People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria

Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research

University of Abdelhamid Mehri – Constantine 2

Faculty of New Technologies of Information and Communication (NTIC)

Department of Fundamental Computing and its Applications (IFA)

BACHELOR’S THESIS

to obtain the diploma of Bachelor degree in Computer Science

Option: Computer Sciences (SCI)

——————————–

An IoT-Based System for Advanced Weather

Monitoring

——————————–

Realized by: Under supervision of:

Doudou Mohammed Sami Dr. CHEKATI Adil
Batouri Youcef
Khomri Mohammed El Amine

June 2024
Acknowledgments

ii
 Dedication

(In this section, you dedicate this thesis to important people for you. This should not also
exceed 1 page.)

iii
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Abstract

Weather forecasting stations used to forecast weather conditions are usually

expensive, large and require professional personnel to operate properly. The
main objective of the project is to design and implement an affordable,
portable and easy-to-use weather monitor that can be used in a variety of
applications ranging from agricultural to industrial, to track weather elements
such as temperature, humidity...etc., using several sensors that are connected
to a controller Minutes from the microcontroller. And to display the data on
the embedded display and upload said data to the IOT platform so that it can
be viewed on a range of internet-connected devices, thus eliminating the need
to be physically near the weather monitor hardware.

Keywords: weather forcasting stations, expensive, portable weather monitor,

sensors, IoT platform.

iv
 Résumé

(Les stations de prévision météorologique utilisées pour prévoir les conditions

météorologiques sont généralement coûteuses, volumineuses et nécessitent
du personnel professionnel pour fonctionner correctement. L’objectif
principal du projet est de concevoir et de mettre en œuvre un moniteur
météorologique abordable, portable et facile à utiliser, qui peut être utilisé
dans une variété d’applications allant de l’agriculture à l’industrie, pour
suivre des éléments météorologiques tels que la température, l’humidité, etc.,
en utilisant plusieurs capteurs connectés à un contrôleur à partir du
microcontrôleur. Et d’afficher les données sur l’écran intégré et de télécharger
lesdites données sur la plateforme IoT afin qu’elles puissent être consultées
sur une gamme d’appareils connectés à Internet, éliminant ainsi le besoin
d’être physiquement proche du matériel de surveillance météorologique.)

Mots clés : Stations de prévision météorologique,Coûteuses,Moniteur

météorologique portable,Abordable,Capteurs,Plateforme IoT.

v
 Table of Contents

Acknowledgments ii

Dedication iii

Abstracts iv

Table of Contents vi

List of Figures ix

List of Tables x

List of Algorithms xi

General Introduction 1

1 State of the Art: Project presentation and basic concepts 3

1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Weather Monitoring Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2.1 The needs of Weather Monitoring Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2.2 Review of Existing Weather Monitoring Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2.3 Current Challenges and Opportunities in Weather Monitoring . . . . 6
1.3 The Internet of Things (IoT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3.1 Definition of Internet of Things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3.2 History of the Internet of Things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3.3 IoT tools and technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.4 Synthesis and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

vi
2 Analysis and Design 11
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2 Definition of UP (Unified Process) & UML (Unified Modeling Language . . 11
2.2.1 UP (Unified Process): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2.2 UML language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.2.3 UML Diagrams: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.2.4 Criteria for Choosing UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.3 Capturing Functional Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.3.1 Actors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.3.2 Functional Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.4 Context diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.4.1 Context diagram definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.4.2 Static context diagram definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.4.3 Dynamic context diagram definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.5 Use case diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.5.1 Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.6 Description sheet for use cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.7 Sequence diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.7.1 Sequence diagram definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.8 Class diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.8.1 Class diagram definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.9 Relational logic model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.9.1 Relational logic model definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

3 Implementation & Experiments 20

3.1 Simulation of the Weather Monitoring System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.1.1 Introduction to $YourSimulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.1.2 Presentation of our $YourSimulator Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.1.3 Devices used for design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.2 $Mobile/Web application implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.2.1 Software environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.2.2 Hardware environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.3 System architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.4 $Mobile/Web application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.4.1 User interfaces (UI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

General Conclusion 22

vii
Bibliography 23

Acronyms 24

Bibliography 25

viii
 List of Figures

2.1 Up Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.2 Use Case Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

ix
List of Tables

x
List of Algorithms

xi
 General Introduction

(The introduction, which must not exceed 3 pages, consists of the following four sections.)

