BUS
▪ a pathway composed of cables and connectors used to
carry data from a computer’s peripheral devices to a
computer microprocessor and the main memory
The computer works with the aid of its basic parts. When a person
types on the computer’s keyboard, it is converted to a machine CONTROL BUS
language, that can be understood by the computers. ▪ carries the control, timing and coordination signals to
manage the various functions across the system

ADDRESS BUS
▪ used to specify memory locations for the data being
transferred

DATA BUS
▪ a bidirectional path, carries the actual data between the
processor, the memory and the peripherals

The system bus is a pathway composed of cables and connectors

used to carry data between a computer microprocessor and the main
memory. The bus provides a communication path for the data and
control signals moving between the major components of the
computer system. The bus system works by combining the functions
of the three main buses: namely, the data, address and control buses.
Each of the three buses has its separate characteristics and
responsibilities.

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MST4: LIVING IN THE IT ERA

Older wired connections:

• Video Graphics Array (VGA)
• Serial
• Parallel
• PS/2
• Audio jacks

Wireless communication - type of data communication that is

performed and delivered wirelessly, using wireless signal through
wireless communication technologies and devices. Includes
microwave transmission, satellite communication, cellular
transmission, radio transmission.

Popular wireless connections:

• Wireless fidelity (Wi-fi) – IEEE standard 802.11
• Bluetooth – IEEE standard 802.15

HOW HUMAN COMMUNICATE WITH COMPUTER

COMPUTER SOFTWARE
▪ is a collection of computer programs and related data that
TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORK SYSTEMS provides instructions for telling a computer what to do and
how to do it
▪ Any set of instructions that guides the hardware and tells
them how to accomplish each task

Humans can “communicate” with the computer through computer

software / programs.

Computer Programs – are a set of codes or instructions which are

usually designed and written by computer programmers using a
specific programming language.

Object-oriented programming – the most common type of

programming language used by programmers

MOST POPULAR AND BEST PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

Computers can communicate with one another over networks. A THAT WILL BE IN DEMAND IN 2024
computer network is an interconnection between two or more
computers. This interconnection gives computers the capability to 1. Javascript
share information and resources 2. Python
3. Go
Types of computer networks depend mostly on the number of 4. Java
computers in it, how they are used, and what type of technology is 5. Kotlin
used in its connectivity. 6. PHP
7. C#
1. Personal area network (PAN) – limited to an individual person and 8. Swift
his or her personal device. Devices must be within the range of 10 9. R
meters with each other. 10. Ruby
11. C and C++
2. Local area network (LAN) – connection between group of 12. Matlab
computers and other devices, such as network printers, sharing a 13. TypeScript
common communications line or wireless link to a server. Used in 14. Scala
houses, companies, schools or any other small area. 15. SQL
16. HTML
3. Metropolitan area network (MAN) – larger than LAN and smaller 17. CSS
that WAN, covering medium range areas. 18. NoSQL
19. Rust
4. Wide area network (WAN) – is a geographically distributed private 20. Perl
telecommunications network that interconnects multiple LANs and/ or
PANs and/or MANs or can be also made of several WANs. The TYPES OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE
internet can be considered a WAN
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
METHODS OF COMMUNICATION ▪ Also called operating system (OS), is the most important
software running on a computer since it manages both the
Wired communication - refers to the transmission of data over wire- computer hardware and software installed
based communication technology. Different types of cable are used
such as coaxial cables, fiber-optic cables, ethernet cables, and System software is computer software designed to operate computer
traditional telephone lines. hardware to provide basic functionality and to provide a platform for
running application software. Referring to the operating system and
Popular wired connections: all utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level,
• Universal Serial Bus (USB)
• Firewire The OS allows a person to interact with the computer – from the
• Ethernet cable hardware components and peripherals to all the installed software and
• High-definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) files stores on the computer. The interaction can be done by using the
OS command line or with a graphical user interface (GUI).

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MST4: LIVING IN THE IT ERA

APPLICATION SOFTWARE
▪ Consists of programs that are designed to perform specific
tasks for end-users
▪ A program or group of programs designed for end users
▪ Allows end users to accomplish one or more specific (non-
computer related) tasks

HOW COMPUTERS IMPACT EVERYDAY LIFE

Computers have contributed a lot to change our everyday life such as

letter to e-mail, market shopping to on-line shopping, classroom
learning to e-learning, etc. Computers include any communication
device or application, encompassing radio, television, cell phones,
computers, laptops, tablets, and network hardware and software, so
on. Computers also provide various services online and applications
associated with them.

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