Pesq. Vet. Bras.

41:e06942, 2021
DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-6942

Original Article
Wildlife Medicine
ISSN 0100-736X (Print)
ISSN 1678-5150 (Online) 

Quantitative study of wild animals received at the

Wild Animals Triage Centers (CETAS) in Bahia and
identification of trafficking routes1
Marilúcia C. Santos2, Debora M. Gomes2, Marialina R. Lima4,
Maria V.B. Santos2, Uilton G. Santos2, Robson B. Cerqueira5,
Juliana T.S.A. Macêdo3 and Pedro M.O. Pedroso2,3*
ABSTRACT.- Santos M.C., Gomes D.M., Lima M.R., Santos M.V.B., Santos U.G., Cerqueira R.B.,
Macêdo J.T.S.A. & Pedroso P.M.O. 2021. Quantitative study of wild animals received at Wild
Animals Triage Centers (CETAS) in Bahia and identification of trafficking routes. Pesquisa
Veterinária Brasileira 41:e06942, 2021. Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade
de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Via L4 Norte s/n, Brasília, DF 70910-970,
Brazil. E-mail: pedrosovet@yahoo.com.br
In Brazil, the illegal capture of wild animals is a crime that contributes to the extinction
of species, besides causing environmental imbalance and suffering to the animals. Here,
we undertook a quantitative survey of animals sent to the “Centro de Triagem de Animais
Silvestres” (CETAS - Wild Animals Triage Centers) from units of Porto Seguro, Salvador, and
Vitória da Conquista during 2009-2019. The 19,317, 34,460, and 43,874 specimens were
registered in the units of Porto Seguro, Vitória da Conquista, and Salvador, respectively.
The distribution of the totals by class included 80,948 (82.90%) birds, 12,007 (12.30%)
reptiles, 4,661 (4.77%) mammals, and 35 arachnids (0.03%). The operations that generated
registration at the CETAS were most frequently apprehensions (67,974; 69.67%), followed
by voluntary surrender (13,367; 13.69%), rescues (12,803; 13.11%), and transfers (2,735;
2.67%). The animals came from 236 municipalities in the state of Bahia, with emphasis on
the municipalities of Salvador, Vitória da Conquista, Feira de Santana, Lençóis, Jequié, and
Paulo Afonso. The evaluation of the quantitative seizures by municipalities indicates that
the BR-116 is one of the most representative routes for the illegal traffic of wild animals in
the state of Bahia and the country.
INDEX TERMS: Wild animals, apprehension, routes, CETAS.

RESUMO.- [Estudo quantitativo de animais silvestres para a extinção das espécies, além de causar desequilíbrios
recebidos nos Centros de Triagens de Animais Silvestres ambientais e sofrimentos aos animais. Este trabalho apresenta
(CETAS) da Bahia e identificação de rotas de tráfico.] No quantitativos de animais recebidos e/ou armazenados nos
Centros de Triagem de Animais Silvestres (CETAS) do estado
Brasil a captura ilegal de animais silvestres é crime e contribui da Bahia, no período de 2009-2019. Os totais de 19.317, 34.460
e 43.874 espécimes foram registrados nas unidades de Porto
1
Received on June 30, 2021.
Accepted for publication on July 12, 2021. Seguro, Vitória da Conquista e Salvador, respectivamente. A
2
Graduate Program in Animal Sciences in the Tropics (PPGCAT), Escola De distribuição dos totais por classe incluiu 80.948 (82,90%)
Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (EMEVZ), Universidade Federal da Bahia aves, 12.007 (12,30%) répteis, 4.661 (4,77%) mamíferos
(UFBA), Av. Adhemar de Barros 500, Ondina, Salvador, BA 40170-110, Brazil. e 35 aracnídeos. Quanto à natureza da operação que gerou
3
Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), o registro nos CETAS, as mais frequentes foram apreensão
Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Via L4 Norte s/n, Brasília, DF 70910-970, (67.974; 69,67%), entrega voluntária (13.367; 13,69%), resgate
Brazil. *Corresponding author: pedrosovet@yahoo.com.br
(12.803; 13,11%) e transferência (2.735; 2,67%). Os animais
4
Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres (CETAS-IBAMA) Salvador, Rua Fernando
Pedreira s/n, Cabula, Estrada das Barreiras, Salvador, BA 41195-220, Brazil. foram apreendidos em 236 municípios do estado da Bahia, com
5
Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas, Hospital Universitário de Medicina destaque para Salvador, Vitória da Conquista, Feira de Santana,
Veterinária (HUMV), Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB), Lençóis, Jequié e Paulo Afonso. A avaliação dos quantitativos
Rua Rui Barbosa 710, Cruz das Almas, BA 44380-000, Brazil. das apreensões por municípios indica que a BR-116 é uma das

