Lower Limb 2.Pptx (Repaired)

THE THIGH
 Skin
 Superficialfascia
 Deep fascia
 Muscles
Superficial Fascia
•The superficial fascia of the anterior abdominal wall extends

downward to the front of the thigh. it is formed of 2 layers; superficial
fatty layer and deep membranous layer.
•The fatty layer of the superficial fascia on the anterior abdominal wall
extends into the thigh and continues down over the lower limb without
interruption .
•The membranous layer of the superficial fascia of the anterior abdominal

wall extends into the thigh and is attached to the deep fascia of the thigh
(fascia lata) about a fingerbreadth below the inguinal ligament .
•The superficial fascia contains :

Superficial inguinal vessels, superficial inguinal lymph nodes and great saphenous
vein.
Definition: Fascia lata is a tough fibrous sheet which encloses the
whole of the thigh like a sleeve.
Attachment:
(A) Superiorly: It is attached anteriorly to the inguinal ligament;
laterally to the iliac crest; posteriorly to the sacrum, coccyx and
sacrotuberous ligament; and medially to the pubis, pubic arch and
ischial tuberosity.
(B) Inferiorly: To the front and sides of the knee (femur, tibia, patella
and fibula).
Thickness: The fascia lata is thickened laterally to form the iliotibial

tract (extending from tubercle of iliac crest to lat. condyle of tibia).
The deep facia of the thigh represents some important features which are:
•The intermuscular septa (3, attached to linea aspra).
•The saphenous opening.
•The ilio tibial tract.
Intermuscular septa
Three intermuscular septa extend from the deep fascia to the linea
aspera and divide the thigh into 3 compartments
(1) Lateral intermuscular septum:

• Extends from the lateral lip of the linea aspera to the ilio tibial tract.
• It separates the anterior from the posterior compartment of the thigh.
(2) Medial intermuscular septum:
• Extends from the medial lip of the linea aspera to the deep facia on
the medial side.
• Separates the anterior from the medial compartment of the thigh.
(3) Posterior intermuscular septum:
• Extends from the medial lip of the linea aspera to the deep facia on
the posterior side.
• Separates the medial from the posterior compartment of the thigh.
• It is poorly defined.
COMPARTMENTS OF THE THIGH
1- Anterior compartment:
 muscles: sartorius, iliacus, psoas major and quadriceps
femoris.
 Blood supply: femoral artery.
 Nerve supply: femoral nerve.
2- Medial compartment :
 muscles: gracilis, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis,
 adductor magnus and obturator externus.
 Blood supply: obturator and profunda femoris arteries.
 Nerve supply: obturator nerve.

3-Posterior compartment:
 muscles: biceps femoris, semitendinosus and
semimembranosus (hamstring).
 Blood supply: branches from profunda femoris artery.
 Nerve supply: sciatic nerve.

Muscles of the front of the
thigh
Sartorius
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Sartorius muscle:
Origin: anterior superior
iliac spine.
Insertion: upper part of
medial surface of tibia.
Nerve supply: Femoral n.
Action: 1- flexion,
abduction and lateral
rotation of hip.
2- flexion and medial
rotation of knee.
Iliacus muscle:
Origin: iliac fossa.
Insertion: join iliopsoas tendon to
be inserted in lesser trochanter of
femur.
Nerve supply: Femoral n.
Action: flexion and medial rotation
of thigh. ( when the thigh fixed?
Flexion of trunk)
Psoas major muscle:
Origin: transverse processes and
bodies of all lumber v., body of last
thoracic v. and intervertebral discs.
Insertion: iliopsoas tendon.
Nerve supply: lumber plexus.
Action: flexion of thigh on trunk. (
when the thigh fixed? Flexion of
trunk)
PECTINEUS
Origin: From the pectineal
surface of the superior pubic
ramus.
Insertion: The muscle fibers
pass downward, backward and
laterally and attached to the
posterior surface of the femur
between the lesser trochanter and
linea aspera.
Nerve supply: Femoral nerve.
Action: Flexion and adduction
of the hip joint.
QUADRICEPS FEMORIS MUSCLE
Parts
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
QUADRICEPS FEMORIS MUSCLE:
 The large quadriceps femoris muscle consists of three vastus
muscles (vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and vastus
lateralis) and the rectus femoris muscle. which have a common
tendon of insertion into the patella.
 Origin: 1. Rectus femoris: arises by 2 heads, Straight head

from anterior inferior iliac spine and reflected head from outer
surface of ilium above the acetabulum.
2. Vastus lateralis: arises from a line extending from
Intertrochanteric line, root of greater trochanter, lateral border
of gluteal tuberosity and lateral lip of linea aspra.
3. Vastus medialis: arises from a line extending from lower ½ of
intertrochanteric line, spiral line, medial lip of linea aspra and
medial supracondylar line.
4. Vastus intermedius: arises from the upper 2/3 of the anterior
and lateral surfaces of the shaft of the femur.
Insertion: All attach first to
the patella by the
quadriceps femoris tendon
and then to the tibia by the
patellar ligament (which
extends from apex of patella
to tibial tuberosity).
Lateral and medial patellar
ligaments: these are
extensions from vastus
lateralis and medialis to the
capsule of knee joint.
Nerve supply: Femoral
nerve
 Action: 1- The whole muscle: extension of knee and strengthen
its capsule(by retinacula).
2- The tone of the quadriceps muscle greatly strengthens the
knee joint.
3- Rectus femoris: flexion of hip.
Articularis genu muscle:
It is a tiny muscle (articularis genus) originates from the femur just
inferior to the origin of the vastus intermedius and inserts into
the synovial membrane of knee joint suprapatellar bursa
associated with the knee joint .This articular muscle, which is
often part of the vastus intermedius muscle, pulls the synovial
membrane from the knee joint during extension.
Articularis genu

Lower Limb 2.Pptx (Repaired)

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THE THIGH

•The superficial fascia of the anterior abdominal wall extends

•The membranous layer of the superficial fascia of the anterior abdominal

•The superficial fascia contains :

Thickness: The fascia lata is thickened laterally to form the iliotibial

(1) Lateral intermuscular septum:

 Nerve supply: femoral nerve.

 adductor magnus and obturator externus.

 Blood supply: obturator and profunda femoris arteries.

 Nerve supply: obturator nerve.

 Nerve supply: sciatic nerve.

 Origin: 1. Rectus femoris: arises by 2 heads, Straight head

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