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Module 6 Measuring Instrumets

Industrial electronics module 6 N2

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stefanpc117
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22 views

Module 6 Measuring Instrumets

Industrial electronics module 6 N2

Uploaded by

stefanpc117
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Industrial Electronics N2

Module 6 : Measuring instruments


Measuring instruments
1.Lenz’s Law
2.Ammeter
3.Voltmeter
4.Ohmmeter
5.Analogue multimeter
6.Digital multimeter

Industrial Electronics N2
Measuring instruments
A measuring instrument is a device which is used to evaluate an unknown quantity
Lenz’s Law
 The direction of an induced emf is always such that it tends to set up a current
opposing the motion and the change of magnetic flux responsible for inducing that
emf
The value being tested is passed
through the coil Moving coil meter
 A current through a conductor in a
magnetic field causes a force to be felt
on the conductor
 The force deflects the pointer
 Values are read off the calibrated scale of the meter

Industrial Electronics N2
The ampere meter (Ammeter)
An ammeter is used to measure the current flowing in a circuit
 The current that will give full scale deflection (fsd) will normally be 1 – 20 mA
 A shunt resistor is placed in parallel to the to
prevent damage to the meter if It is large
 Usually a few resistors are placed in parallel
for selecting the range of the ammeter
𝑰𝒎 ×𝑹𝒎
 𝑹𝒔𝒉 = Rsh = Shunt resistor
𝑰𝒔𝒉
𝑰𝒔𝒉 = 𝑰𝒕 − 𝑰𝒎 Im = Meter current
Rm = Meter internal resistance
𝑰𝒎 ×𝑹𝒎
⟹ 𝑹𝒔𝒉 = Ish = Current through Rsh Ammeter is connected in series
𝑰𝒕 −𝑰𝒎
IL = Current being measured

Industrial Electronics N2
Multi range ammeter
Multi range ammeter
A few resistors are placed in parallel for selecting the range of the ammeter

Industrial Electronics N2
The ampere meter (Ammeter)
Example : A current of 45 A must be measured. The meter has internal resistance of
150 Ω and fsd at 20 mA. Calculate :
1. The value of the shunt resistor (Rsh)
𝐼𝑚 ×𝑅𝑚 0,02×150
𝑅𝑠ℎ = 𝐼𝑡 −𝐼𝑚
= 45−0,02
= 66,696 𝑚𝛺

2.The value of the current through the shunt


𝐼𝑠ℎ = 𝐼𝑡 − 𝐼𝑚 = 45 − 0,02
= 44,98 𝐴

Industrial Electronics N2
The voltmeter
A voltmeter is used to measure the voltage between 2 points in a circuit
 A moving coil meter is used
 Series resistors prevent the meter current
exceeding full scale rating, damaging the meter
 The series resistors are called multipliers
 This enables ranges to be selected
𝑽
 𝑹𝒔𝒆 = − 𝑹𝒎 Rse = Series resistor
𝑰𝒎
𝑽 = 𝑰𝒎 (𝑹𝒔𝒆 + 𝑹𝒎 ) Im = Meter current
Rm = Meter internal resistance
Ise = Current through Rse Voltmeter is connected in parallel
V = Voltage being measured

Industrial Electronics N2
Multi range voltmeter
Multi range voltmeter
A few resistors are placed in parallel for selecting the range of the voltmeter

Industrial Electronics N2
The voltmeter
Example : A meter has a fsd of 15 mA and internal resistance of 150 Ω. Calculate the
value of the multiplier resistor to measure full scale voltage of 200 V
𝑉
 𝑅𝑠𝑒 = − 𝑅𝑚
𝐼𝑚
200
= − 150
0,015
= 13,18 Ω

Industrial Electronics N2
The ohmmeter
A moving coil meter can be used to measure the value of an unknown
resistance (RX)

 R1 = Current limiting resistor


R0 = Variable zero adjustment resistor
RX = Resistance under test

Industrial Electronics N2
Analogue multi meter
A multi-purpose meter used to measure current, voltage and resistance
 It has multi ranging selectivity
 Also known as an AVO meter

Industrial Electronics N2
Analogue multi meter
When using an analogue meter :
 Select the highest scale first, then decrease if necessary
 Do not leave the meter on “Ohms” as it will run the battery down
 Set the meter to zero before making a measurement
 Prevent polarity reversal

Precautions
 Never connect in parallel when measuring current
 Never connect in series when measuring voltage
 Never leave the circuit powered when measuring resistance

Industrial Electronics N2
The digital multi meter
Meter has a numerical readout
 LCD or 7-segment display
 High level of accuracy
 Can automatically select a suitable range
Applications
 Ammeter
 Voltmeter
 Ohmmeter
 Continuity tester
 Diode tester
 Test (HFE) current gain of transistors

Industrial Electronics N2
The digital multi meter
Advantages of digital multimeter over analogue
 Zero adjustment is not necessary
 Polarity reversal protection
 Overload protection
 Auto-ranging
 High degree of accuracy
 Improved response time
 More robust

Industrial Electronics N2
Next Lesson Preparation
Next lesson will cover:
Module 7 : Transducers

Do exercises from today’s class


Read the chapters for the next class

Industrial Electronics N2

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