Grade: X Acids, Bases and Salts

Subject: Chemistry Half yearly worksheet

1.A substance ‘X’ is used as a building material and is insoluble in

water. When it reacts with dilute HCl, it produces a gas which turns
lime water milky.
a) Write the chemical name and formula of ‘X’.
b) Write chemical equations for the chemical reactions involved in
the above statements.
2. 1gm of solid sodium chloride was taken in a clean and dry test tube
and concentrated sulphuric acid was added to it.
a) Name the gas evolved in the reaction.
b) What will be observed when this gas is tested with (i) dry, and
(ii) wet litmus paper?
c) Write your conclusion about the nature (acidic/basic) of this gas.
3. A chemical compound ‘X’ is used in the soap and glass industry. It
is prepared from the brine.
a) Write the chemical name, common name and chemical formula
of ‘X’.
b) Write the chemical equations involved in its preparation from
sodium hydrogen carbonate.
c) What happens when it is treated with water containing Ca or
Mg salts?
4. You are provided with 90 mL of distilled water and 10mL of
concentrated sulphuric acid to prepare dilute sulphuric acid.
a) What is the correct way of preparing dilute sulphuric acid? Give
a reason.
b) How will the concentration of H3O+ ions change on dilution?
5. Rajesh was given a substance and asked to identify it. He
conducted three tests on the substance and recorded the results
below.
 (A) It releases carbon dioxide, water and a sodium salt on heating
with water.
(B) It turns the universal Indicator greenish-blue.
(C) It can be prepared from ammonia as a raw material.
Based on the above observations, answer the following questions:
a) What substance was Rajesh given?
b) Give ONE use of the substance based on the properties
mentioned in P and Q.
c) Rajesh later read that recrystallisation of the sodium salt
formed in P gives another basic salt that is used in manufacture
of borax.
Identify the sodium salt formed in P.
6. Explain the formation of the given salts with one example.
a) Acidic b) basic c) neutral
7. A cloth strip dipped in onion juice is used for testing a liquid ‘X’.
The liquid ‘X’ changes its odour. Which type of indicator is onion
juice? The liquid ‘X’ turns blue litmus red. List the observations the
liquid ‘X’ will show on reacting with the following:
(a) Zinc granules (b) Solid sodium carbonate.
Write the chemical equations for the reactions involved?
8. Answer the following:
a) While electrolysing water before passing the current some
drops of an acid are added. Why ?
b) Name the gases liberated at cathode and anode.
c) Write the relationship between the volume of gas collected at
anode and the volume of gas collected at cathode.
d) What is observed when silver chloride is exposed to sunlight ?
e) Give the type of reaction involved.
9. In one of the industrial processes used for manufacture of sodium
hydroxide, a gas X is formed as a by -product. The gas X reacts with
lime water to give a compound Y which is used as a bleaching agent
in the chemical industry.
a) Identify X and Y .
b) Give the chemical equations of the reactions involved.
10. Two solutions M and N give Red and Blue colour respectively
with a
universal indicator.
a) In which solution will the hydrogen ton concentration be more?
Justify your answer.
b) If both M and N solutions are mixed and the resultant mixture
is tested with a universal indicator, it turns green. What is the
nature of the salt formed? Justify your answer.

