NATIONAL

SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 11

NOVEMBER 2020

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2
MARKING GUIDELINE
(EXEMPLAR)

MARKS: 150

This marking guideline consists of 9 pages.

2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020)

SECTION A

QUESTION 1

1.1 1.1.1 A 

1.1.2 C 

1.1.3 B 

1.1.4 C 

1.1.5 B 

1.1.6 C 

1.1.7 C 

1.1.8 A 

1.1.9 D 

1.1.10 D  (10 x 2) (20)

1.2 1.2.1 H 
1.2.2 E 
1.2.3 F 
1.2.4 B 
1.2.5 A  (5 x 2) (10)

1.3 1.3.1 Transpirational pull 

1.3.2 Fertiliser 
1.3.3 Pollination 
1.3.4 Integrated Pest Management 
1.3.5 Green house  (5 x 2) (10)

1.4 1.4.1 Diffusion 

1.4.2 Germination 
1.4.3 Monoculture 
1.4.4 Aquaculture 
1.4.5 Survey  (5 x 1) (5)

TOTAL SECTION A: 45

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 3

SECTION B

QUESTION 2: PLANT STUDIES (NUTRITION)

2.1 2.1.1 Process represented by the chemical equation

Photosynthesis  (1)

2.1.2 Compound B
Glucose  (1)

2.1.3 Plant organs where compound B is found

 Leaves 
 Stems 
 Roots 
 Tubers 
 Bulbs  (Any 2) (2)

2.1.4 Methods of speeding up the rate of photosynthesis

 Use of greenhouses 
 Pruning 
 Trellising systems 
 Using optimum plant density  (Any 2) (2)

2.2 2.2.1 Functions of water in plants

 Provides mechanical rigidity to cells 
 Important in chemical reactions 
 A universal solvent 
 It serves as a transport medium 
 Temperature regulation  (Any 2) (2)

2.2.2 Adaptation of the plant to reduce transpiration rate

 Leaves are reduced 
 Photosynthesis occurs on stems 
 Stems store water 
 Stems are shiny to reflect heat waves and reduce
transpiration  (Any 3) (3)

2.2.3 Consequences of lack of adaptations to reduce water loss

 Plant cannot carry out metabolism due to lack water 
 Failure to regulate temperature 
 Failure to transport minerals and products of
photosynthesis 
 Wilting 
 Senescence  (Any 2) (2)

2.3 2.3.1 Classification of inorganic fertiliser

Inorganic fertiliser  (1)

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4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020)

2.3.2 Examples of phosphorus fertilisers

 Superphosphate / mono-calcium phosphate 
 Raw/rock phosphate  (2)

2.3.3 Percentage nitrogen in a fertiliser bag

N = 280 g/1 000 g x 100 
= 28%  (2)

2.3.4 Evidence of state regulation of fertiliser production

 Registration number 
 Act number 36 of 1947  (2)

2.4 2.4.1 Identification of structure C

Transport protein  (1)

2.4.2 Identification of transport mechanisms

A – Passive uptake 
B – Active uptake  (2)

2.4.3 Motivation of answers to QUESTION 2.4.2

 A does not require energy in the form of ATP while in B energy
is required 
OR
 In A movement is along concentration gradient  while in B
movement is against concentration gradient  (2)

2.5 2.5.1 Basal application (1)

2.5.2 Broadcasting  (1)
2.5.3 Foliar application  (1)
2.5.4 Band placing  (1)
2.5.5 Fertigation  (1)

2.6 2.6.1 Deduction of an advantage of green manuring

Soil conservation  (1)

2.6.2 Explanation of the advantage of using leguminous plants

Legumes form a mutually symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing
bacteria,  which improve the nitrogen content of the soil. 

OR

Legumes are rich in proteins  upon being ploughed under as green

manures they are decomposed by microbes to nitrogen containing
compounds increasing the soil’s nitrogen content.  (2)

2.6.3 Advantages of green manuring

 Reduces soil erosion 
 Improves soil fertility 
 Improves soil structure  (Any 2) (2)
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(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 5

QUESTION 3: PLANT REPRODUCTION AND PROTECTION

3.1 3.1.1 Name of plant propagation method

Grafting  (1)

3.1.2 Labelling
A – scion 
B – rootstock  (2)

3.1.3 Advantages of plant propagation method in QUESTION 3.1.1.

 Fruit trees can be produced with several varieties 
 The appearance or form of a plant can be changed 
 An undesirable trait can be corrected 
 The scion can be grafted onto a healthier rootstock with a more
vigorous root system  (Any 2) (2)

3.1.4 Examples of fruit trees propagated using grafting in South

Africa
 Oranges 
 Lemons 
 Nartjie 
 Grapes 
 Macadamia 
 Avocado 
 Nectarines 
 Apples  (Any 2) (2)

3.2 3.2.1 Name of phenomenon described in the passage

Ablactation  (1)

3.2.2 Biological cause of ablactation in the passage

Inadequate pollination/thrips  (1)