1
2 Marilúcia C. Santos et al.

rotas de escoamento mais representativa do tráfico ilegal de number 50/2019. The study was conducted through an exploratory
animais silvestres, no estado da Bahia e no país. analysis of the Terms of Entry of Wild Animals (TEAs) from the
CETAS units of Porto Seguro, Salvador, and Vitória da Conquista.
TERMOS DE INDEXAÇÃO: Animais silvestres, apreensão, rotas, CETAS.
For the Salvador and Vitória da Conquista units, the data
corresponded to the period from 2009 to 2019. For the Porto
INTRODUCTION Seguro unit, the data came from reports sent by those responsible
for the unit, from 2010 to 2016. The report sent by the CETAS Porto
The removal of wild animals from nature with the absence
Seguro unit did not include data on the municipalities where the
of legal permission can be considered to comprise of a set
events occurred. The CETAS units in Porto Seguro and Salvador are
of criminal activity related to the irregular use of wild fauna
under the administrative responsibility of the “Instituto Brasileiro
specimens, involving acts of capture, transport, holding,
do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis” (IBAMA
and commercialization, aimed at obtaining some economic
- Brazilian Institute of Environment and Natural Resources). The
advantage, with damage to the environment (Nassaro 2015).
CETAS Vitória da Conquista unit is under the administration of the
Such conduct threatens Brazilian biodiversity and contributes
Municipal Secretary of the Environment of Vitória da Conquista.
to the extinction of several species in the medium- and long-
The variables analyzed were class, order, total number of
term, causing ecological imbalance and suffering to animals
specimens, form of receipt or collection, and municipality of origin
(Alves et al. 2012a, ICMBio 2014).
(geographic coordinates). The methods of collecting or receiving
Elevated to being considered a global crime by the United
Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC 2020), wild animal animals at the CETAS were classified as apprehension, defined as
trafficking has an estimated financial movement of around the deposit of specimens resulting from enforcement actions by the
US$ 10 to 20 billion per year, and Brazil’s participation is competent agencies, with the issuance of the Notice of Infraction
estimated to be approximately 5-15% of this (Pagano et al. (AI) or the Apprehension and Deposit Term (TAD); rescue, defined
2009, Silva et al. 2015). as the capture of animals carried out by public agencies in response
The capture of animals in nature is part of Brazilian tradition to a request from the population; voluntary delivery, when the
and popular culture, where it is common for wild animals individual spontaneously sought the units or agencies responsible
to be kept as pets in homes, used in religious rituals or for for delivering the specimen kept under their custody; transfer, the
medicinal purposes, hunted for food or sport, and marketed displacement between animal CETAS units by technical guidance.
as a complementary source of income (Alves et al. 2012b). The data from the files and reports were used to prepare tables
In Brazil, commercialization is characterized by intense and survey the municipalities and respective quantities of seized
north-south movement, in which the North, Northeast, and specimens using Microsoft Excel® 2017 software. The data were
Center-West regions participate as capture areas and the South organized and analyzed through descriptive statistics and tabulated
and Southeast regions as major consumers and promoters using the same program for the preparation of tables.
of national and international trafficking. The main form of In order to identify the animal movement routes, a map was
internal transport is by land, occurring in several areas with built with Quantum GIS software. The geographic database used
different destinations (RENCTAS 2002, Lopes 2003, Pagano was downloaded from the National Department of Transport
et al. 2009, Insauralde et al. 2010, Destro et al. 2012). Infrastructure, Road Network, and Brazilian Institute of Geography
Wild animals involved in trafficking, when seized by law and Statistics, administrative and political division. Through the
enforcement agencies, are sent to the “Centro de Triagem de geoprocessing tools, the map containing the municipalities of origin
Animais Silvestres” (CETAS - Wild Animals Triage Centers), as of the animals received at the CETAS units was created, with color
well as animals that are collected or voluntarily surrendered. classification to differentiate each numerical range.
The CETAS consists of legally established units responsible for For species identification, the “Comitê Brasileiro de Registros
receiving, identifying, assessing, recovering, rehabilitating, and Ornitológicos” (Brazilian Committee of Ornithological Records -
disposing of wild animals under their custody (Brasil 2008). CBRO 2014), Brazilian List of Reptiles, Reptiles of Brazil and its
The state of Bahia stands out on the national scene as one Federative Units: List of species (Costa & Bérnils 2014, 2018), and
of the main suppliers of wild animal trafficking through the the Catalogue of life (Roskov et al. 2019) were consulted.
municipalities of Milagres, Feira de Santana, Vitória da Conquista,
and Cipó (Rocha et al. 2006). The most concentrated stretch RESULTS
of this illegal trade is located between the municipalities of In total, 97,651 wild animals were received and distributed
Feira de Santana and Vitória da Conquista, and the presence in the CETAS/BA units, with 19,317 in Porto Seguro from
of individuals trading wild animals along the BR-116 highway 2010 to 2016, and 43,874 in Salvador and 34,460 in Vitória
is common (Souza & Soares Filho 2005). da Conquista from 2009 to 2019. In total, 549 species were
The present study aimed to conduct a quantitative analysis identified in the classes Aves, Reptilia, and Mammalia. Birds
of wild animals received at the CETAS of Porto Seguro, accounted for 82.90% of the total number of animals, and
Salvador, and Vitória da Conquista, in addition to identifying the others were represented by reptiles, mammals, and
possible trafficking routes in the state of Bahia, based on the arachnids (Table 1).
municipalities mentioned as seizure locations in the entry Birds of 26 orders were received, with the highest number
records of wild animals. from Passeriformes (68,096; 84.12%), Psittaciformes (7,500;
9.27%), Strigiformes (1,647; 2.03%), and Columbiformes
MATERIALS AND METHODS (904; 1.12%). The other orders constituted 2,698 (3.32%).
This study was approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use In 103 (0.13%) entries, there was only the word “birds” in
(CEUA) of the “Universidade Federal da Bahia” (UFBA) under protocol the TEAs records (Table 2).

