I Grammar

Modals: present and future

1 SPEAKING Work in pairs. What cultural problems do 5 Read the Learn this! box. Then find examples of the
people face when they travel abroad? rules in the text in exercise 2.

2 Read the text . Which is the best piece of advice in I LEARN THIS ? Possibility, probability and certainty
your opinion ? Why? 1 We use may / might / could + infinitive to talk about
the possibility of something happening.
Going travelling? Read our tips and you
should fit right in. 2 We use should + infinitive to say that something will
probably happen, in our opinion.
Travelling can be lonely , so pack some favounte
photos or music. You ought to plan to keep in touch
3 We use must + infinitive to express certainty and
with friends and family regularly too . can't + infinitive to express impossibility.
4 We use be able to + infinitive for future possibility.
You can ' t learn everything about where you ' re
visiting, but you may find it helps to read about the 5 We use can + infinitive and could + infinitive for
history and culture - especially in regards to local general truths or strong possibilities.
customs , so you understand what you ' re supposed
to do {and what you ' re not supposed to do ) in
different circumstances . 6 Complete the text with verbs from the Learn this! box.
Explore the shops and restaurants and try
the local food - you might love it !
I'm realty looking forward to rr trip to Pa Nang in Tuty .
You don ' t have to be fluent but you must try to learn some key
^
The sightseeing' section of the guidebook is realty long, so there
phrases or do a language course before you go. You 'll be able 1
be a lot to see ! The problem is, we 2
to find a wide variety of online language courses so there must
possibty visit all the sights in three da s. I'm not sure et, but we
be one in the language you need . ^ ^
have another holiday in the autumn, so we might
You mustn ' t disregard local laws and regulations . Make sure go bacfc. Apparently Pa Nang 5 9&t
to abide by them. very hot and crowded in the summer, but l thinK it 6
be cooler and less busy later in the ear - so ma be that's a good
3 Complete the Learn this ! box with the verbs below. Then time to return. ^ ^
find examples of the rules in the text in exercise 2.
be supposed to don't have to, don' t peed to and need n 't amr lar Builder 3.2 pages 120-121
must and have to mustn' t should amought, to IxJ
7 USE OF ENGLISH Rewrite the sentences using the words
LEARN THI ; Advice, obligation and necessity in brackets.
\ i /
11 We use to give advice.
1 Td recommend buying a phrase book (should) ,
2 We use for obligation, strong advice or
You should buy a phrase book.
possibility.
2 Should we leave a tip ? (supposed)
3 We use to say that something isn' t
3 They won' t let you enter the temple in shorts (mustn' t) ,
allowed or for strong negative advice.
4 It doesn' t matter if you don' t speak Japanese (need) ,

4 We use _ to express lack of obligation or 5 He' ll have no problem making friends, in my opinion ,

necessity. (shouldn' t)
5 We use to talk about rules and also 6 There's a chance it will rain while we're away (could) ,

about what people believe or expect. 7 Look at the map; this is definitely the right road ! (must)
8 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Use modal verbs and agree
• Grammar Builder 3.1 page 120 on how a visitor to your country should behave in these
4 Choose the correct verbs to complete the sentences. situations.
1 You mustn't / needn't eat noisily; it 's rude. 1 Goingfor dinner in a restaurant
2 We must / are supposed to arrive by 10 o'clock, but we 2 Being invited to a friend's parents' house
can be a bit late. 3 Visiting a religious building
3 Guests don't have to / shouldn't check out till midday. 4 Going to the beach
4 You're supposed to / You must take off your shoes, but
You don't have to dress smartly to go to most
it doesn' t matter if you forget.
restaurants, but you should leave a tip of about 10%.
5 You ought to / don't need to try some of the local dishes.

Unit 3 Customs and culture