Metals and Non-metals

1. An ore on treatment with dilute hydrochloric acid produces brisk

effervescence to produce a colourless and odourless gas.
a) Name the type of ore with one example.
b) What steps will be required to obtain metal from the enriched
ore?
c) Write the chemical equations for the reaction involved in this
process.
2. Explain the formation of Calcium Chloride with the help of
electron dot structure. (Atomic numbers: Ca-20, Cl-17)
3. An element ‘A’ burns with a golden flame in the air. It reacts with
another element ‘B’, atomic number 17 to give product ‘C’. An
aqueous solution of product ‘C’ gives a compound ‘D’ and liberates
hydrogen.
a) Identify A,B,C and D.
b) Write down the reactions involved.
4. Why do ionic compounds not conduct electricity in solid state but
conduct electricity in molten and aqueous state?
5. Give reasons:
a) Carbonate and sulphide ores are usually converted into oxides
during the process of extraction.
b) Aluminium is a highly reactive metal, still it is widely used in
making cooking utensils.
c) Ionic compounds have high melting points.
d) Lithium, Sodium and Potassium are stored under oil.
e) Carbon can reduce copper oxide to copper but not CaO to Ca.
 f) On placing a piece of zinc metal in a solution of mercuric
chloride, it acquires a shining silvery surface but when it is
placed in a solution of magnesium sulphate, no change is
observed.
g) Zinc oxide is an amphoteric oxide.
h) In the reactions of nitric acid with metals, generally hydrogen
gas is not evolved.
6. Write balanced chemical equations to explain what happens when
a) Cinnabar is heated in the presence of air.
b) Manganese dioxide is heated with aluminium powder.
c) Calcium metal reacts with water.
d) Mixture of cuprous oxide and cuprous sulphide is heated.
e) Ferric oxide is reduced with aluminium.
7. State giving reason for the change in appearance observed when
each of the following metal is exposed to atmospheric air for some
time:
a) Silver b) Copper c) Iron
8. Study the experimental set-up shown in the diagram,

a) Write a chemical equation for the chemical reaction involved.

b) Name and define the type of reaction.
c) List two other metals which can be used in place of iron to show
the same type of reaction with copper sulphate solution.
9. A reddish-brown metal 'X', when heated in air, gives a black
compound 'Y', which when heated in presence of H₂ gas gives 'X'
back. 'X' is refined by the process of electrolysis; this refined form of
'X' is used in electrical wiring.
a) Identify 'X' and 'Y'.
b) Draw a well-labelled diagram to represent the process of
refining 'X'.
10. Answer the following:
a) Define the terms ‘alloy’ and ‘amalgum’.
b) Name the alloy used for welding electrical wires together. What
are its constituents.
c) Name the constituents of the following alloys:
(i) Brass (ii) Stainless steel (iii) Bronze
d) State one property in each of these alloys, which is different
from its main constituents.

Carbon and its compounds

1.Give reason why carbon can neither form C+4 cations nor C-4 anions
but form covalent compounds.
2. What is homologous series of carbon compound? Give an example
and three characteristics.
3. Write the molecular formula of any two consecutive members of
homologous series of aldehydes.
4. What is methane? Draw it's electron dot structure. Name the type
of bonds formed in this compound.
5. Write any two similarities and differences between cyclohexane
and benzene.
Also draw their structures by mentioning their chemical formulae.
6.What are hydrocarbons? Give one example.
7.List two properties by virtue of which carbon can form a large
number of compounds?
8. What is meant by the functional group in carbon compounds?
Write in a tabular form the structural formula and the functional
group present in the following compounds:
a) Ethanol b) Propanoic acid c) Butanone
9. Write the general formula for homologous series of alkanes,
alkenes and alkynes and draw the structure of the first member of
each series of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.
10.Why are most carbon compounds poor conductors of electricity?
11. Show the covalent bond formation in Oxygen and Nitrogen
molecules.
12. a) What is meant by isomers?
b) Draw the structures of two isomers of butane, C4H10.
c) Explain why we cannot have isomers of first three members of
alkane series.
13. a) Write the IUPAC names of the given compounds and identify
the functional group.

(i) Cl–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH3

(ii) CH3–CH2–OH

(iii) CH3–CH=CH–CH3

(iv) CH3 – CH2 – CH2 —COOH

b) Draw the structures of the given compounds.

(i) Propanone

(ii) Ethyne

(iii) Hexanal

(iv) Pentane

14. “Two different forms of carbon - diamond and graphite have

different structures and very different physical properties even
though their chemical properties are the same.” Explain why.
15. List four differences between the properties exhibited by covalent
compounds and ionic compounds.