 L4978

2A STEP DOWN SWITCHING REGULATOR

UP TO 2A STEP DOWN CONVERTER

OPERATING INPUT VOLTAGE FROM 8V TO
55V
PRECISE 3.3V (±1%) INTERNAL REFER-
ENCE VOLTAGE
OUTPUT VOLTAGE ADJUSTABLE FROM
3.3V TO 50V
SWITCHING FREQUENCY ADJUSTABLE UP
TO 500KHz Minidip SO16W
VOLTAGE FEEDFORWARD
ZERO LOAD CURRENT OPERATION
INTERNAL CURRENT LIMITING (PULSE-BY- ORDERING NUMBERS: L4978 (Minidip)
L4978D (SO16)
PULSE AND HICCUP MODE)
INHIBIT FOR ZERO CURRENT CONSUMP-
TION
PROTECTION AGAINST FEEDBACK DIS- A switching frequency up to 500KHz is achiev-
CONNECTION able (the maximum power dissipation of the pack-
THERMAL SHUTDOWN ages must be observed).
A wide input voltage range between 8V to 55V
SOFT START FUNCTION and output voltages regulated from 3.3V to 50V
cover the majority of today’s applications.
DESCRIPTION Features of this new generations of DC-DC con-
verter include pulse-by-pulse current limit, hiccup
The L4978 is a step down monolithic power mode for short circuit protection, voltage feedfor-
switching regulator delivering 2A at a voltage be- ward regulation, soft-start, protection against
tween 3.3V and 50V (selected by a simple exter- feedback loop disconnection, inhibit for zero cur-
nal divider). Realized in BCD mixed technology, rent consumption and thermal shutdown.
the device uses an internal power D-MOS transis-
tor (with a typical Rdson of 0.25Ω) to obtain very The device is available in plastic dual in line,
high efficency and high switching speed. MINIDIP 8 for standard assembly, and SO16W
for SMD assembly.
TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT

Vi=8V to 55V
5
8
R1
20K
3
L4978
4
C1 C7 C2 L1
220µF 220nF 2.7nF 2 7 1 6 VO=3.3V/2A
126µH
63V (77120)
C6
R2 100nF D1
9.1K GI C8
C5 330µF
SB560
100nF C4
22nF

D98IN837A

May 2000 1/12

L4978

BLOCK DIAGRAM

VCC
5

THERMAL VOLTAGES
SHUTDOWN MONITOR
CBOOT
CHARGE
2 INTERNAL INTERNAL
SS_INH INHIBIT SOFTSTART
REFERENCE SUPPLY 5.1V
3.3V
7
COMP 6
BOOT
8 E/A
FB PWM
R
Q CBOOT
3.3V S CHARGE
DRIVE AT LIGHT
LOADS
OSCILLATOR

3 1 4
OSC GND OUT D97IN594

PIN CONNECTIONS

N.C. 1 16 N.C.
GND 2 15 N.C.
SS_INH 3 14 FB
GND 1 8 FB
OSC 4 13 COMP
SS_INH 2 7 COMP
OUT 5 12 BOOT
OSC 3 6 BOOT
OUT 6 11 VCC
OUT 4 5 VCC
N.C. 7 10 N.C.
D97IN595
N.C. 8 9 N.C.
D97IN596

Minidip
SO16W

PIN FUNCTIONS
DIP SO (*) Name Function
1 2 GND Ground
2 3 SS_INH A logic signal (active low) disables the device (sleep mode operation).
A capacitor connected between this pin and ground determines the soft start time.
When this pin is grounded disables the device (driven by open collector/drain).
3 4 OSC An external resistor connected between the unregulated input voltage and this pin and
a capacitor connected from this pin to ground fix the switching frequency. (Line feed
forward is automatically obtained)
4 5, 6 OUT Stepdown regulator output
5 11 VCC Unregulated DC input voltage
6 12 BOOT A capacitor connected between this pin and OUT allows to drive the internal DMOS
Transistors
7 13 COMP E/A output to be used for frequency compensation
8 14 FB Stepdown feedback input. Connecting directly to this pin results in an output voltage of
3.3V. An external resistive divider is required for higher output voltages.
(*) Pins 1, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15 and 16 are not internally, electrically connected to the die.