3.2.3 Climatic causes of ablactation

 Frost 
 Excessive rain 
 Wind  (Any 2) (2)

3.2.4 Methods of protecting crops from climatic factors mentioned

in QUESTION 3.2.3
Frost – tunnels/greenhouses/mulching 
Excessive rain – greenhouses/tunnels 
Wind – Shade houses/wind breaks/greenhouses/tunnels  (Any 2) (2)

3.3. Matching propagation methods with appropriate plant

3.3.1 cuttings  (1)
3.3.2 bulbs  (1)
3.3.3 tubers  (1)
3.3.4 rhizomes  (1)
3.3.5 runners  (1)

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6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020)

3.4 3.4.1 Meaning of acronym GMO

Genetically Modified Organism  (1)

3.4.2 Advantage of GM technology mentioned in the passage

Production of herbicide resistant plants  (1)

3.4.3 Other methods of plant improvement in addition to GM

technology
 Selection 
 Hybridisation 
 Mutation  (Any 2) (2)

3.5 3.5.1 Environmental conditions that lead to rapid multiplication of

pathogens
 Monocultures 
 High planting densities 
 High humidity 
 High temperatures  (Any 2) (2)

3.5.2 Micro-organisms that cause diseases

 Viruses 
 Bacteria 
 Fungi  (Any 2) (2)

3.5.3 Measures for preventing spread of plant diseases

 Remove all weeds 
 Avoid overcrowding plants 
 Use disease resistant varieties 
 Practise intercropping 
 Disinfect pruning tools 
 Practise crop rotation  (Any 2) (2)

3.6 3.6.1 Matching insects with the statements given

(a) – A 
(b) – C 
(c) – B  (3)

3.6.2 Advantages of using the pest control method in

QUESTION 3.6.1. (c)
 Not harmful to the environment 
 No need to purchase expensive chemical pesticides  (2)

3.6.3 Non-chemical pest control methods

 Crop rotation 
 Biological control 
 Intercropping 
 Mechanical control 
 Burning  (Any 2) (2)
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(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 7

QUESTION 4: OPTIMAL RESOURCE UTILISATION

4.1 4.1.1 Identification of drainage layouts

A – Grid system 
B – Herringbone system  (2)

4.1.2 Letter for the drainage layout which can be used in the given
cases
(a) B 
(b) C 
(c) A  (3)

4.1.3 Factors farmers should consider when installing pipe drainage

systems
 Pipe diameter 
 Depth of drains 
 Drain slope  (Any 2) (2)

4.2 4.2.1 Example of a primary tillage implement

 Plough 
 Ripper  (Any 1) (1)

4.2.2 Main aim of secondary tillage

 To break clumps of soil left by primary tillage implements  (1)

4.2.3 Differentiate between primary and secondary cultivation

Primary tillage tends to produce a rough surface finish  whereas
secondary tillage tends to produce a smoother surface finish.  (2)

4.3 4.3.1 Identification of instruments A and B

A – Tensiometer 
B – Class A evaporation pan  (2)

4.3.2 Advantages of irrigation scheduling

 Minimises crop water stress 
 Reduces the farmer’s cost of water and labour 
 Minimises waterlogging problems 
 Increases crop yields and quality  (Any 2) (2)

4.3.3 Sources of water for irrigation

 Lakes / dams 
 Permanent rivers / streams 
 Aquifers / springs / boreholes  (2)

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8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020)

4.4 4.4.1 Identification of the farming system

Precision farming  (1)

4.4.2 Identify a piece of equipment which plays a central role in the

farming system in the scenario
GPS  (1)

4.4.3 Deduction of TWO advantages of the system

 Allows the farmer to compare harvest information and identify
poor spots in lands 
 Allows the farmer to see exactly how much has been harvested
from specific areas in the land  (Any 2) (2)

4.4.4 Other pieces of equipment required for successful

implementation of precision farming
 GIS maps 
 Computers 
 Satellites  (Any 2) (2)

4.5 4.5.1 Table showing the response of a farmer’s crop to two

watering regimes
Maize yield (t)
Year
Rainfed Irrigated
2010 80 90
2011 120 140
2012 80 82
2013 60 80
2014 90 110

Marking checklist
 Title 
 Units (t) 
 Correct rainfed yields 
 Correct irrigated yields 
 Correct years 
 Accuracy  (6)

4.5.2 Water delivery method which results in higher yields

Irrigation  (1)

4.5.3 Justification for answer to QUESTION 4.5.2

Irrigated fields had higher yields than rainfed fields over the
5 years  (1)

4.5.4 Prediction of what could have caused the results in 2012

There were sufficient rains in 2012.  As a result, there were no
significant differences between irrigated and rainfed fields.  (2)

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 9

4.5.5 Challenges that limit the widespread adoption of irrigation

systems
 Lack of water sources 
 Cost of installation and maintenance of the irrigation
systems 
 Lack of knowledge required to run and maintain the irrigation
systems  (Any 2) (2)
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TOTAL SECTION B: 105

GRAND TOTAL: 150

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