ITT CENTRE

THE INSTITUTE OF CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS

OF INDIA

Microsoft EXCEL

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Name: Adarsh hinduja Miss Mayuri khare
CRO No.: CRO0754884 Batch No.:17
Batch Time: 2pm to 8pm Month: August

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This acknowledgement to all those people who
have directly or indirectly helped me throughout
this project. Well foremost I would like to thank
Miss Mayuri Khare for providing me an
opportunity to do project on MS Excel & who has
been a constant helper from very start and because
of her able guidelines this project has been
successfully completed.
Finally I would like to thank all my friends who
were my patient enough to answer all my
questions and without whom this project would
have not been completed.

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 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Adarsh hinduja with CRO
number CRO0754884 studying in ITT batch 17 in
the year 2024-25 in this institute and has
completed project report based on syllabus and has
given satisfactory account of it.

Date: 24th August

Examiner’s signature …………

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 DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this project on MS Excel,
which is being submitted in partial fulfilment of the
requirement of the course leading to chartered
accountancy to the ITT CENTRE is my original work
and prepared by me under the guidance of Mrs.
Mayuri Khare.

I further declare that I or any other person has not

previously submitted this project report to any
other institution /university for any other degree
/diploma or to any other person.

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INDEX
Q.1) EXPLAIN WHAT IF ANALYSIS AND ALSO USE ALL 3
FUNCTIONS WITH EXAMPLES…………………………… 7
1. GOAL SEEK
2. SCENARIO MANAGER
3. DATA TABLE
Q.2) DEFINE DATA VALIDATION WITH PROPER
EXAMPLES………………………………………. 13
Q.3) EXPLAIN ALL THE RULES OF CONDITIONAL
FORMATTING AND APPLY ANY THREE RULES WITH
PROPER DATA……………………………………. 15
Q.4) DEFINE V-LOOKUP WITH EXAMPLE USING
MULTIPLE SHEETS……………………………. 20
Q.5) DEFINE H-LOOKUP AND LOOKUP FUNCTION
USING AN EXAMPLE OF MULTIPLE FIELDS AND ALSO
EXPLAIN THE DEFINITION OF THE LIST GIVEN IN LOOK-
UP REFERENCE TAB………………………………….. 23
USING MULTIPLE FIELDS
Lookup reference tab
Q.6) DEFINE PIVOT TABLE WITH SLICER. GIVE AN
EXAMPLE WITH PROPER DATA............................... 25
Q.7) .DEFINE NAME AND NAME MANAGER IN MS
EXCEL WITH PROPER EXAMPLE .............................. 30
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Q.8) EXPLAIN ANY 2 (in each category) FORMULAS
WITH EXAMPLE AND USES OF FOLLOWING GIVEN
HEADS: ………………………………….... 31
 DATE AND TIME
o Excel current date and time example
 LOGICAL FUNCTION
o Mathematical and trigonometry formula
 TEXT FUNCTION
What is LEFT function ?
How to use LEFT function in Excel ?
BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………. 42
THANK YOU……………………………………….. 43

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Q.1) EXPLAIN WHAT IF ANALYSIS AND ALSO USE
ALL 3 FUNCTIONS WITH EXAMPLES
EXPLANATION- What-If Analysis is a tool for
determining effects on outcomes in a
mathematical model by changing the inputs to the
model in multiple scenarios on the worksheet.
Three kinds of What-If Analysis tools come with
Excel.
USAGE - you can do What-If Analysis to build two
budgets that each assumes a certain level of
revenue. Or, you can specify a result that you
want a formula to produce, and then determine
what sets of values will produce that result. Excel
provides several different tools to help you
perform the type of analysis that fits your needs.
Functions under “WHAT IF” Analysis
1) GOAL SEEK
Goal Seek lets you specify the result and then
determines the values needed to generate it. You
can learn about What-if Scenarios here.
Steps –

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a) On the Data tab, in the Forecast group, click
What-If Analysis.
b) Click Goal Seek
Screenshot 1

c) The Goal Seek dialog box appears.

d) Select cell.
e) Click in the 'To value' box and type.
f) Click in the 'By changing cell' box and select
cell.
g) Result. Hence, we need to take loan of
Rs.91486.3649 if we want instalment(EMI) of
Rs.2500.