Project Background
Weather and climate are among the foremost factors which determine how a society de-
velops in a geographical region. Weather describes a event for a short period of time
such as an hour or a day, and it includes current atmospheric conditions such as the tem-
perature, precipitation, humidity and the speed and direction of the wind. On the other
hand, climate refers to the behavior of the atmosphere on a place over the span of many
years. We are always with or around a weather forecast, on average we might encounter
four or five weather forecasts per day in the shape of: news bulletin, newspapers, social
media sites, and on tv [1,2]. Weather influences people’s lives, property, and activities,
it also plays a massive role in the world economy, especially in Africa. The reason for
the circumstance is that most African countries rely on agriculture as their main source
of income. As an example, agriculture represents between 30employs about 80droughts
and heatwaves) can affect farms in different ways, too much water can cause damage to a
farm. Floods can postpone the planting of crops along with oxygen depletion after they
are planted. Flooding enhances the possibility of disease and triggers nitrogen loss in
crops; Also, in the construction field the warping in lumber products and the speed at
which some components dry depend on the humidity levels in the air, transportation on
land, sea and air rely on the weather conditions to determine if traveling is safe or not.
This actively demonstrates that monitoring and forecasting weather is crucial. Weather
data is important and has a direct impact on our daily lives [4, 5]. The data collected such
as rainfall and temperature can be used to serve as a precautionary measure against nat-
ural disasters. A weather monitoring system is used to collect data such as temperature,
humidity, precipitation, and wind speed. It also can update data more frequently, as it can

1
be programmed to update its data readings on a minute or hourly bases. We interfaced
a variety of sensors ranging from a temperature sensor to a light sensitive sensor with a
microcontroller to view the real time weather conditions on a display screen and, be able
to connect to the internet and send the current weather conditions wirelessly to an IOT
platform and be able to view them without the need to be physically present in the same
place as the weather monitor hardware.

Problem
Professional weather stations are extremely expensive, lack portability and ease of use for
the everyday consumer. Also, most weather data found on the internet are an approxi-
mation, and some applications might require accurate readings which, in turn render the
data found on the internet useless for that specific application.

Proposed Solutions
In this work, we propose to design and implement an microcontroller based weather
monitoring system with the following objectives:
-Collect data from multiple sensors interfaced with the esp32 microcontroller.
-Display the data processed by the microcontroller on a liquid crystal display.
-Share the collected data to an IoT platform, allowing it to be viewed from any internet-
connected device, such as a phone or a PC.

Methodology
Determine the project objectives and figure out a mechanism to achieve them, study
previous researches related to weather monitoring to help with the writing of the literature
review, build a software simulation of the project to check that it is functional and then
build a hardware prototype using a variety of sensors and an ESP32 based microcontroller
that can connect to the internet to upload its collected data to be able to view this data on
a device that can connect to the internet such as a mobile phone or a personal computer.

Document Plan
This thesis is organized as follows: In the first chapter, we...

2
 Chapter

1
State of the Art: Project
presentation and basic concepts

(Here, you present the state of the art that situates the contribution of your project through
the treated area. should not exceed 10 pages. Each chapter should be structured as
follows:)

1.1 Introduction
Climate change clearly affects agriculture, aviation, and disaster preparation to a sig-
nificant extent implying the necessity of monitoring systems. This paper considers the
state-of-the-art technology, customer requirements, and the various options available.
However, it illustrates the fact that the internet of things (IoT) will introduce a revolution-
ary change in weather monitoring, revealing how it can improve the present problems and
open up new possibilities for the future, for example, by providing dense sensor networks
and instant insights. This research paper is intended to lead readers into comprehending
the connection between weather monitoring and IoT.

