Stone in Architecture

STONE IN ARCHITECTURE
STONE
ROCK OR A PIECE OF ROCK QUARRIED AND WORKED INTO A SPECIFIC SIZE AND SHAPE FOR
APARTICLUAR PURPOSE.
ROCK
SOLID MINERAL MATTER, NATURALLY FORMED BY THE ACTION OF HEAT OR WATER AND OCCURING
IN FRAGMENTS ORLARGE MASSES.
THREE CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS:
 IGNEOUS
 METAMORPHIC
 SEDIMENTARY
1. IGNEOUS ROCK
A CLASS OF ROCK FORMED BY THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF

MOLTEN MAGMA AS GRANITE.
JONATHAN TUMANAN | 21-UR-0934 | B.S. ARCHI 1-D

A. GRANITE
GRANITE IS AN IGNEOUS ROCK COMPOSED OF

QUARTZ, MICA AND FELDSPAR. IT IS COMMON AND WIDELY
OCCURRING AND IS NEARLY ALWAYS MASSIVE, HARD AND
TOUGH WHICH MAKES IT SUITABLE FOR APPLICATIONS
THAT WILL REQUIRE WEAR RESISTANCE. IT CAN RANGE IN
COLOUR FROM LIGHT GREY TO BLACK, PINK, BLUE AND
GREEN, ACCORDING TO THE MINERAL CONTENT.
ITS COLOURS, TOUGHNESS AND LOW POROSITY MAKE IT A POPULAR CHOICE

FOR KITCHEN WORKTOPS, AS IT IS ATTRACTIVE AND RESISTS HEAT AND
SPILLAGES OF FOOD AND DRINK. INTERNALLY IT IS ALSO USED FOR TILES,
FIREPLACES, STAIRCASES, WHERE THE WEIGHT IS NOT A PROBLEM, BAR TOPS
AND TABLE TOPS. IT ALSO LENDS ITSELF WELL TO USE OUTDOORS FOR WATER
FEATURES, MONUMENTS AND PAVING.
B. BASSALT
BASSALT IS AN IGNEOUS ROCK THAT IS FORMED

FROM MOLTEN ROCK THAT HAS SOLIDIFIED UNDER
PRESSURE. IT HAS A UNIFORM GREY COLOUR AND IS VERY
HARD AND COMPACT. ITS MOST COMMON USE IS AS AN
AGGREGATE BUT POLISHED BASALT IS ALSO USED FOR
FLOORING, MONUMENTS AND OTHER STONE OBJECTS.
C. OBSIDIAN
A VOLCANIC GLLASS SIMILAR TO GRANITE, USUALLY BLACK WITH A BRIGHT

LUSTER, AND TRANSPARENT IN THIN PLECES.
2. SEDIMENTARY ROCK
A CLASS OF ROCK FORMED BY THE

DESPOSITION OF SEDIMENT, AS LIMESTONE,
SANDSTONE OR SHALE.

A. LIMESTONE
LIMESTONE CONSISTS OF CALCIUM CARBONATE FORMED AT

THE BOTTOM OF SHALLOW LAKES AND SEAS THAT HAS BEEN
COMPACTED OVER TIME. THE PRIMARY SOURCE OF CALCITE IN
LIMESTONES IS MARINE ORGANISMS ALTHOUGH OTHER
SOURCES DO OCCUR. THE PRESENCE OF THESE ORGANISMS MEANS THAT THE STONE OFTEN HAS
FOSSIL INCLUSIONS THAT FORM AN ATTRACTIVE FEATURE WHEN THE STONE IS POLISHED OR HONED. IT
CAN BE CATEGORISED AS EITHER SOFT OR HARD LIMESTONE. VARIOUS COLOURS CAN BE FOUND AS A
RESULT OF THE PRESENCE OF DIFFERENT MINERALS IN THE LIMESTONE.
LIMESTONE LENDS ITSELF TO USE AS FLOOR TILES THROUGHOUT A

BUILDING AND BATHROOM WALL TILES, SHOWER TRAYS, CLADDING AND VANITY
TOPS. IN ADDITION, FIREPLACES AND STAIRCASES ARE OFTEN MANUFACTURED IN
LIMESTONE TO STRIKING EFFECT.
IT IS ALSO FREQUENTLY USED IN THE FABRIC OF A BUILDING SUCH AS

FACADES, CORNICES, PILLARS AND OTHER DECORATIVE FEATURES, ESPECIALLY
IN CONSERVATION AREAS WHERE TRADITIONAL BUILDING MATERIALS ARE
REQUIRED, SUCH AS PORTLAND STONE IN AREAS OF LONDON, BATH STONE IN BATH AND SO ON.
B. SANDSTONE
SANDSTONE IS COMPOSED OF QUARTZ

PARTICLES THAT HAVE ERODED FROM OTHER
ROCKS, COMMONLY GRANITE, AND COHERED
TOGETHER WITH NATURAL CEMENT MINERALS IN
GROUND WATER BEFORE BEING COMPACTED. THE
STONE’S COLOUR DEPENDS ON THE COLOUR OF THE
SAND BUT TENDS TO WARM REDS, YELLOWS AND
ORANGES. IT IS OFTEN USED FOR BUILDING AND PAVING MATERIALS AND OTHER OUTDOOR USES.
SANDSTONE BALLS F
C. TRAVERTINE AS GARDEN ORNA
TRAVERTINE IS A TYPE OF LIMESTONE THAT IS

FORMED BY RAPID PRECIPITATION OF CALCIUM
CARBONATE, MOST COMMONLY AT THE MOUTH OF
A HOT SPRING. IT IS CHARACTERIZED BY PITTED
HOLES AND TROUGHS IN ITS SURFACE, ALTHOUGH
THESE ARE OFTEN FILLED BEFORE HONING OR
POLISHING TO A SMOOTH FINISH. IT IS A POPULAR
STONE FOR USE IN FACADES, WALL CLADDING AND FLOORING AND TO
MAKE BATHROOM ITEMS SUCH AS BASINS AND STANDS, VANITY TOPS,
SHOWER TRAYS AND BATHS.
TRAVERTINE TILES AND SOLID
TRAVERTINE BATHTUB IN A
D. DOLOMITE PRIVATE RESIDENCE
A IIMETONE RICH IN MAGNESIUM CARBONATE.

