Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 3 views

    ???????.?? 5

    Uploaded by

    kishorejahan498

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    ???????.?? 5

    Uploaded by

    kishorejahan498
    3 views9 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3 views9 pages

    ???????.?? 5

    Uploaded by

    kishorejahan498

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    𝕌𝕟𝕚𝕥 – 5

    𝐴𝑙𝑘𝑎𝑙𝑖 & 𝐴𝑙𝑘𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒


    𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝑀𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑠
    𝐴𝑙𝑘𝑎𝑙𝑖 𝑀𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑠 :
    𝑼𝒔𝒆𝒔 𝑶𝒇 𝑨𝒍𝒌𝒂𝒍𝒊 𝑴𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒍𝒔 :
    𝑳𝒊𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒊𝒔 𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒐 𝒎𝒂𝒌𝒆 𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒇𝒖𝒍 𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒚𝒔 . 𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝒆𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒅 𝒕𝒐 𝒎𝒂𝒌𝒆
    𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒇𝒖𝒍 ‘ 𝑾𝒉𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝑴𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒍 ’ 𝒃𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒔 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒎𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒔, 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒕𝒐 𝒎𝒂𝒌𝒆 𝒂𝒊𝒓𝒄𝒓𝒂𝒇𝒕
    𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒔 , 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒎𝒂𝒈𝒏𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒕𝒐 𝒎𝒂𝒌𝒆 𝒂𝒓𝒎𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 . 𝑰𝒕 𝒊𝒔 𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒐𝒏𝒖𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔

    𝑺𝒐𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒊𝒔 𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒐 𝒎𝒂𝒌𝒆 𝑵𝒂/𝑷𝒃 𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒚 𝒏𝒆𝒆𝒅𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒐 𝒎𝒂𝒌𝒆 𝑷𝒃(𝑬𝒕)4 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑷𝒃(𝑴𝒆)4.
    𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒆 𝒐𝒓𝒈𝒂𝒏𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒔 𝒘𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒍𝒊𝒆𝒓 𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒂𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊-𝒌𝒏𝒐𝒄𝒌 𝒂𝒅𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒆𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒍 ,
    𝑩𝒖𝒕 𝒏𝒐𝒘𝒂𝒅𝒂𝒚𝒔 𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒅-𝒇𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒑𝒆𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒍 𝒊𝒏 𝒖𝒔𝒆 .
    𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒐𝒏𝒖𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 :

    𝑳𝒊𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒅 𝒔𝒐𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒊𝒔 𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒂𝒔 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒊𝒏 𝒇𝒂𝒔𝒕 𝑨 𝒏𝒖𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝒇𝒖𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒔
    𝑩𝒓𝒆𝒆𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝑵𝒖𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔 . 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒕𝒘𝒐 𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒄 𝒏𝒖𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒊 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒂𝒕
    𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒍𝒚 𝒉𝒊𝒈𝒉 𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒇𝒖𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒐
    𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒆𝒓 𝒏𝒖𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒖𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒓𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂
    𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆 𝒂𝒎𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚 .
    𝑳𝒊𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒊𝒔 𝒂𝒍𝒔𝒐 𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒐 𝒎𝒂𝒌𝒆 𝑬𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑪𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔 .

    [ 𝑨 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒄𝒂𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒕 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚 ] .

    𝑷𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒉𝒂𝒔 𝒂 𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒓𝒐𝒍𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒃𝒊𝒐𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒚𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒔. 𝑷𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒄𝒉𝒍𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒊𝒔


    𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒂𝒔 𝒂 𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒛𝒆𝒓.

    𝑷𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒉𝒚𝒅𝒓𝒐𝒙𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒊𝒔 𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒖𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒇𝒕 𝒔𝒐𝒂𝒑. 𝑰𝒕 𝒊𝒔 𝒂𝒍𝒔𝒐


    𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒂𝒔 𝒂𝒏 𝒆𝒙𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒂𝒃𝒔𝒐𝒓𝒃𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒃𝒐𝒏 𝒅𝒊𝒐𝒙𝒊𝒅𝒆.
    𝑪𝒂𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒊𝒔 𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑷𝒉𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄 𝑪𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔.

    [ 𝑷𝒉𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄 𝑪𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒔 𝒍𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍


    𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚. ]
    𝑩𝒊𝒐𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇

    𝒔𝒐𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒖𝒎 :

    𝑴𝒐𝒏𝒐𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒔𝒐𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒊𝒏


    𝒃𝒊𝒐𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒇𝒍𝒖𝒊𝒅𝒔. 𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒆 𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎 𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒃𝒊𝒐𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒔𝒖𝒄𝒉 𝒂𝒔
    𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒃𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒆 𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒔𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 . 𝑨 𝒕𝒚𝒑𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 70 𝒌𝒈
    𝒎𝒂𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒔 𝒂𝒃𝒐𝒖𝒕 90 𝒈 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 170 𝒈 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉
    𝒐𝒏𝒍𝒚 5 𝒈 𝒐𝒇 𝒊𝒓𝒐𝒏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 0.06 𝒈 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒓.
    𝑺𝒐𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅 𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒍𝒚 𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔 , 𝒃𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅
    𝒊𝒏 𝒃𝒍𝒐𝒐𝒅 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒎𝒂 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒇𝒍𝒖𝒊𝒅 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒉 𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔. 𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒆 𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔
    𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄i𝒑𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒆 𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒔 , 𝒊𝒏 𝒓𝒆𝒈𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝒐𝒇 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓
    𝒂𝒄𝒓𝒐𝒔𝒔 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 𝒎𝒆𝒎𝒃𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒖𝒈𝒂𝒓𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒂𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒐 𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒅𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔.
    𝑺𝒐𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒖𝒎, 𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒈𝒉 𝒔𝒐 𝒔𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚 , 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓 𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒚 𝒊𝒏
    𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒊𝒓 𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 𝒎𝒆𝒎𝒃𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒆𝒔 , 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒊𝒓 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕 𝒎𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒔𝒎𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒊𝒏
    𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒊𝒓 𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 𝒕𝒐 𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒆𝒏𝒛𝒚𝒎𝒆𝒔. 𝑻𝒉𝒖𝒔 , 𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒎𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝒂𝒃𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒏𝒕
    𝑪𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒏 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 𝒇𝒍𝒖𝒊𝒅𝒔 , 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒚 𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒚 𝒆𝒏𝒛𝒚𝒎𝒆𝒔 , 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒑𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆
    𝒐𝒙𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒈𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆 𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒆 𝑨𝑻𝑷 𝒂𝒏𝒅 , 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒔𝒐𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 , 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒆
    𝑻𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒆 𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒔 .

    . 𝑺𝒐𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 - 𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒑𝒖𝒎𝒑 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒚 𝒂𝒏 𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒓𝒐𝒍𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒎𝒊𝒕𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒆 𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒔


    𝑺𝒐𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 - 𝑷𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝑷𝒖𝒎𝒑 :
    𝑹𝒐𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒐𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒑𝒖𝒎𝒑 :

    𝑺𝒐𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒑𝒖𝒎𝒑 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒎𝒐𝒗𝒆 𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒍𝒆
    𝒔𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒆𝒐𝒖𝒔𝒍𝒚 𝒎𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒔𝒐𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 .
    𝑻𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒀𝒐𝒖

    You might also like