1.2 Weather Monitoring Systems

1.2.1 The needs of Weather Monitoring Systems

Traditional weather monitoring systems struggle to meet the wide variety of requirements
many customers have because of their low resolution data, outdated status reports and
their presence in remote areas. In order to achieve heavy irrigation and crop manage-
ment, farmers need information about temperature, rain, and soil moisture respectively.
Additionally, pilots should get accurate updates of the wind speed and visibility on time
to meet their safety flying requirements.
The Internet of Things (IoT) provides answers to several vital requirements:

3
 ▶ Denser sensor networks: IoT permits a wider set of sensing systems to deploy, thus
providing much detailed hyperlocal weather information. This refers to agriculture,
urban construction, and environment monitoring.
▶ Real-time monitoring: Data from the sensors can be instantly transferred and ana-
lyzed yielding an actionable process for moment-by-moment decision making. This
factor is critical for prevention, better aviation safety, and in-time weather alert.
▶ Remote data collection: Even in locations like the top of the mountain, or remote
fields, sensor data can be collected and relayed in real time using various IoT tech-
nologies. This allows for applications such as remote weather forecasting, environ-
mental control, and climate change study to flourish.

Consequently, IoT is transforming weather monitoring in a significant way, enabling it to

be more precise, dependable, and productive.

1.2.2 Review of Existing Weather Monitoring Systems

Weather predictions are based on multiple methods where no method is perfect for any
kind of weather outcome. The ways certain new technologies such as the internet of
things could be used to address these limitations is where investing is required. Here is a
summary of some of the most important current weather monitoring systems:

1.2.2.1 Commercial Weather Monitoring Systems:

▶ Automated Weather Network (AWN): A large national corporation with privately

owned stations across the US, which deliver data on weather circumstances to a
broad segment of subscribers, including agriculture, aviation and energy industries.

Strengths: Gives on-time and accurate data through a broad vast system. The appli-
cations of these technologies, in sectors such as agriculture and aviation, are numerous.
Limitations: Data availability itself requires subscriptions, particularly for those who
cannot afford them.This statistic can be dependent on location.
▶ Weather Buoys: These fixed devices that are permanently installed in the ocean
deeps or lakes gather information like the wind speed and height as well as atmo-
spheric pressure. They play a pivotal role in providing weather predictions for the
sea and also in observing the variety of ocean conditions.

Strengths: provides crucial data for marine weather forecasting and monitoring ocean
conditions.

4
 Limitations: Only carrying out the analyses on the water areas, thus ignoring the on
the land effects of climate changes. Sustainment as well as shipment may end up costing
a lot.

1.2.2.2 Established Monitoring Stations:

▶ HOBO Weather Monitoring Stations: portable devices that can be used for data
collection and monitoring of the environment. These devices receive input from
sensors that gauge different variables such as temperature and humidity, which are
useful as scientific research tools and in meteorological applications.

Strengths: Tough and resilient stations are designed to withstand the worst conditions
and aid in retrieving factors such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and air pressure.
Also, prominent in research activities and environmental surveillance.
Limitations: The high initial cost and expected complexity in setting up and the
managing the data gathering system. May not be the best option to use at home due to
the price and hardware demands.

1.2.2.3 Cloud Based Monitoring Systems:

▶ Weathercloud: The sophisticated weather simulation system, made of sensors, pro-

vides an ability to monitor atmospheric state and bring crucial findings for study,
forecasts, and environmental pattern examination.

Strengths: Provide a user-friendly control center that can handle any weather station,
together with other sensor types. Provides real-time accessibility, viewing, and analysis
of the data.
Limitations: Reliant on a stable internet connection for data relay and access. May
need to pay for a membership fee depending on the service tier you opted for.

1.2.2.4 New Technologies:

▶ Weather Balloons:These high-altitude balloons are stuffed with equipment that are
used for purposes like measuring pressure of atmosphere, temperature, humidity,
and wind speed. They contribute to the weather models that predict upper air
conditions and create forecasting models.

Strengths: Collect important data in the upper air conditions and produce useful
information to model weather forecasting.
Limitations: Limited data acquisition time as a result of the process of launching the
balloon and its descent. Cannot be applied for real-time monitoring.