Pesq. Vet. Bras. 41:e06942, 2021

 Quantitative study of wild animals received at the Wild Animals Triage Centers (CETAS) in Bahia and identification of trafficking routes 3

The Reptilia class corresponded to 12.30% of the total Of the nine orders found in the Mammalia class, Primates
number of animals submitted. The order Testudines had the and Didelphimorphia accounted for 34.16% and 27.46%,
highest number of entries, totaling 7,951 specimens. In 86 of respectively, of the total entry records, as shown in Table 4. The
the TEAs, only the term “Reptiles” was mentioned. Detailed other orders corresponded to 36.69%. In 79 TEAs (1.69%),
information is shown in Table 3. only the term “Mammals” was included.
The Aves class prevailed quantitatively over the other
Table 1. Absolute and relative frequency of vertebrate classes classes, except for the transfer entry modality, in which the
deposited at CETAS units, Bahia, Brazil, from 2009 to 2019 Reptilia class surpassed it. In total, 69.67% of the animals were
Class Absolute frequency Relative frequency% seized, followed by rescued (13.69%), voluntarily delivered
Birds 80,948 82.90% (13.11%), and transferred (2.67%). The form of receipt was
Reptilia 12,007 12.30% not informed for 0.85% of the animals. Overall, 35 specimens
Mammalia 4,661 4.77% of the Arachnida class were received, all belonging to the
Arachnid 35 0.04% order Araneae in the rescue modality.
TOTAL 97,651 100% There were 236 municipalities identified in the TEAs of
the CETAS units (Fig.1). The municipalities with the highest
Table 2. Absolute and relative frequency of birds described number of seized specimens were Salvador (11,815), Vitória da
by order deposited in the CETAS units, Bahia, Brazil, from Conquista (7,277), Feira de Santana (2,705), Lençóis (2,575),
2009 to 2019
Absolute Table 4. Absolute and relative frequency of specimens
Order Relative % frequency
frequency of the nine orders of the Mammalia class deposited in the
Passerines 68,096 84.12% CETAS units, Bahia, Brazil, from 2009 to 2019
Psittaciformes 7,500 9.27% Absolute
Order Relative % frequency
Strigiform 1,647 2.03% frequency
Columbiform 904 1.12% Primates 1,592 34.16%
Accipitriform 707 0.87% Didelphimorphia 1,280 27.46%
Falconiform 553 0.68% Pilosa 869 18.64%
Pelecaniform 206 0.25% Carnivorous 301 6.46%
Piciformes 194 0.24% Rodentia 288 6.18%
Sphenisciformes 179 0.22% Cingulata 194 4.16%
Procellariiform 174 0.21% Cetartiodactyla 41 0.88%
Gruiform 119 0.15% Lagomorpha 10 0.21%
Caprimulgiform 85 0.11% Chiroptera 7 0.15%
Charadriiformes 78 0.10% Not identified in the TEAEs 79 1.69%%
Apodiform 59 0.07% TOTAL 4,661 100%
Cathartiform 55 0.07%
Galliform 49 0.06%
Cuculiform 48 0.06%
Tinamiform 43 0.05%
Anseriforem 39 0.05%
Cariamiform 27 0.03%
Nyctibiiform 25 0.03%
Coraciiform 22 0.03%
Suliform 20 0.02%
Rheiform 13 0.02%
Galbuliform 2 0.00%
Trogoniform 1 0.00%
Not identified in the TEAs 103 0.13%
TOTAL 80,948 100%