2/12
 L4978

THERMAL DATA
Symbol Parameter Minidip SO16 Unit
R th(j-amb) Thermal Resistance Junction to ambient Max. 90 (*) 110 (*) °C/W
(*) Package mounted on board.

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

Symbol
Parameter Value Unit
Minidip S016
V5 V11 Input voltage 58 V
V4 V5,V6 Output DC voltage -1 V
Output peak voltage at t = 0.1µs f=200KHz -5 V
I4 I5,I6 Maximum output current int. limit.
V6-V5 V12-V11 14 V
V6 V12 Bootstrap voltage 70 V
V7 V13 Analogs input voltage (VCC = 24V) 12 V
V2 V3 Analogs input voltage (VCC = 24V) 13 V
V8 V14 (VCC = 20V) 6 V
-0.3 V
Ptot Power dissipation a Tamb ≤ 60°C Minidip 1 W
SO16 0.8 W
Tj,Tstg Junction and storage temperature -40 to 150 °C

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Tj = 25°C, Cosc = 2.7nF, Rosc = 20kΩ, VCC = 24V, unless other-
wise specified.) * Specification Refered to T j from 0 to 125°C
Symbol Parameter Test Condition Min. Typ. Max. Unit

Dynamic Characteristic
VI Operating input voltage range Vo = 3.3 to 50V; Io = 2A • 8 55 V
Vo Output voltage Io = 0.5A 3.33 3.36 3.39 V
Io = 0.2 to 2A 3.292 3.36 3.427 V
Vcc = 8 to 55V • 3.22 3.36 3.5 V
Vd Dropout voltage Vcc = 10V; Io = 2A 0.58 0.733 V
• 1.173 V
Il Maximum limiting current Vcc = 8 to 55V • 2.5 3 3.5 A
Efficiency Vo = 3.3V; Io = 2A 87 %
fs Switching frequency • 90 100 110 KHz
SVRR Supply voltage ripple rejection Vi = Vcc+2VRMS; Vo = Vref; 60 dB
Io = 2.5A; f ripple = 100Hz
Voltage stability of switching Vcc = 8 to 55V 3 6 %
frequency
Temp. stability of switching Tj = 0 to 125°C 4 %
frequency

Soft Start
Soft start charge current 30 40 50 µA
Soft start discharge current 6 10 14 µA

Inhibit
VLL Low level voltage • 0.9 V
IsLL Isource Low level • 5 15 µA

3/12
L4978

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

Symbol Parameter Test Condition Min. Typ. Max. Unit

DC Characteristics
Iqop Total operating quiescent 4 6 mA
current
Iq Quiescent current Duty Cycle = 0; VFB = 3.8V 2.5 3.5 mA
Iqst-by Total stand-by quiescent Vinh <0.9V 100 200 µA
current Vcc = 55V; Vinh <0.9V 150 300 µA

Error Amplifier
VFB Voltage Feedback Input 3.33 3.36 3.35 V
RL Line regulation Vcc = 8 to 55V 5 10 mV
Ref. voltage stability vs • 0.4 mV/°C
temperature
VoH High level output voltage VFB = 2.5V 10.3 V
VoL Low level output voltage VFB = 3.8V 0.65 V
Io source Source output current Vcomp = 6V; V FB = 2.5V 180 220 µA
Io sink Sink output current Vcomp = 6V; V FB = 3.8V 200 300 µA
Ib Source bias current 2 3 µA
SVRR E/A Supply voltage ripple rejection Vcomp = Vfb; Vcc = 8 to 55V 60 80 dB
DC open loop gain RL = ∞ 50 57 dB
gm Transconductance Icomp = -0.1 to 0.1mA 2.5 mS
Vcomp = 6V

Oscillator Section
Ramp Valley 0.78 0.85 0.92 V
Ramp peak Vcc = 8V 2 2.15 2.3 V
Vcc = 55V 9 9.6 10.2 V
Maximum duty cycle 95 97 %
Maximum Frequency Duty Cycle = 0% 500 kHz
Rosc = 13kΩ, Cosc = 820pF

4/12
 L4978

Figure 1. Test and evaluation board circuit.