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Screenshot 2

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 2) SCENARIO MANAGER
Some other features of the scenario manager
include saving various groups of values, merging
different scenarios together and generating
summaries of each situation. Using this tool can
help a business understand and predict
important information about a decision-making
process. It can also help stakeholders
collaborate effectively on a data-based project.
STEPS –
a) Click the data tab.
b) Click the What-If Analysis button
c) Select Scenario Manager. The Scenario
Manager dialog box appears, displaying all
the scenarios you've created.
d) Click Summary. The Scenario Summary dialog
box appears. Ensure the Scenario summary
option is selected.
e) Click OK.

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Screenshot 3

3) DATA TABLE

Screenshot 4

If you have a formula that uses one or two

variables, or multiple formulas that all use one
common variable, you can use a Data Table to
see all the outcomes in one place. Using Data
Tables makes it easy to examine a range of
possibilities at a glance. Because you focus on
only one or two variables, results are easy to
read and share in tabular form.
Steps: -
Steps to create a Two-Variable Data Table

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 Screenshot 5

a) Select a cell within your data.

b) Select Home > Format as Table
c) Choose a style for your table
d) In the Create Table dialog box, set your cell
range.
e) Mark if your table has headers.
f) Select OK.

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Q.2) Define DATA VALIDATION with proper
examples.
Explanation: Data validation in Excel is a feature
that allows you to control the type of data
entered your worksheet.
Data validation is the practice of checking the
integrity, accuracy and structure of data before it
is used for a business operation. Data validation
operation results can provide data used for data
analytics, business intelligence or training a
machine learning model.
Steps:
a) Select one or more cells to validate.
b) On the Data tab, in the Data Tools group, click
Data validation.
c) On the Settings tab, in the Allow box, select
List.
d) In the Source box, type your list values,
separated by commas. ...
e) Make sure that the In-cell dropdown check
box is selected.
Purpose:

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 Data validation provides accuracy,
cleanness, and completeness to the dataset
by eliminating data errors from any project
to ensure that the data is not corrupted.
While data validation can be performed on
any data, including data within a single
application such as Excel creates better
results.

Screenshot 6

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Q.3) EXPLAIN ALL THE RULES OF CONDITIONAL
FORMATTING AND APPLY ANY THREE RULES
WITH PROPER DATA
Conditional formatting makes it easy to
highlight certain values or make particular
cells easy to identify. This changes the
appearance of a cell range based on a
condition (or criteria.
Conditional formatting can help make
patterns and trends in your data more
apparent.
1) HIGHLIGHT CELL RULES
- Greater Than: Formats cells that are
greater than a specified value.
- Less Than: Formats cells that are less
than a specified value.
- Between: Formats cells that are
between two specified values.
- Equal To: Formats cells that are equal
to a specified value.
- Text that Contains: Formats cells
that contain specific text.
- A Date Occurring: Formats cells
based on a specific date.

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2) TOP/BOTTOM RULES:
- Top 10 Items: Formats the top 10
values in a range of cells.
- Top 10%: Formats the top 10% values
in a range of cells.
- Bottom 10 Items: Formats the
bottom 10 values in a range of cells.
- Bottom 10%: Formats the bottom
10% values in a range of cells.
3) . Data Bars:
Creates horizontal bars within cells to
represent the value's magnitude.
4) Color Scales:
- Applies a gradient Color scale to cells
based on their values.
5). Icon Sets:
- Adds icons (such as arrows, checkmarks, or
traffic lights) to cells based on their values.
6) Duplicate Values:

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 - Highlights duplicate values in a range of
cells.

7) Unique Values:
- Highlights unique values in a range of cells.
8) Formula-based rules:
- Allows you to create custom rules using
formulas to format cells based on specific
conditions.

Steps:
1. Select the Data of a particular column to
apply conditional formatting, then on the
HOME Tab, click on Conditional
Formatting button appearing under Styles
section.
2. Then select one of the Rules (for example,
select Highlight Cell Rules, & then select
Greater Than rule).

Applying few

1. Highlight Cell Rules:

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 Select the data of the column, go to
conditional formatting & go to HIGHLIGHT
CELL rules, & under highlight cell rules,
click on Greater Than (rule).
2. Top / Botton Rules:
Select the data of the column, go to
conditional formatting & go to Top/
Bottom rules, & under Top/ Bottom rules,
click on Top 10 items(rule).
3. Data Bars:
Select the data of the column, go to
conditional formatting & go to Data Bar
rules, & under Data Bar rules, click on
Gradient Fill(rule).
4. Icon Sets:
Select the data of the column, go to
conditional formatting & go to Icon Set
rules, & under Icon Set rules, click on
Ratings(rule).