Table 3. Absolute and relative frequency of specimens of

the three orders of the Reptilia class deposited in the CETAS
units, Bahia, Brazil, from 2009 to 2019
Order Absolute frequency Relative % frequency
Testudinata 7,951 66.22%
Squamata 3,913 32.59%
Crocodilia 57 0.47%
Not identified in the TEAs 86 0.72% Fig.1. Map of municipalities with entry records in the CETAS units,
TOTAL 12,007 100% Bahia, Brazil, from 2009 to 2019.

Pesq. Vet. Bras. 41:e06942, 2021

4 Marilúcia C. Santos et al.

Jequié (1,946), and Paulo Afonso (1,667). The BR-116 highway zootechnical resources by the population of 21 municipalities
emerged as the most used wild animal trafficking route in the (Costa-Neto 2011).
state. These data can be seen in Figure 1. In a study conducted by Borges et al. (2006), it was found
that the animals with the highest number of rescues belonged
DISCUSSION to the Squamata order, and one of the reasons given was the
lack of attractiveness as pets, except for some species that are
The results show that the total number of wild animal species
of interest to fascinated groups. Souza et al. (2007) pointed
sent to CETAS/BA represents 9.15% of the ∼6,000 species
out that the lack of interest in keeping snakes may be justified
seized worldwide (UNODC 2020). This can be considered
by the population’s fear of these animals. For the order
significant if compared to the study conducted by Masés-García
Crocodilia, the number was less expressive; 57 specimens
et al. (2021) in Oaxaca, Southern Mexico, whose proportion
were recorded, and these animals have not been used as pets
was 3.8%. The highest volume of wild animals received at because they are considered dangerous and endanger people’s
the CETAS/BA units corresponded to the class Aves. A similar lives (Souza et al. 2007). Reptiles are reported to be used in
result was reported by the IBAMA (2002), wherein birds folk medicine, as subsistence food, and for the marketing of
accounted for 82% of the total number of animals smuggled their byproducts, such as meat and skin (Alves et al. 2007).
into Brazil. In the state of São Paulo, 98% of the occurrence The Mammalia class was the least representative quantitatively
records corresponded to the class Aves (SEMA/PMA-SP compared to birds and reptiles, a fact already observed by
2006). For the Environmental Military Police of the state of Pagano et al. (2009) and Destro et al. (2012). The Mammalia
São Paulo, the preference for birds can be associated with class presents particularities in relation to the others regarding
the fact that they have a lower price in the illegal market the modality of entry into the CETAS, considering that the vast
compared to other animals (SEMA/PMA-SP 2006). Alves et majority of records consist of voluntary delivery and rescue.
al. (2012a), Destro et al. (2012), Mendes (2018), and Silva The number of records by seizure is considered low when
et al. (2015) corroborate this information and state that the compared to that of bird species. However, Braczkowski et
national and international predilection for birds may occur al. (2019) stated that the trafficking of the jaguar (Panthera
due to their beauty, song, and easy handling, subsequently onca), is intensifying in Latin America, particularly in Brazil,
being more susceptible to domestication. Bolivia, Suriname, Costa Rica, and Peru, to satisfy Southeast
Among the birds included in this study, the orders that Asia, which can be considered worrying in view of the low
presented the highest numbers were Passeriformes and notification of seizure pointed out in studies concerning the
Psittaciformes. The preference for these two orders has already topic. When aiming to understand this low mammal seizure,
been consolidated in previous Brazilian studies (Bastos et nothing was found in previous studies that deals with this
al. 2008, Franco et al. 2012, Azevedo et al. 2017, Costa et subject, suggesting that future studies should aim at filling
al. 2018). The choice of some passerine birds occurs due to this gap.
their greater abundance in nature, as well as because they The proportion of animals received in the seizure modality
arouse great interest for having a vocal repertoire, exuberant identified in the present study was similar to that identified
plumage, and strong colors (Alves et al. 2013). Psittaciformes by Vilela (2012). Higher proportions were found in the states
are the most popular pet birds in the world due to their of Paraíba (84%) (Pagano et al. 2009) and São Paulo (90%)
intelligence and ability to imitate the human voice, as well (Beck et al. 2017). In the CETAS units, it was observed that
as their beauty and docility (Alves et al. 2012a, Costa 2017). seizure was the most frequent form of entry of animals, which
In Brazil, the demand for Psittaciformes has been present may indicate actions to combat wildlife trafficking. Despite
since the 16th century, when parrots were some of the main the legal prohibition of keeping wild animals in captivity
exports to Portugal, according to Bueno (1998). through Federal Law No. 9.605/1998 (Brasil 1998), this
The second class of animals with the highest number practice occurs throughout the national territory.
of individuals recorded at the CETAS/BA for the analyzed The entry record for the voluntary surrender and rescue
period was the Reptilia class. In a study conducted by modality was less significant than the apprehension modality,
Masés-García et al. (2021), reptiles were identified as the which is similar to that observed by Destro et al. (2012)
class most targeted by trafficking in the state of Oaxaca. The and Avelar et al. (2015). In the semi-arid region of Bahia, it
order Testudinata, which includes terrapins, tortoises, and was found that 56.86% of the total notifications related to
turtles, accounted for the largest number of records, followed environmental infraction notices corresponded to the action
by Squamata and Crocodilia. The results presented in this of keeping wild fauna in captivity (Almeida & Santos 2018).
study are in accordance with those of Mendes et al. (2016) In this case, it is common to breed wild animals as pets,
and Souza et al. (2007); however, they differ from those especially birds (Dantas-Aguiar 2011). The use of wildlife
obtained by Avelar et al. (2015), where the order Squamata in the northeast region is associated with sociocultural
was the most represented. The order Testudinata stood out and economic factors, since animals are used as a source of
because the methods of capture, transport, and marketing of protein, especially mammals, and for religious, ritual, and
chelonians occur more easily because they are silent, slow, sport purposes (Alves et al. 2009, 2012b, Barbosa et al. 2011).
and non-aggressive animals. Such observations can be seen Regarding the geographical movement of animals, it was
as facilitators for wildlife traffickers (Fuccio et al. 2003). It possible to identify that the municipalities with the highest
is reported that the demand for these animals for domestic volumes of occurrence records are close to or traversed by
breeding may be associated with the belief that they promote the BR-116 highway, one of the longest Brazilian highways;
the cure for respiratory diseases (Pimentel & Santos 2009). for example, Feira de Santana and Vitória da Conquista
In the state of Bahia, Testudinata and Squamata are used as (Souza & Soares Filho 2005). The BR-116 highway begins