Vi=8V to 55V
5
8
R1
20K
3
L4978 VO=3.3V/2A
4
C1 C7 C2 L1
220µF 220nF 2.7nF 2 7 1 6
126µH
63V (77120) R3
C6
R2 100nF D1
C5 9.1K GI C8
100nF SB560 330µF
C4 R4
22nF

D98IN834A

L4978
C1=220µF/63V EKE
C2=2.7nF VO (V) R3(KΩ) R4(KΩ)
C5=100nF 3.3 0
C6=100nF
C7=220nF/63V 5.1 2.7 4.7
C8=330µF/35V CG Sanyo 12 12 4.7
L1=126µH KoolMu 77120 - 55 Turns - 0.5mm
R1=20K 15 16 4.7
R2=9.1K 18 20 4.7
D1=GI SB560
24 30 4.7

Figure 2. PCB and component layout of the figure 1.

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L4978

Figure 3. Quiescent drain current vs. input Figure 4. Quiescent current vs. junction
voltage. temperature
Iq D97IN731
D97IN724
Iq
(mA)
(mA)
200KHz
R 1=22K 200KHz
5 C 2=1.2nF 5 R1=22K
C2=1.2nF
100KHz
R 1=20K
4 4 100KHz
C 2=2.7nF
R1 =20K
C2 =2.7nF

3 0Hz 3
0Hz

VCC=35V
2 2 0% DC
Tamb=25°C
0% DC
1 1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Vcc(V) -50 -30 -10 10 30 50 70 90 110 Tj(°C)

Figure 5. Stand by drain current vs. input Figure 6. Line Regulation

voltage
Ibias D97IN732
VO D97IN733

(µA) (V)

150 Vss=GND 3.377

Tj=125°C
140 Tj=25°C 3.376
130
3.375
120 Tj=25°C
3.374
110
100 Tj=125°C 3.373

90 3.372
80
3.371
70
3.370
60 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 VCC(V)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 VCC(V)

Figure 7. Load regulation Figure 8. Switching frquency vs. R1 and C2

VO D98IN835
fsw D97IN784

(V) (KHz)
3.378 V CC=35V
500 Tamb=25°C

3.376
0.8
2nF
3.374 200
1.2
nF
3.372 Tj=25°C 100
2.2
3.370 Tj=125°C nF

50 3.3n
3.368 F

3.366 4.7n
F
20
5.6n
3.364 F

10
3.362
3.360 5
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 IO(A) 0 20 40 60 80 R1(KΩ)

6/12
 L4978

Figure 9. Switching Frequency vs. input Figure 10. Switching frequency vs. junction
voltage. temperature.
fsw D97IN735 fsw D97IN785
(KHz) (KHz)
107.5

105.0 105

102.5 Tj=25°C

100.0 100
97.5

95.0 95
92.5

90.0 90
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 VCC(V) -50 0 50 100 Tj(°C)

Figure 11. Dropout voltage between pin 5 Figure 12. Efficiency vs output voltage.
and 4. η [%]
∆V D98IN836
98
(V)
fsw=100kHz
96
0.7
Tj=125°C
94
fsw=200kHz
0.6
92
5°
0.5 C
=2
Tj 90
0.4
88

0.3 Tj=-25°C 86

0.2 84
Vcc=35V
0.1 82 Io=2A

80
0.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 IO(A) Vo [V]

Figure 13. Efficiencyvs. output current. Figure 14. Efficiencyvs. output current.
η [%] η [%]
95 95
Vcc=8V
Vcc=12V Vcc=8V
90 90

85 85
Vcc=12V
Vcc=24V
80 80

Vcc=24V
75 75
Vcc=48V

70 70

fsw=100kHz Vo=3.36V
65 Vo=5.1V 65 Vcc=48V fsw=100kHz

60 60
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2
Io [A] Io [A]

