Drug Study

Using the Drug Handbook: Search for the Assigned drug
classification showing its drug action/s and indication/s.
I. CNS STIMULANTS:
1. AMPHETAMINES
Definition:
a synthetic, addictive, mood-altering drug, used illegally as a
stimulant and legally as a prescription drug to treat children
with ADD and adults with narcolepsy.
Brand name: Adderall, Adzenys, Dyanavel, Evekeo, Mydayis
Mechanism of action: Amphetamine increases the concentrations of monoamine

neurotransmitters in the cytosol after entering the presynaptic terminal by inhibiting
the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) and by obstructing the
electrochemical gradients required for vesicular transporter function.
DRUG Action/s: Amphetamine's main impact is to raise the concentrations of monoamine
neurotransmitters in synapses, which indirectly improves noradrenergic and dopaminergic
neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS).
Side effects: It's possible to experience loss of appetite, weight loss, dry mouth, stomach
discomfort or pain, nausea or vomiting, dizziness, headache, diarrhea, fever,
anxiety, or difficulties sleeping.
Indication: Amphetamine can be used to treat a variety of illnesses, including

narcolepsy and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD). ADHD is a
complex illness with a wide range of etiologies, clinical presentations, and
therapeutic responses. A complex interplay of interdependent hereditary and non-
genetic elements is the root cause of complex mental diseases in children and
adolescents, including ADHD.
I. CNS STIMULANTS:
2. ANOREXIANTS
Definition:
Anorexiants are pharmaceuticals that work on the brain to reduce
appetite. The limbic system and the hypothalamus, which regulate satiety,
are stimulated by them. Therapy for obesity involves the use of anorexics
Brand name: Adipex P, Belviq, Belviq XR, Benzphetamine, Bontril PDM,
Desoxyn, Didrex, Diethylpropion,
Mechanism of action:
They act on the brain to reduce appetite. This is how CNS stimulants and anorexiants work (appetite
suppressants). They activate the parts of the brain that regulate satiety, the hypothalamus and limbic
areas.
DRUG Action/s:
Anorexiants and CNS stimulants function in the following ways:
They influence the brain to reduce appetite (appetite suppressants)
Side effects:
Insomnia, Dizziness, Increased blood pressure, Tachycardia (high resting
heart rate-more than 100 beats per minute), Myalgia (pain in a muscle or
group of muscles), Restlessness.
Indication:
Anorexiants are medications that reduce hunger by affecting the brain. The limbic
and hypothalamus systems, which govern satiety, are stimulated by them.
I. CNS STIMULANTS:
3. ANALEPTICS
Definition:
Amphetamines are classified as analeptics, or stimulants of the central
nervous system. Through the central nervous system, a respiratory
analeptic stimulates the breathing muscles.
Analeptics can function as adenosine antagonists, potassium channel
blockers, ampakines, serotonin receptor agonists, and more.
DRUG Action/s:
Analeptics are drugs that cause convulsions by stimulating the central nervous system.
They mainly affect the brain stem and spinal cord, where they enhance reflex excitability
and activate the respiratory and vasomotor centers.
Side effects:
Diuresis, stomach discomfort, and ringing in the ears are less typical
adverse effects that can occur.
Indication:
They activate vitally significant brain regions, including the vasomotor (blood
vessel constriction or dilation) and respiratory.
II. CNS DEPRESSANTS:
1. SEDATIVE-HYPNOTICS(ANXIOLYTICS)
Definition:
are medications that can treat anxiety and related conditions. Because so many medications
have this effect, this includes many different medications across several types. They’re among
the most commonly prescribed medications worldwide.
Brand name: There are two main types of sedative-hypnotics – benzodiazepines

and Z-drugs.
Sedative/hypnotic medications cause sedation by slowing
down the central nervous system (CNS),
DRUG Action/s:
Function, higher doses producing drowsiness, sleep, and unconsciousness.
This drug class contains various substances. Benzodiazepines.
Side effects:
Chemicals known as sedative-hypnotics are used to induce calm, reduce
tension and anxiety, or induce hypnosis.
Indication:
They have the sedative effects of calming, sleepiness, relaxation, and
a reduction in motor activity without causing unconsciousness.
2. ANALGESICS
Definition:
Analgesics are drugs that reduce pain. Analgesics don't cut off nerves,
disrupt your ability to detect your surroundings, or affect consciousness,
unlike drugs used for anesthetic during surgery.
Brand name: Aspirin, acetaminophen (marketed under the name Tylenol),

and ibuprofen
Activation of opioid receptors in the brain.
DRUG Action/s:
Analgesics, commonly known as painkillers, are drugs that treat a variety of pains, such
as headaches, injuries, and arthritis. Both opioid analgesics and anti-inflammatory
analgesics alter how the brain interprets pain
Side effects:
Constipation, Drowsiness, Dizziness
Indication:
Headache; muscle and neuropathic pain; pain related to trauma
fracture.
3. ANTICONVULSANTS
Definition:
Medications used to treat seizures are referred to as anticonvulsants or anti-seizure
medications. Anti-seizure drugs stabilize cell membranes and inhibit abnormal electric
impulses in the cerebral cortex.
Block voltage-gated Na+ channels; inhibition of action potentials in
excitatory neurons; ↓ seizure activity.
DRUG Action/s:
Anticonvulsants or ant seizure medicines are the names given to
medications used to treat seizures.
Side effects:
CNS: depression, confusion, drowsiness, lethargy, fatigue
CV: arrhythmias, changes in blood pressure
GI: constipation, dry mouth, anorexia
Indication:
Epilepsy, generalized seizures, partial seizures
Mood disorders

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Using the Drug Handbook: Search for the Assigned drug

classification showing its drug action/s and indication/s.

Mechanism of action: Amphetamine increases the concentrations of monoamine

Indication: Amphetamine can be used to treat a variety of illnesses, including

Brand name: There are two main types of sedative-hypnotics – benzodiazepines

Brand name: Aspirin, acetaminophen (marketed under the name Tylenol),

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