Pesq. Vet. Bras. 41:e06942, 2021

 Quantitative study of wild animals received at the Wild Animals Triage Centers (CETAS) in Bahia and identification of trafficking routes 5

in Fortaleza, Ceará, and runs through 10 states, including Caatinga of northeastern Brazil. J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed. 9:14. <https://
Bahia, São Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro, and ends in Rio Grande dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-9-14> <PMid:23445769>
do Sul at the border with Uruguay, which may indicate that Alves R.R.N., Lima J.R.F. & Araujo H.F.P. 2012a. The live bird trade in Brazil and
the highway is an outflow route for wild animal trafficking its conservation implications: an overiew. Bird Conserv. Int. 23(1):53-65.
to the southeast and south regions. <https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S095927091200010X>
The semi-arid region of Bahia stands out for the number of Alves R.R.N., Mendonça L.E.T., Confessor M.V.A., Vieira W.L.S. & Lopez L.C.S.
seizures recorded in the municipalities of Irecê and Jacobina. 2009. Hunting strategies used in the semi-arid region of northeastern
However, the flow of nearby roads is not observed, which Brazil. J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed. 5:12. <https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-
may suggest that these municipalities are also areas where 4269-5-12>
wild animals are caught and traded. The municipalities of Alves R.R.N., Pereira Filho G.A. & Lima Y.C.C. 2007. Snakes used in ethnomedicine
Salvador, Vitória da Conquista, Feira de Santana, and Paulo in Northeast Brazil. Environ. Develop. Sustain. 9:455-464. <https://dx.doi.
Afonso were mentioned by RENCTAS (2002), Parliamentary org/10.1007/s10668-006-9031-x>
Inquiry Commission on Trafficking in Wild Animals and Avelar E.R., Silva R. & Baptista L.A.M.L. 2015. Ameaças à sobrevivência de
Plants (Câmara dos Deputados 2003), and Souza & Soares animais silvestres no Estado de Goiás. Uniciências 19(2):132-140. <https://
Filho (2005) as wild animal traders. Other municipalities dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-5141.2015v19n2p%25p>
previously mentioned, such as Milagres, Itatim, Riachão do Azevedo S.A., Silva G.P. & Braga G.M.S. 2017. Manejo de fauna apreendida
Jacuípe, Ituberá, Castro Alves, and Amargosa, in the present no município de Imperatriz, região sudoeste do estado do Maranhão.
study showed little or no activity (RENCTAS 2002, Hamada PUBVET 11(11):1098-1103. <https://dx.doi.org/10.22256/pubvet.
2004, Souza & Soares Filho 2005, Carvalho 2006). v11n11.1098-1103>
However, the number of animals entering the CETAS from Barbosa J.A.A., Nobrega V.A. & Alves R.R.N. 2011. Hunting practices in the
the municipalities of Lençóis, in the Chapada Diamantina semiarid region of Brazil. Indian J. Trad. Know. 10(3):486-490.
region, Jequié, Poções, Firmino Alves, Irecê, Santo Antônio Bastos L.F., Luz V.L.F., Reis I.J. & Souza V.L. 2008. Apreensão de espécimes
de Jesus, Valença, Paramirim, and Itabuna stands out. The da fauna silvestre em Goiás - situação e destinação. Revta Biol. Neotrop.
entanglement of routes that transport the animals is a 5(2):51-63. <https://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rbn.v5i2.9822>
challenge for authorities, since the turnover is diverse. Wild Beck R.M., Reis S.T.J. & Rocha N.S. 2017. Estudo retrospectivo das ocorrências
animal trafficking networks are highly flexible and changeable de crimes contra a fauna atendidos pela Polícia Militar Ambiental do estado
and as one access point, information source, or connection de São Paulo, 2012-2015. Braz. J. Forensic Sci. Med. Law Bioeth. 6(3):453-
is interrupted, another is immediately created (Hernandez 466. <https://dx.doi.org/10.17063/bjfs6(3)y2017453>
& Carvalho 2006). Borges R.C., Oliveira A., Bernardo N. & Costa R.M.M.C. 2006. Diagnóstico da
fauna silvestre apreendida e recolhida pela Polícia Militar de Meio Ambiente
CONCLUSION de Juiz de Fora, MG (1998 e 1999). Revta Bras. Zoociênc. 8(1):23-33.
The number of animals sent to CETAS suggests that the state of Braczkowski A., Ruzo A., Sanchez F., Castagnino R., Brown C., Guynup S.,
Bahia is active as a supplier of wild animals for trafficking. The Winter S., Gandy D. & O’Bryan C. 2019. The ayahuasca tourism boom: an
emergence of new municipalities along the BR-116 interstate undervalued demand driver for jaguar body parts? Conserv. Sci. Pract.
1(12):e126. <https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/csp2.126>
highway that are active in the scenario of commercialization
and outflow of wild animals to other states may identify new Brasil 1998. Lei nº 9.605, de 12 de fevereiro de 1998. Dispõe sobre as sanções
routes for wild animal trafficking. penais e administrativas derivadas de condutas e atividades lesivas ao
meio ambiente, e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial da União, Brasília,
Acknowledgments.- The first author thanks the “Fundação de Amparo à DF. Available at <http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l9605.htm>.
Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia” (FAPESB) for granting him a PhD scholarship; Accessed on Mar. 12, 2020.
the “Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres” (CETAS) Salvador and Vitória Brasil 2008. Instrução Normativa Ibama Nº 169, de 20 de fevereiro de
da Conquista units for the technical and logistic support and for supplying 2008. Institui e normatiza as categorias de uso e manejo da fauna
the database; the state superintendence of “Instituto Brasileiro do Meio silvestre em cativeiro em território brasileiro. Diário Oficial da União,
Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis” (IBAMA) in Bahia; the regional Brasília, DF. Available at <https://www.ibama.gov.br/component/
legislacao/?view=legislacao&legislacao=113878> Accessed on May 12, 2019.
management of environmental crimes of the federal highway police of Bahia;
and the integrated preventive surveillance and Bahia public prosecutor’s Bueno E. 1998. A Viagem do Descobrimento: a verdadeira história da expedição
office for providing information on wildlife surveillance in the state. do Cabral. Vol. 1. Objetiva, Rio de Janeiro, p.95-125.