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 Screenshot 7

Screenshot 8

Screenshot 9

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Q.4) DEFINE V-LOOKUP WITH EXAMPLE USING
MULTIPLE SHEETS
The word “V-LOOKUP” stands for "Vertical
Lookup" and is used to search for a specific value
in the first column of a dataset and retrieve a
corresponding value from a different column
within the same row.
Use VLOOKUP when you need to find things in a
table or a range by row. For example, look up a
price of an automotive part by the part number,
or find an employee name based on their
employee ID.
In its simplest form, the VLOOKUP function says:
=VLOOKUP(What you want to look up, where
you want to look for it, the column number in
the range containing the value to return,
return an Approximate or Exact match –
indicated as 1/TRUE, or 0/FALSE).

1. Lookup value - is the value that we want to

look up in a table column. Where you want or
get the value from another table.

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2. Table array – it is the data array that is to be
searched. The VLOOKUP function searches in
the left-most column of this array. We can
say that this is a matching table.
3. Column index number – an integer specifying
the column number of the supplied table
array that you want to return a value from. If
you are only using it for data matching, you
can put 1, but if you want to get a value from
another column to match the lookup value,
you need to put column no from matching
column no.

Screenshot 10

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 1. LOOKUP function - Looks up values in a vector
or array.
2. MATCH function- Looks up values in a
reference or array/
3. OFFSET function - Returns a reference offset
from a given reference.
4. ROW function - Returns the row number of a
reference.

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 Q.5) DEFINE H-LOOKUP AND LOOKUP
FUNCTIONS USING EXAMPLE OF MULTIPLE
FIELDS AND ALSO EXPLAIN THE DEFINITION OF
THE LIST GIVEN IN LOOK-UP REFERENCE TAB.
HLOOKUP stands for Horizontal Lookup and
can be used to retrieve information from a
table by searching a row for the matching
data and outputting from the corresponding
column. While VLOOKUP searches for the
value in a column, HLOOKUP searches for the
value in a row.

Lookup functions in Excel mean referencing a

cell to match values in another row or column
against the cell and thereby retrieving the
corresponding results from the respective
rows and columns.

USING MUILTIPLE FIELDS

So far, we’ve used HLOOKUP for a single
value. Now, let’s use it to obtain multiple
values.

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 After typing FALSE (or 0), we need to press
Ctrl+Shift+Enter instead of Enter key

Screenshot 11
Lookup reference tab
Lookup & Reference functions help you to
work with arrays of data, and are particularly
useful when you need to cross reference
between different data sets. They perform
tasks such as providing information about a
range, returning the location of a given
address or value, or looking up specific values.

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Q.6) DEFINE PIVOT TABLE WITH SLICER. GIVE AN
EXAMPLE WITH PROPER DATA
In this presentation, we'll explore the dynamic duo
of PivotTables and Slicers in Microsoft Excel. We'll
begin by understanding PivotTables, which are
powerful tools for summarizing and analyzing large
datasets. By reorganizing your data, PivotTables
allow you to identify trends and relationships that
might be hidden in raw data. We'll then delve into
Slicers, which act as interactive filters for
PivotTables. Slicers provide a visual and intuitive
way to drill down into your data and gain deeper
insights. By the end of this session, you'll be
equipped to create informative PivotTables and
leverage slicers to unlock the hidden potential of
your data in Excel.

PivotTable: A Data Summarization

Powerhouse
● A PivotTable is a dynamic table that
summarizes data from a larger dataset in
Excel.

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 ● It allows you to reorganize, group, and
calculate values to uncover trends and
relationships.
● You can create PivotTables from various data
sources within Excel, including tables and
databases.
Speaker Notes Imagine a vast spreadsheet filled
with rows and columns of information. A
PivotTable comes to the rescue, acting as a data
summarization powerhouse. It intelligently
condenses your data into a more manageable and
insightful format. Think of it as a magic tool that
transforms your raw data into a well-organized
table, highlighting key patterns and trends.
PivotTables allow you to group your data by
different categories, such as regions, products, or
dates. You can then calculate various values like
sums, averages, or counts for these groups. This
ability to reorganize, group, and calculate makes
PivotTables an invaluable asset for data analysis in
Excel.
Crafting a PivotTable in Excel: A Step-by-Step
Guide
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 ● 1. Select your data range: Choose the portion
of your spreadsheet containing the data you
want to analyze.
● 2. Insert the PivotTable: Navigate to the
"Insert" tab and locate the "PivotTable"
button. Click on it to initiate the PivotTable
creation process.
● 3. Choose the destination cell: Specify where
you want the PivotTable to be placed in your
spreadsheet.
● 4. Drag and drop fields: Arrange your data
fields into the "Rows," "Columns," "Values,"
and "Filters" areas to customize your
PivotTable's layout and calculations.