3. METAMORPHIC ROCK
A CLASS OF ROCK THAT HAS UNDERGONE A

CHANGE IN STRUCTURE, TEXTURE, OR COMPOSITION
DUE TO NATURAL AGENCLES, AS HEAT AND PRESSUE,
ESPECIALLY WHEN THE ROCK BECOMES HARDER AND
MORE CRYSTALLINE.
A. MARBLE
MARBLE IS A METAMORPHIC ROCK THAT IS PREDOMINANTLY

COMPOSED OF CALCITE OR DOLOMITE CRYSTALS. IT IS
CHARACTERISED BY ITS CRYSTAL-LIKE TEXTURE WHICH IS
FORMED BY LIMESTONE BEING CHANGED BY A COMBINATION OF
HEAT AND PRESSURE. IT IS BOTH HARD AND COMPACT.
IT HAS BEEN USED AS A BUILDING MATERIAL FOR CENTURIES

AND IS SUITABLE FOR MANY APPLICATIONS. IT IS MOST OFTEN USED IN BATHROOMS, SPAS
AND SO ON AS WALL AND FLOOR TILES AS WELL AS CLADDING, BATHS, WORK SURFACES,
BASINS AND SHOWER TRAYS. IT IS ALSO COMMONLY USED FOR FIREPLACES, STAIRCASES
AND TABLE TOPS. IT CAN BE USED FOR KITCHEN WORK SURFACES BUT WILL WEAR MORE
THAN GRANITE AND IS MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO STAINING
B. QUARTZITE
QUARTZITE IS A METAMORPHIC ROCK WHICH IS FORMED FROM

PURE QUARTZ SANDSTONE AS A RESULT OF HEATING AND
PRESSURE. QUARTZITE IS VERY HARD AND MORE RESISTANT TO
STAINING THAN GRANITE. BECAUSE OF THIS IT IS HIGHLY PRIZED
FOR USE AS KITCHEN COUNTERTOPS, BUT IT IS EXPENSIVE AS
THERE ARE NOT MANY DEPOSITS SUITABLE FOR USE IN THIS WAY.
OTHER USES INCLUDE WALL AND FLOOR TILES AND STAIRS.
CRUSHED QUARTZITE IS ALSO USED AS RAILWAY BALLAST AND TO PRODUCE
INDUSTRIAL SILICA SAND
C. SLATE
SLATE IS A FINE-GRAINED METAMORPHIC ROCK THAT IS

FORMED WHEN SEDIMENTARY ROCK SUCH AS SHALE IS
SUBJECT TO HIGH PRESSURE. SLATE IS STRONG AND HAS VERY
GOOD WEATHER RESISTANCE AS WELL AS LOW WATER
ABSORPTION, MEANING THAT IT WITHSTANDS FREEZING
TEMPERATURES WELL. IT IS EASY TO SPLIT INTO SHEETS AND
IS A COMMON ROOF COVERING. INTERNALLY ITS MOST
FREQUENT USES ARE AS FLOOR TILES, HEARTHS AND KITCHEN
WORKTOPS.

REFERENCES:
 https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Types_of_stone#Basalt
 A VISUAL DICTIONARY OF ARCHITECTURE BY F.D.K. CHING

Stone in Architecture

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Stone in Architecture

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Stone in Architecture

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

STONE IN ARCHITECTURE

THREE CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS:

A CLASS OF ROCK FORMED BY THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF

JONATHAN TUMANAN | 21-UR-0934 | B.S. ARCHI 1-D

GRANITE IS AN IGNEOUS ROCK COMPOSED OF

ITS COLOURS, TOUGHNESS AND LOW POROSITY MAKE IT A POPULAR CHOICE

BASSALT IS AN IGNEOUS ROCK THAT IS FORMED

A VOLCANIC GLLASS SIMILAR TO GRANITE, USUALLY BLACK WITH A BRIGHT

A CLASS OF ROCK FORMED BY THE

JONATHAN TUMANAN | 21-UR-0934 | B.S. ARCHI 1-D

LIMESTONE CONSISTS OF CALCIUM CARBONATE FORMED AT

LIMESTONE LENDS ITSELF TO USE AS FLOOR TILES THROUGHOUT A

IT IS ALSO FREQUENTLY USED IN THE FABRIC OF A BUILDING SUCH AS

SANDSTONE IS COMPOSED OF QUARTZ

TRAVERTINE IS A TYPE OF LIMESTONE THAT IS

A IIMETONE RICH IN MAGNESIUM CARBONATE.

JONATHAN TUMANAN | 21-UR-0934 | B.S. ARCHI 1-D

A CLASS OF ROCK THAT HAS UNDERGONE A

MARBLE IS A METAMORPHIC ROCK THAT IS PREDOMINANTLY

IT HAS BEEN USED AS A BUILDING MATERIAL FOR CENTURIES

QUARTZITE IS A METAMORPHIC ROCK WHICH IS FORMED FROM

SLATE IS A FINE-GRAINED METAMORPHIC ROCK THAT IS

JONATHAN TUMANAN | 21-UR-0934 | B.S. ARCHI 1-D

You might also like