VIDYA KAKSH INSTITUTE X: SCIENCE

… Orbit of Education
PRATEEK AGRAWAL SIR NOTES ELECTRICITY
1.Define: Electric Charge and Electric Current or Electricity?
Ans. Electric charge is a basic property of the particles of matter. The protons in an
atom, for example, have a positive charge, the electrons have a negative charge, and the
neutrons have zero charge. It is of 2 types: Positive & Negative. It is denoted by letter ‘Q’
and its S.I unit is ‘Coulomb’.
The rate of flow of charge is known as Electric Current. It is taken to be opposite to the
direction of electrons. It is denoted by letter ‘I’ and its S.I unit is Ampere. (I = Q/t)
2.Define 1 Coulomb of charge?
Ans. It is equivalent to charge contained in 6.25 x 1018 electrons.
3. Define 1 Ampere?
Ans. The current is said to be 1 ampere if 1 coulomb of charge is passing through a
point in one second.
4. What is an Ammeter?
Ans. It is a device that is used to measure the electric current. It is always connected in
Series & it has low resistance. It is denoted by letter ‘A’ in the circuit.
5.What is relationship between mA & A?
Ans. 1mA = 10-3A
6. Why Ammeter is connected in Series?
Ans. To measure the total current in the circuit and it has zero resistance.
7. Why Ammeter has low resistance?
Ans. So it may not change the value of current flowing in the circuit.
8.What is Electric Potential?
Ans. The amount of work done to move a unit positive charge from infinity to a point in
an electric field is known as Electric Potential.
9.What is Electric Potential difference/Potential difference?
Ans. The amount of work done to move a unit charge from point A to point B in an
electric circuit is known as Electric Potential difference. It is denoted by letter ‘V’ & its S.I
unit is Volt. (V=W/Q)
10.What is a Voltmeter?
Ans. It is a device that is used to measure the potential difference between two points in
the circuit. It is always connected in Parallel & it has high resistance. It is denoted by
letter ‘V’ in the circuit.
11. Define 1 volt?
Ans. The potential difference is said to be 1 Volt if one joule of work is done to move a
charge of 1 coulomb.
12.Why Voltmeter is connected in Parallel?
Ans. The voltage in parallel is always constant and also voltmeter is having high
resistance.
13. Why Voltmeter has high resistance?

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Ans. As it should not change the amount of current going through the element between
those two points. So, it should have very high resistance so that it doesn't "draw" current
through it.
14. **State “Ohm’s Law’?
Ans. According to Ohm’s law ‘At a given temperature, the amount of current passing
through conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across the two
terminals of the battery’.
Non – Ohmic conductors are those which do not follow the ohm’s law. For ex. Solar Cell,
bulb etc.
15. Derive the mathematical form & graphical form of the Ohm’s Law?
Ans. V∝I
V/I = Constant
V= IR
Graphical form is a graph of Voltage (on Y-axis) & Current (on X-axis) which is a straight
line.

16.**What does the slope of V-I graph indicate?

Ans. Resistance
17.**What is Resistance & Resistivity?
Ans. Resistance is the property of the conductor to oppose the flow of current.
Resistivity is the resistance offered by the conductor of unit length & unit cross section
area. Also, known as Specific Resistance
18.**Name the factors on which resistance depends?
Ans. (a) Length: Directly
(b) Thickness: Inversely
(c) Nature of Material
(d) Temperature: Directly

19. Name the factors on which resistivity depend?

Ans. (a) Nature of Material (b) Temperature: Directly
20.Define 1Ohm?
Ans. If the potential difference across the two ends of a conductor is 1 V and the current
through it is 1 A, then the resistance R, of the conductor is 1 Ω.
21. What is the range of the resistivity of Conductors & Insulators?
Ans. Conductors: 10-8 to 10-6 ohm metre ;
Insulators: 10 -to-10+17-ohm metre
+12

22.** Why tungsten is used as filament of the bulb?