Here's a step-by-step walkthrough:

1. Select your data range: Identify the

portion of your spreadsheet containing the
data you want to summarize.
2. Insert the PivotTable: Head over to the
"Insert" tab and locate the "PivotTable"
button. Click on it to get things started.

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 3. Choose the destination cell: Decide
where you want the PivotTable to reside in
your spreadsheet.
4. Drag and drop fields: This is where the
magic happens! The PivotTable creation
window displays your data fields. Simply drag
and drop these fields into the designated
areas: "Rows" to group data by rows,
"Columns" to group by columns, "Values" to
specify how you want to calculate values (e.g.,
sum, average, count), and "Filters" to add
additional filtering criteria.
Introducing Slicers: Interactive Filters for
PivotTables
● Slicers are interactive filter controls that work
hand-in-hand with PivotTables in Excel.
● They provide a visual way to filter your
PivotTable data by selecting specific
categories or values.
● Slicers can be created from any field included
in your PivotTable.

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SCREENSHOT 12

SCREENSHOT 13

EXAMPLE OF USING PIVOT TABLE

WITH A SLICER.

SCREENSHOT 14
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Q.7) DEFINE NAME AND NAME MANAGER IN MS
EXCEL WITH PROPER EXAMPLE
 The #NAME? error signifies that something
needs to be corrected in the syntax, so when
you see the error in your formula, resolve it
 Name Manager in Excel is used to create a
named range, edit, or delete it. For example,
while working with formulas in Excel, we
sometimes use names instead of giving cell
references. If we want to add a new reference
or edit any reference or delete it, we can do it
by the Name Manager. It is available in the
“Formulas” tab under the “Defined
To open the Name Manager dialog box, on
the Formulas tab, in the Defined Names group,
click Name Manager.
Screenshot 15

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Q.8) EXPLAIN ANY 2 (in each category)
FORMULAS WITH EXAMPLES AND USES OF
FOLLOWING GIVEN HEADS:
1) DATE & TIME
2) LOGICAL
3) MATHS AND TRIG
4) TEXT
 DATE AND TIME
There are two formulas to use, depending on
what type of information you’re looking to insert
in your spreadsheet. Note: These are dynamic
formulas and will update whenever a spreadsheet
is opened.
Current date formula:
 =TODAY()
Current time formula:
 =NOW()
Excel current date and time example

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EG 1: Let’s look at a real example in an Excel
spreadsheet of how these formulas work. In the
screenshot below, you can clearly see how each
works and what the corresponding output is. For
instance, if , at the time of creating the formula,
its AUGUST 15, 2024 at 2:16 p.m. , then the
following information will appear in your
spreadsheet.
(Note: Excel uses a 24-hour clock when it outputs
the time).

Screenshot 16

EG 2:
TO OBTAIN DATE OF BIRTH FOLLOWING
FORMULA CAN BE USED=DATE(Y,M,D)
By using this formula we get the date to use this
in brackets we can write the fixed number or we
can select cells first we can select the cell that is

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containing yaer in it by putting comma we will
select the other cell containing month and at last
the cell containing date.

Screenshot 17

• LOGICAL FUNCTION
Logical functions are used in spreadsheets to test
whether a situation is true or false. Depending on
the result of that test, you can then elect to do
one thing or another. These decisions can be used
to display information, perform different
calculations, or to perform further tests
Logical functions provide decision-making tools
for information in a spreadsheet. They allow you
to look at the contents of a cell, or to perform a
calculation, and then test that result against a
required figure or value. You can then use the IF
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logical function to determine which calculation to
perform or action to take depending on the
outcome of the test. Here are some examples. 1
Logical functions provide decision-making tools
for information in a spreadsheet. They allow you
to look at the contents of a cell, or to perform a
calculation, and then test that result against a
required figure or value. You can then use
screenshot 19 29 the IF logical function to
determine which calculation to perform or action
to take depending on the outcome of the test.
Here are some examples.
The IF Function The IF function is the key logical
function used for decision making. It takes the
format: =IF(condition, true, false) For example,
you could use the following formula: =IF(B2 > 400,
“High”, “Low”) where, B2 > 400 is the condition
being tested (this could be translated as “Is the
value in cell B2 greater than 400?”) “High” is the
text to display if B2 is greater than 400 (the result
of the test is yes or TRUE) “Low” is the text to
display if B2 is less than or equal to 400 (the result
of the test is no or FALSE)

