Math Review 10 19 24

MATH IN THE MODERN WOLRD
SPY- SAN JOSE DE MINDANAO SEMINARY, CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY

REVIEW & MASTERY ACTIVITY
OCT. 19, 2024
FOCUS:
FACTORING POLYNOMIALS & ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS IN WORD PROBLEMS
Part I. FACTORING POLYNOMIALS
Factoring a polynomial is the opposite process of multiplying polynomials. It is a process of writing a

polynomial as a product of other polynomials. The factors of 4 x −8 x are4 x ( x−2 ) .
2
Types of factoring
1. Removing common factors : ax +ay =a ( x + y )
2. Factoring Difference of two squares : x 2 − y 2= ( x − y )( x + y )
3. Factoring a Perfect square trinomial : x 2 −2 xy + y 2 =( x− y ) ( x− y )= ( x − y )2
x 2 +2 xy + y 2 =( x+ y )( x + y )=( x + y )2
4. Factoring Sum and Difference of two cubes: x + y =( x + y ) ( x −xy + y )
3 3 2 2
x 3 − y 3 =( x− y ) ( x 2 + xy + y 2 )
5. Factoring Trinomial by trial and error : x 2 + ( a+b ) x+ ac=( x +a )( x +b )
acx 2 + ( bc+ad ) x +bd=( ax+b ) ( cx +d )
6. Factoring by completing the square
7. Factoring by grouping
1. Removing common factors: ax +ay =a ( x + y )

Example 1. Factor completely the following polynomials
2
a. 2 x +6 x
2
b. 3 x +6 x−12 c. d. x ( a+ y )−h ( a+ y )
b. 3 x +6 x−12=3 ( x +2 x −4 )
2
a. 2 x +6 x=2 x ( x +3 )
2 2
Solution:
c. x ( a+ y )−h ( a+ y )=( x−h ) ( a+ y )
2 2
2. Factoring difference of two squares: x − y = ( x − y )( x + y )
Example 2. Find the factors of the following polynomials.
2 2 2 2
a. 16 x −9 b. 81 z −d c. 25−x
2 2 2
Solutions : a. 16 x −9=( 4 x−3 ) ( 4 x+3 ) b. 81 z −d =( 9 z−d )( 9 z +d )
2
c. 25−x =( 5−x )( 5+ x )
2 2 2
3. Factoring a perfect square trinomial: x +2 xy + y =( x+ y )( x + y )=( x + y )
x 2 −2 xy + y 2 =( x− y ) ( x− y )= ( x − y )2
Solution: It is important to verify first if the given trinomial is a perfect square trinomial by checking on
its first, second and third term. The trinomial is a perfect square if its first and third term is perfect
square and the middle term is twice the products of the square root of the first and last term.
Page 1
Example 3. Factor completely the following polynomials.
2
2
a. x +16 x +64
2
b. x −14 x+ 49 −24 y +16 c. 9 y
2 2 2 2
Solutions: a. x +16 x +64=( x +8 ) ( x+8 )=( x +8 ) b. x −14 x+49= ( x −7 ) ( x−7 ) =( x−7 )
2 2
c. 9 y −24 y +16=( 3 y−4 ) ( 3 y−4 )= ( 3 y −4 )
4. Factoring Sum and Difference of two cubes: x 3 + y 3 =( x + y ) ( x 2−xy + y 2 )
x 3 − y 3 =( x− y ) ( x 2 + xy + y 2 )
Example 4. Factor each of the following polynomials.
a. 27+ 8 x
3
b. y 3 −1 c. 64 y
3
−27 x 3
Solutions:
a. 27+ 8 x =( 3+2 x ) ( 9−6 x + 4 x ) b. y −1=( y −1 ) ( y + y +1 )
3 2 3 2
c. 64 y −27 x =( 4 y−3 x ) ( 16 y +12 xy + 9 x )

3 3 2 2
5. Factoring Trinomial by trial and error: x 2 + ( a+b ) x+ ac=( x +a )( x +b )

acx 2 + ( bc+ ad ) x +bd=( ax+ b ) ( cx +d )
Example 5. Find the factors of the following polynomials.
2 2
a. x +8 x +7 b. x −x−12
2 2
Solutions: a. x +8 x +7=( x+1 )( x +7 ) b. x −x−12=( x−4 ) ( x+ 3 )
6. Factoring by completing the square