7/12
L4978

Figure 15. Efficiencyvs. output current. Figure 16. Efficiencyvs. output current.
η
D97IN740
η D97IN741

(%) V CC=8V (%)

90 90 VCC=8V
VCC=12V

85 VCC=24V 85 VCC=12V

80 VCC=24V
80
VCC=48V
75
75
70
VCC=48V
70 fsw=200KHz 65 fsw=200KHz
VO=5.1V
VO=3.36V
65 60

60 55
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 IO(A) 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 IO(A)

Figure 17. Efficiencyvs. Vcc. Figure 18. Power dissipation vs. Vcc.
n [%] Pdiss [mW]
90 1000

Vo=5.1V fsw=100kHz Vo=5.1V

fsw=100kHz
800
85 Io=2A
Vo=5.1V fsw=200kHz

Vo=3.36V fsw=100kHz 600

Io=1A
80
Io=1.5A
Vo=3.36V fsw=200kHz 400

75 Io=0.5A
Io=2A 200

70 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Vcc [V] Vcc [V]

Figure 19. DevicePower dissipation vs.Vo

Figure 20. Pulse by pulse limiting current vs.
Pdiss [mW] junction temperature.
1400
Ilim D97IN747
Vcc=35V (A)
fsw=100kHz
1200 fsw=100KHz
Io=2A
2.9 VCC=35V
1000
2.8
Io=1.5A
800
2.7
600
Io=1A
2.6
400
Io=0.5A 2.5

200
2.4

0
0 10 20 30 2.3
Vo [V] -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 Tj(°C)

8/12
 L4978

Figure 21. Load transient. Figure 22. Line transient.

VCC D97IN786
(V)
30

20

10
VO
1
(mV)
IO = 1A
fsw = 100KHz
100

2 0

-100
1ms/DIV

Figure 23. Soft start capacitor selection Vs in- Figure 24. Soft start capacitor selection vs. In-
ductor and Vccmax. ductor and Vccmax.
D97IN745 L D97IN746
L 680nF (µH)
(µH) 470nF fsw=200KHz 56nF
fsw=100KHz
400
300 47nF
330nF
300
200 33nF

200 220nF

22nF
100
100
100nF

0 0
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 VCCmax(V)
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 VCCmax(V)

Figure 25. Open loop frequency and phase of er-

ror amplifier
GAIN D97IN787
(dB) Phase

50
GAIN

0 0

-50 45

-100 90
Phase

-150 135

-200
10 10 2 103 104 105 106 10 7 108 f(Hz)

9/12
L4978

mm inch
DIM. OUTLINE AND
MIN. TYP. MAX. MIN. TYP. MAX. MECHANICAL DATA
A 3.32 0.131

a1 0.51 0.020

B 1.15 1.65 0.045 0.065

b 0.356 0.55 0.014 0.022

b1 0.204 0.304 0.008 0.012

D 10.92 0.430

E 7.95 9.75 0.313 0.384

e 2.54 0.100

e3 7.62 0.300

e4 7.62 0.300

F 6.6 0.260

I 5.08 0.200

L 3.18 3.81 0.125 0.150

Minidip
Z 1.52 0.060

10/12
 L4978

mm inch
DIM. OUTLINE AND
MIN. TYP. MAX. MIN. TYP. MAX.
MECHANICAL DATA

A 2.35 2.65 0.093 0.104

A1 0.1 0.3 0.004 0.012

B 0.33 0.51 0.013 0.020

C 0.23 0.32 0.009 0.013

D 10.1 10.5 0.398 0.413

E 7.4 7.6 0.291 0.299

e 1.27 0.050

H 10 10.65 0.394 0.419

h 0.25 0.75 0.010 0.030

L 0.4 1.27 0.016 0.050

SO16 Wide
K 0° (min.)8° (max.)

L
h x 45

B e K A1 C
H

16 9

1 8

11/12
L4978

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