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The AND Function The AND function is used to
compare more than one condition. It returns
TRUE only if all of the conditions are met, and
takes the format: =AND(condition1, condition2,…)
For example, you could use the following formula:
=AND(B2 > 400, C2 < 300) where, B2 > 400 is the
first condition being tested C2 < 300 is the second
condition being tested This will only return the
result TRUE if the value in cell B2 is greater than
400 and the value in cell C2 is less than 300. In all
other situations, the result will be FALSE.
The OR Function The OR function is also used to
compare more than one condition. It returns
TRUE if any of the conditions are met, and takes
the format: =OR(condition1, condition2,…) For
example, you could use the following formula:
=OR(B2 > 400, C2 < 300) where, B2 > 400 is the
first condition being tested C2 < 300 is the second
condition being tested This will return the result
TRUE if either the value in cell B2 is greater than
400 or the value in cell C2 is 30 less than 300. The
result will be FALSE only if neither of the
conditions is met.

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Screenshot 18

• Mathematical and trigonometry formula

Explaination:
Eg 1:SUM
You can use a simple formula to sum numbers in
a range (a group of cells), but the SUM function is
easier to use when you’re working with more than
a few numbers. For example =SUM(A2:A6) is less
likely to have typing errors than
=A2+A3+A4+A5+A6. Here’s a formula that uses
two cell ranges: =SUM(A2:A4,C2:C3) sums the
numbers in ranges A2:A4 and C2:C3. You’d press
Enter to get the total of 39787.
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To create the formula:
Type =SUM in a cell, followed by an opening
parenthesis.
To enter the first formula range, which is called an
argument (a piece of data the formula needs to
run), type A2:A4 (or select cell A2 and drag
through cell A6).
Type a comma (,) to separate the first argument
from the next.
Type the second argument, C2:C3 (or drag to
select the cells).
Type a closing parenthesis ), and then press
Enter.
Screenshot 19

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EG 2: POWERPOINT EXPLANATION
The Excel POWER function computes the result of
a number raised to a given power. It’s an essential
function in mathematical calculations, especially
where exponentiation is required, such as in
compound interest calculations, exponential
growth models, or scientific formulas.
Return value
The result of raising number to the power.
Use POWER by inputting the base number and the
exponent. The function will calculate the base
number raised to the exponent.
Screenshot 20

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 • Text function
EG 1: LEFT FUNCTION
What is the LEFT Function?
The LEFT Function is categorized under Excel TEXT
functions. The function will return a specified
number of characters from the start of a given
text string.
In financial analysis, the LEFT function can be
useful if we wish to extract characters from the
left side of a text. Generally, it is used by
combining it with other functions such as VALUE,
SUM, COUNT, DATE, DAY, etc.
Formula
LEFT(text,[num_chars])
=

The LEFT function uses the following arguments:

Text (required argument) – This is the original text
string.
Num_chars (optional argument) – Specifies the
number of characters to be returned from the
start of the given text. It is the number of
characters to be extracted, starting from the left
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side of the text. If we omit the argument, the
default value of 1 is taken.
How to use the LEFT Function in Excel?
As a worksheet function, LEFT can be entered as
part of a formula in a cell of a worksheet. To
understand the uses of the function, let us
consider an example:
Screenshot 21

Eg 2: Concalenate function
Use CONCATENATE, one of the text functions, to
join two or more text strings into one string.
Important: In Excel 2016, Excel Mobile, and Excel
for the web, this function has been replaced with

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the CONCAT function. Although the
CONCATENATE function is still available for
backward compatibility, you should consider using
CONCAT from now on. This is because
CONCATENATE may not be available in future
versions of Excel.
Syntax: CONCATENATE(text1, [text2], ...)
For example:
=CONCATENATE("Stream population for ", A2, " ",
A3, " is ", A4, "/mile.") =CONCATENATE(B2, " ",C2)

Screenshot 22

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TRAINING
MODULE BY INSTITUTE OF CHARTERED
ACCOUNTANTS OF INDIA
 WWW.GOOGLE.COM
 WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM

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THANK YOU

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