Conflict of interest statement.- The authors declare that there is no Câmara dos Deputados 2003. Comissão Parlamentar de Inquérito destinada
a investigar o tráfico ilegal de animais e plantas silvestres da fauna e flora
conflict of interest.
brasileiras. Relatório Final, Câmara dos Deputados, Brasília, DF. Available at
<https://www2.camara.leg.br/atividade-legislativa/comissoes/comissoes-
REFERENCES temporarias/parlamentar-de-inquerito/51-legislatura/cpitrafi/relatorio/
relatoriofinal.pdf> Accessed on Feb. 5, 2019.
Almeida M.L.A. & Santos C.A.B. 2018. Diagnosis of fauna apprehension in the
semi-arid region of Bahia: an analysis from the environmenral notices of Carvalho E.S. 2006. Tráfico interno de fauna silvestre - pássaros. Revta Bras.
violation. Int. J. Develop. Res. 8(10):23462-23470. Direito Anim. 1(1):123-137. <https://dx.doi.org/10.9771/rbda.v1i1.10244>
Alves R.R.N., Gonçalves M.B.R. & Vieira W.L. S. 2012b. Caça, uso e conservação CBRO 2014. Lista das aves do Brasil. 11ª ed. Comitê Brasileiro de Registros
de vertebrados no semiárido brasileiro. Trop. Conserv. Sci. 5(3):394-416. Ornitológicos. Available at <http://www.cbro.org.br/PDF/avesbrasil_2014jan1.
<https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194008291200500312> pdf> Accessed on Jun. 16, 2020.
Alves R.R.N., Leite R.C.L., Souto W.M.S., Bezerra D.M. & Lourdes-Ribeiro A. Costa F.J.V. 2017. Atualizações sobre o tráfico de animais no Brasil, p.23-50.
2013. Ethno-ornithology and conservation of wild birds in the semi-arid In: Costa F.J.V., Ferreira J.M., Monteiro K.R.G. & Mayrink R.R. (Eds), Ciência