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Ans. (a) The melting point of the tungsten is high and so it does not oxidize at high
temperatures.
(b) It has high resistance so that it becomes hot and starts glowing.
23.**Why alloys are used as the elements of the heating devices?
Ans. (a) The melting point of the alloys is high and so it does not oxidize at high
temperatures.
(b) It has high resistance and so it produces large amount of heat energy.
24.**What is the basic difference between the series & parallel combination of resistor?
Ans.(a) In series combination, the total resistance of the circuit increases whereas in
parallel combination, the total resistance of the circuit lowers down.
(b) In Series combination, the current in the circuit remains same but the potential
difference each resistor changes whereas in parallel combination, the current divides but
the p.d remain same.
25. (a)Derive the relation between series & parallel combination of resistor?
Ans. NCERT, Page- 209 , Topic No.-12.6 (Series : Voltage Divide ; Parallel : Current
Divide)
(b) Two identical wires, one of nichrome and other of copper are connected in series and
a current I is passed through them. State the change observed in the temperature of the
two wires. Justify the answer?
Ans. Due to the heating effect of the current, the temperatures of the two wires will rise.
The value of resistance R depends on the temperature of the conductor.
26.**What are the advantages of the parallel combination over series combination?
Ans.(a) In series combination, if one device breaks down then whole of the circuit
becomes dead whereas it is not in the case of parallel combination.
(b) In series combination, the potential difference across each device is difference
whereas in case of parallel combination, each device gets the same p.d as given by the
supply line.
(c) In series combination, each device does not get a separate switch to operate the
device but in case of parallel combination, each device can get a separate device.
(d) In series combination, the overall resistance of the circuit increases which decrease
the value of current where as it is not so in the case of parallel combination.
27.**Define Heating effect of Electric Current?
Ans. If the device is made purely resistive, the amount of current flowing in the circuit
gets converted into the heat energy.
28.What is Fuse? Give its role?
Ans. Fuse is a safety device that is used to protect the device from the larger current
flowing in the circuit. It is connected in series because it is used to beak the circuit in
case the excess of current flows through the circuit. It is made up of transparent case of
porcelain with silver metal ends &consist of metal wire of appropriate melting point.
29. Why the bulb is filled with inactive nitrogen & argon gas?
Ans. To increase the life of filament.
30. **Define Joule’s law of heating?
Ans. According to Joule’s law of heating, H = I2*R*t where Heat energy is directly
proportional to the:

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(a) Square of the current flowing in the circuit.
(b) Resistance offered by the conductor.
(c) Time for which current is flowing.
31. What is Electric Power?
Ans. Rate at which electric energy is consumed in an electric circuit. Thus, P = VI. Its S.I
unit is Watt.
32. Define Commercial Unit of Energy or 1KwH?
Ans. If a device of 1000W of device is operated for 1 hour, then the energy consumed by
the device is said to be 1kWh.
1kWh = 1000*3600 = 3600000= 3.6 * 106 J . It is also known as Unit.
33. Define 1 Watt of Electric Power?
Ans. It is power consumed by a device that carries 1A of current when operated at a
Potential Difference of 1 volt.
33. Mention the condition under which charges can move in a conductor.
Ans. Charge can flow in a conductor only when there is a potential difference between
two points in a circuit. Potential difference causes charge to flow. And,we can maintain
potential difference in circuit with the help of a battery or cell
34. Define the quantity that has the unit J/C
Ans. That is Define Voltage
35. Why is the resistance of a voltmeter generally kept very high?
Ans. A voltmeter measures the voltage difference between two different points (say, on
different sides of a resistor), but it should not change the amount of current going
through the element between those two points. So, it should have very high resistance
so that it doesn't "draw" current through it.
36. What sets the electrons into motion in an electric circuit?
Ans. Battery
37. Calculate the charge equivalent to 6 protons and 13 electrons combined together

Quantity S.I Unit Symbol List of Formula

Charge Coulomb (C) Q Q = N* e- (1e-=1.6 * 10-19 C)
Time Sec t I = Q/t
Current Ampere (A) I V=W/Q
Voltage
(Potential Volt (V) V V = IR (Ohm’s Law)
Difference)
Resistance Ohm R R = P*l/A & A= pi*r*r
Resistivity Ohm Metre P H = V*I*t
Heat Joule H H= I2*R*t
Work Joule W P = VI
Power Watt P P= I2*R (In series)
P = V2/R (In Parallel)

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