Class 7 - Changing Our Earth

Class 7- Changing our Earth
Q 1. Answer the following questions.
(i) Why do the plates move?
Answer: The movement of molten magma inside the earth results in the movement of plates.
(ii) What are exogenic and endogenic forces?
Answer: The movement of the Earth is divided on the basis of the forces which cause them. The
forces that act in the interior of the earth are called endogenic forces, and the forces that work on the
surface of the earth are called exogenic forces.
(iii) What is erosion?
Answer: Erosion is defined as the wearing away of the landscape by different agents like water, wind
and ice. The process of erosion and deposition creates different land-forms on the surface of the earth.
(iv) How are flood plains formed?
Answer: When a river overflows its banks, it results in the flooding of the area surrounding it. When it
floods, it deposits a layer of fine soil and other material called sediments, thus forming a fertile layer
of soil called flood plains.
(v) What are sand dunes?
Answer: When the wind blows, it lifts and transports sand from one place to another. When the wind
stops blowing, the sand falls and gets deposited in the low hill-like structures. These are called sand
dunes. They are mostly found in desert areas.
(vi) How are beaches formed?
Answer: The sea waves deposit sediments along the seashores. This results in the formation of
beaches.
(vii) What are the ox-bow lakes?
Answer: When the river enters the plains, it twists and turns forming large bends known as meanders.
In due course of time, the meander loops start to cut off the river and form cut off lakes, known as the
ox-bow lakes.
Q 2. Tick the correct answer.

(i) Which is not an erosional feature of sea waves?
(a) Cliff
(b) Beach
(c) Sea cave
(ii) The depositional feature of a glacier is:
(a) Flood plain
(b) Beach
(c) Moraine
(iii) Which is caused by the sudden movements of the earth?
(a) Volcano
(b) Folding
(c) Flood plain
(iv) Mushroom rocks are found in:
(a) Deserts
(b) River valleys
(c) Glaciers
(v) Ox bow lakes are found in:
(a) Glaciers
(b) River valleys
(c) Deserts
Q 3. Match the following.
(i) Glacier (a) Sea shore
(ii) Meanders (b) Mushroom rock

(iii) Beach (c) River of ice
(iv) Sand dunes (d) Rivers
(v) Waterfall (e) Vibrations of earth
(vi) Earthquake (f) Sea cliff
(g) Hard bedrock
(h) Deserts
4. Give reasons.
(i) Some rocks have the shape of a mushroom.
Answer: Some rocks have the shape of a mushroom because, in deserts, wind erodes the lower section
of the rock more than the upper section, which makes the base of the rock narrow and the upper part
wide, giving it the shape of a mushroom.
(ii) Flood plains are very fertile.
Answer: Flood plains are very fertile because at times when river water overflows, it results in the
flooding of the neighbouring areas. This deposits a layer of fine soil and other sediments on the banks
of the river, which leads to fertile flood plains.
(iii) Sea caves are turned into stacks.
Answer: When the cavities in the sea caves become bigger and bigger, only the roof of the caves are
leftover, which forms sea arches. Further, due to erosion, the roof vanishes and only the walls stay
intact, turning the sea caves into stacks.
(iv) Buildings collapse due to earthquakes.

Answer: When the lithospheric plates move, the surface of the earth vibrates and then these vibrations
travel outwards from the epicentre in the form of waves, which leads to sudden movement and results
in the collapse of buildings.
Q5. Give an account of some common earthquake prediction methods adopted locally by people.
Answer:
Some of the common earthquake prediction methods adopted locally by people are:
 Wild animal behaviour.

 Agitated fish in the ponds.
 Snakes coming out to the surface from their holes.
 Animals trying to untie themselves and run away.
 Birds leaving their nests and beginning to chatter loudly.
 Aborigines beginning to run to higher grounds.
Q6.What are the two processes which continuously wear away the landscape? Explain them.
Answer:
The Processes:
The landscape is continuously worn away by two processes.
They are:
 Weathering and erosion.

 Weathering is the breaking up of rocks on the earth’s surface.
 Erosion is the wearing away of the landscape by different agents like water, wind and
ice.
 The eroded material is carried away or transported by water, wind etc.
 They deposit material eventually.
 This process of erosion and deposition creates different landforms on the surface of the
earth.
Q7. Give an account of the work of wind.

Answer:
Work pi Wind:
An active agent of erosion and deposition in the deserts is wind.
In deserts there are numerous rocks with a shape of a mushroom.
 They are commonly called mushroom rocks.

 Winds erode the lower section of the rock more than the upper part.
 Such rocks have narrower base and wider top.
When the wind blows, it lifts and transports sand from one place to another.
 When it stops blowing, the sand falls and gets deposited in low hill like structures.
 These are called sand dunes.
When the grains of sand are very fine and light, the wind carries it over very long distances.
 When such a sand is deposited in large areas, they are called loess. Large deposits of
loess are found in China.
Q8. What is a volcano. What are the types of volcanoes.

A volcano is a land-form, a mountain, where molten rocks erupt through the surface of the planet. The
volcano mountain opens downwards to a pool of molten rocks below the surface of the earth.
When the pressure builds up in the earth’s crust, eruptions occur. Gasses and rock shoot up through
the opening and spill over or fill the air with lava fragments. The volcano eruption can cause lateral
blasts, hot ash and lava flow, mudslides, and more.
Volcanoes are categorised into three main categories:
 Active
 Dormant
 Extinct
An active volcano is one which has recently erupted and there is a possibility that it may erupt soon.
A dormant volcano is one that has not erupted in a long time but there is a possibility it can erupt in
the future.
An extinct volcano is one which has erupted thousands of years ago and there’s no possibility of an
eruption.

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Class 7- Changing our Earth

Q 1. Answer the following questions.

(i) Why do the plates move?

(ii) What are exogenic and endogenic forces?

(iii) What is erosion?

(iv) How are flood plains formed?

(v) What are sand dunes?

(vi) How are beaches formed?

(vii) What are the ox-bow lakes?

Q 2. Tick the correct answer.

(c) Sea cave

(ii) The depositional feature of a glacier is:

(a) Flood plain

(iii) Which is caused by the sudden movements of the earth?

(c) Flood plain

(iv) Mushroom rocks are found in:

(b) River valleys

(v) Ox bow lakes are found in:

(b) River valleys

Q 3. Match the following.

(i) Glacier (a) Sea shore

(ii) Meanders (b) Mushroom rock

(iv) Sand dunes (d) Rivers

(v) Waterfall (e) Vibrations of earth

(vi) Earthquake (f) Sea cliff

(g) Hard bedrock

(i) Some rocks have the shape of a mushroom.

(ii) Flood plains are very fertile.

(iii) Sea caves are turned into stacks.

(iv) Buildings collapse due to earthquakes.

 Wild animal behaviour.

 Weathering and erosion.

Q7. Give an account of the work of wind.

 They are commonly called mushroom rocks.

Q8. What is a volcano. What are the types of volcanoes.

Volcanoes are categorised into three main categories:

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