Example 6. Factor completely.
4 2
a. x +2 x +9 b. y 4 −12 x 2 +16
deduct 4x2 Perfect square
Solution:
trinomial
a. x 4 +2 x2 +9=x 4 + ( 2 x 2 + 4 x 2 ) + 9−4 x 2=( x 4 + 6 x 2 + 9 ) −4 x 2

for this trinomial to be perfect square , the middle term must be 6x 2.
That is why we need to add 4x2 to 2x2 to make it 6x2.
2
x 4 +2 x2 +9= ( x 2 +3 ) −( 2 x )2
x 4 +2 x2 +9 = [ ( x + 3 )−2 x ] [ ( x + 3 ) +2 x ]
2 2
b. y −12 x +16= y + (−12 x + 4 x ) +16−4 x

4 2 4 2 2 2
y 4 −12 x 2 +16=( y 4 −8 x 2 +16 ) −4 x 2

2
y 4 −12 x 2 +16=( y 2 −4 ) −( 2 x )2
y 4 −12 x 2 +16 = [ ( y −4 ) +2 x ] [ ( y −4 ) −2 x ]
2 2
4 2
Hence, x +2 x +9 = [ ( x 2+ 3 )−2 x ] [ ( x 2+ 3 ) +2 x ] and
y 4 −12 x 2 +16 = [ ( y 2−4 ) +2 x ] [ ( y 2−4 ) −2 x ]
Page 2
7. Factoring by grouping
Example 7. Factor completely.
2 2 3 2
a. 2 a+ ab −6−3 b b. 2 x −3 x −2 x +3
Solution:
a. 2 a+ ab
2
−6−3 b 2=a ( 2+b2 )−3 ( 2+ b2 ) =( a−3 ) ( 2+b2 )
b. 2 x −3 x 2 −2 x +3=( 2 x3 −3 x 2 ) + (−2 x +3 ) =x2 (2 x−3 )−( 2 x −3 )=( 2 x−3 ) ( x 2 −1 )
3
= (2 x−3 )( x−1 ) ( x+1 )

Exercise I. Factor the following polynomial completely.
1. 16−18 y−4 y2 3
2. 3 r−12 r +6 r
2 4
3. 81 d −25 e
2
Part II. Algebraic expressions in Word Problems
Example 1: Six more than seven times a number is thirty-four. Find the number.
Let X the number
7x + 6 = 34 7x = 34- 6 7x = 28 X = 28/7 X=4
Example 2. The difference between three times a number and five is sixteen. Find the number.
Let X the number
3X – 5 = 16 3X = 16 + 5 3x = 21 X = 21/3 X=7
Example 3. Four times the sum of twice a number and six is thirty-two. Find the number.
Let X the number
4(2X + 6) = 32 8X + 24 = 32 8X = 32 -24 8X = 8 X= 8/8 X= 1
Quiz
Name:_________________________ Score:______________
Exercise 1: Factor the following: (any form you wish to)
1. y 2 +12 y +36 2
2. 9 w −42 w+ 49
12 3
2
3. a −6 ab+9 b
2
4. 8 y d −27
3
5. a −8 x
3
6. 3v 2 y−6v 3 y 2 +12v 4 y 3
2
7.. 2 y ( y+h )− y ( y+h )
Exercise 2: Use the algebraic expression to solve the word problems.

1. A number decreased by half of the number is four. Find the number.
2. Two-thirds of the sum of three times a number and six is ten. What is the number?
3. Twice the difference of a number and three is four more than the number. Find the number.
References:
-Phinmaed Math Module of 2018
-Vance, Elbridge P. Modern College Algebra 1975
- https://www.chilimath.com/lessons/algebra-word-problems/algebraic-sentences-
word-problems/
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MATH IN THE MODERN WOLRD

SPY- SAN JOSE DE MINDANAO SEMINARY, CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY

Factoring a polynomial is the opposite process of multiplying polynomials. It is a process of writing a

1. Removing common factors: ax +ay =a ( x + y )

c. 64 y −27 x =( 4 y−3 x ) ( 16 y +12 xy + 9 x )

5. Factoring Trinomial by trial and error: x 2 + ( a+b ) x+ ac=( x +a )( x +b )

6. Factoring by completing the square

a. x 4 +2 x2 +9=x 4 + ( 2 x 2 + 4 x 2 ) + 9−4 x 2=( x 4 + 6 x 2 + 9 ) −4 x 2

b. y −12 x +16= y + (−12 x + 4 x ) +16−4 x

y 4 −12 x 2 +16=( y 4 −8 x 2 +16 ) −4 x 2

= (2 x−3 )( x−1 ) ( x+1 )

Part II. Algebraic expressions in Word Problems

Exercise 2: Use the algebraic expression to solve the word problems.

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