Pesq. Vet. Bras. 41:e06942, 2021

6 Marilúcia C. Santos et al.

contra o Tráfico: avanços no combate ao comércio ilegal de animais Mendes F.L.S. 2018. Apreensão de aves silvestres brasileiras que foram
silvestres. Imprell, João Pessoa. exportadas ilegalmente para Portugal. Revta Bras. Zoociênc. 19(1):56-66.
<https://dx.doi.org/10.34019/2596-3325.2018.v19.24688>
Costa F.J.V., Ribeiro R.E., Souza C.A. & Navarro R.D. 2018. Espécies de
aves traficadas no Brasil: uma meta-análise com ênfase nas espécies Mendes F.L.S., Simonian L.T.L. & Mendonça Y.D.S.M. 2016. Análise comparativa
ameaçadas. Front. J. Soc. Technol. Environ. Sci. 7(2):324-346. <https:// de apreensões de animais silvestres em dois estados da região Amazônica.
dx.doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2018v7i2.p324-346> Revta Bras. Geogr. Fís. 9(2):658-666. <https://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.
v9.2.p658-666>
Costa H.C. & Bérnils R.S. 2014. Répteis brasileiros: lista de espécies. Herpetol.
Bras. 3(3):74-84. Nassaro A.L.F. 2015. Tráfico de animais silvestres e policiamento ambiental
(oeste do Estado de São Paulo, 1998 a 2012). Cultura Acadêmica, São
Costa H.C. & Bérnils R.S. 2018. Répteis do Brasil e suas unidades federativas:
Paulo, p.22-30.
lista de espécies. Herpetol. Bras. 7(1):11-57.
Pagano I.S.A., Sousa A.E.B.A., Wagner P.G.C. & Ramos R.T.C. 2009. Aves
Costa-Neto E.M. 2011. The popular zootherapy in Bahia State: registration
depositadas no centro de triagem de animais silvestres do IBAMA na
of new animal species used as medicinal resources. Revta Ciênc. Saúde
Paraíba: uma amostra do tráfico de aves silvestres no estado. Ornithologia
Coletiva 16(Supl.1):1639-1650. <https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-
3(2):132-144.
81232011000700100> <PMid:21503516>
Pimentel P.C.B. & Santos J.M. 2009. Diagnóstico do tráfico de animais
Dantas-Aguiar P.R., Barreto R.M., Santos-Fita D. & Santos E.B. 2011. Hunting
silvestres no estado da Bahia: identificação, quantificação e caracterização
activities and wild fauna use: a profile of Queixo D’antas community, Campo
das espécies-alvo. Diálogos Ciência, Revta Rede Ensino FTC 3(8):35-44.
Formoso, Bahia, Brazil. Biorem. Biodiv. Bioavail. 5(1):34-43.
RENCTAS 2002. I Relatório nacional sobre o tráfico da fauna silvestre. Rede
Destro G.F.G., Pimentel T.L., Sabaini R.M., Borges R.C. & Barreto R. 2012. Efforts
Nacional de Combate ao Tráfico de Animais Silvestres, Brasília, p.108.
to combat wild animals trafficking in Brazil, p.421-436. In: Lameed G.A.
(Ed.), Biodiversity Enrichment in a Diverse World. InTech, Rijeka, Croatia. Rocha M.D.S.P., Cavalcanti P.C.M., Sousa R.L. & Alves R.R.N. 2006. Aspectos
da comercialização ilegal de aves nas feiras livres de Campina Grande,
Franco M.R., Câmara F.M., Rocha D.C.C., Souza R.M. & Oliveira N.J.F. 2012.
Paraíba, Brasil. Revta Biol. Ciênc. Terra 6(2):204-221.
Animais silvestres apreendidos no período de 2002 a 2007 na macrorregião
de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Enciclopédia Biosfera 8(14):1007-1018. Roskov Y., Ower G., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T.,
Dewalt R. E., Decock W., Nieukerken E., Zarucchi J. & Penev L. 2019. Species
Fuccio H., Carvalho E.F. & Vargas G. 2003. Perfil da caça e dos caçadores no
2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 2019 Annual Checklist. Available at <www.
Estado do Acre, Brasil. Revta Aportes Andinos 6:1-18.
catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2019> Accessed on Jan. 16, 2020.
Hamada H.H. 2004. Tráfico de animais silvestres-uma abordagem analítica
SEMA/PMA-SP 2006. Tráfico de animais da fauna silvestre nacional.
do fenômeno criminal no estado de Minas Gerais. O Alferes 19(56):59-82.
Dados estatísticos e estratégias operacionais 2001-2005. Secretaria
Hernandez E.F.T. & Carvalho M.S. 2006. O tráfico de animais silvestres no Estadual do Meio Ambiente e Polícia Militar Ambiental do Estado de São
Estado do Paraná. Acta Scient., Human Social Sci. 28(2):257-266. <https:// Paulo, São Paulo, p.1-26. Available at <https://www.cetesb.sp.gov.br/
dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascihumansoc.v28i2.168> noticentro/2006/07/17_pm.pdf> Accessed on Jan. 10, 2019.
IBAMA 2002. Quantitativo de espécimes recebidos nos núcleos de fauna e Silva E.M., Oliveira E.L.R., Lima V.F.S., Borges J.C.G. & Porto W.J.N. 2015.
CETAS em 2002. Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Aves silvestres comercializadas ilegalmente em feiras livres da cidade de
Naturais Renováveis. Available at <http://www.ibama.gov.br/fauna/ Arapiraca, Alagoas. Enciclopédia Biosfera 11(21):2045-2057.
trafico/ downloads/dados_2002.pdf> Accessed on Jan. 12, 2020.
Souza G.M. & Soares Filho A.O. 2005. O comércio ilegal de aves silvestres na
ICMBio 2014. Tráfico de animais contribui para extinção de espécies. Instituto região do Paraguaçu e Sudoeste da Bahia. Enciclopédia Biosfera (1):1-11.
Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade. Available at <https://
Souza V.L., Santos T.M., Peña A.P., Luz V.L.F. & Reis I.J. 2007. Caracterização
www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/ultimas-noticias/4905-trafico-de-animais-
dos répteis descartados por mantenedores particulares e entregues ao
contribui-para-extincao-de-especies> Accessed on Jan. 12, 2019.
centro de conservação e manejo de répteis e anfíbios-RAN. Revta Biol.
Insauralde A.L., Guia M. & Felix G. 2010. O tráfico de animais e suas Neotrop. 4(2):149-160. <https://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rbn.v4i2.5215>
consequências. Anais XVI Encontro Nacional de Geógrafos, Porto Alegre,
UNODC 2020. World Wildlife Crime Report 2020. United Nations Office
RS, p.1-10. (Resumo)
on Drugs and Crime. Available at <https://www.unodc.org/documents/
Lopes J.C.A. 2003. Operações de fiscalização da fauna: análise, procedimentos data-and-analysis/wildlife/2020/World_Wildlife_Report_2020_9July.pdf>
e resultados. p.15-49. In: RENCTAS (Eds), Animais Silvestres: vida à venda, Accessed on Sep. 14, 2020.
2ª ed. RENCTAS, Brasília.
Vilela D.A.R. 2012. Diagnóstico de situação dos animais silvestres recebidos
Masés-García C.A., Briones-Salas M. & Sosa-Escalante J.E. 2021. Assessment nos CETAS brasileiros e Chlamydophila psittaci em papagaios (Amazona
of wildlife crime in a high-biodiversity region of Mexico. J. Nat. Conserv. aestiva) no CETAS de Belo Horizonte, MG. Doctoral Dissertation, Universidade
59:125932. <https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2020.125932> Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte. 128p.

Pesq. Vet. Bras. 41:e06942, 2021