5
 ▶ Drones: Computer-controlled flying machines, with weather sensors on board,
are more and more used for professional monitoring purposes, such as capturing
weather data in defined areas, frontline event tracking, and post-weather disaster
assessments.
Strengths: Provide targeted weather data collection and support to specific locations
that may help in studying storm fronts or assessment of the post-disaster situation.
Limitations: Limitations of flight duration and flying range. The drones can be
regulated by the government and safety considerations could prohibit drone usage in
certain locations.

1.2.3 Current Challenges and Opportunities in Weather Monitoring

Weather monitoring is critical to learning about climate change and adjusting to it. Nev-
ertheless, data accuracy and completeness are among the major challenges that affect the
field. Simultaneously, the new technologies provide solutions to the challenges and allow
building more robust and effective weather monitoring systems.

1.2.3.1 Weather Monitoring Challenges:

▶ Data Accuracy: Accuracy and reliability of data collection are still the biggest chal-
lenges for space agencies and it is more difficult in extreme weather conditions.
▶ Technical limitations: There may be some regions that have no advanced weather
monitoring equipment, and therefore such places cannot be covered comprehen-
sively.
▶ Data Integration: Combining data from different sources and guaranteeing smooth
interoperability is in fact difficult.
▶ Impact of Climate Change: Rapid changes in climate patterns pose challenges to
accurate prediction and monitoring of weather phenomena.
▶ Security: Data are vulnerable (over RF) and critical (e.g. smart-grid data) •
Data are private (e.g. biometrics, your location) • Computational complexity
is poor and conventional cryptography algorithms (@computer networks) will
not work • WSN nodes are remote and exposed in the environment – physical
tampering • intrusion detection/node compromise by an attacker, encryption, key
establishment and distribution, node authentication, and secrecy.

1.2.3.2 Weather Monitoring Opportunities:

▶ Integration of Advanced Technologies: Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Ana-

lytics Improved data processing and prediction methods.

6
 ▶ Remote Sensing: By using satellites and remote sensing, a wider field of view and
more precise data can be achieved.
▶ IoT and Sensor Networks: The growing popularity of the IoT (Internet of Things)
and sensor networks will increase the amount of real-time data collection and trans-
fer.
▶ Public Awareness: Use technology as a tool to increase people’s awareness and
preparation for extreme weather disasters.
Coping with these challenges and taking advantage of the opportunities will result
in more accurate and reliable forecasts applicable to many areas including agriculture,
disaster management and climate research.

1.3 The Internet of Things (IoT)

1.3.1 Definition of Internet of Things

The Internet of things (IOT) is the extension of Internet connectivity into physical devices
and everyday objects embedded with electronics, Internet connectivity, and other forms of
hardware (such as sensors), these devices can communicate and interact with others over
the Internet, and they can be remotely monitored and controlled. IOT (Internet of Things)
is an advanced automation and analytics system which exploits networking, sensing,
big data, and artificial intelligence technology to deliver complete systems for a product
or service. These systems allow greater transparency, control, and performance when
applied to any industry or system. The definition of the Internet of things has evolved due
to convergence of multiple technologies, real-time analytics, machine learning, commodity
sensors, and embedded systems. Traditional fields of embedded systems, wireless sensor
networks, control systems, automation (including home and building automation), and
others all contribute to enabling the Internet of things. In the consumer market, IOT
technology is most synonymous with products pertaining to the concept of the "smart
home", covering devices and appliances (such as lighting fixtures, thermostats, home
security systems and cameras, and other home appliances) that
support one or more common ecosystems, and can be controlled via devices associated
with that ecosystem, such as smartphones and smart speakers.

1.3.2 History of the Internet of Things

▶ The concept of a network of smart devices was first discussed in 1982, with a modified
Coca-Cola vending machine at Carnegie Mellon University being the first ARPANET-
connected appliance.

7
 ▶ Mark Weiser’s 1991 paper on ubiquitous computing and academic venues like Ubi-
Comp and PerCom produced the contemporary vision of the IoT.
▶ Reza Raji described the concept in 1994 as moving small packets of data to a large
set of nodes to integrate and automate everything from home appliances to entire
factories.
▶ Between 1993 and 1997, several companies proposed solutions like Microsoft’s at
Work or Novell’s NEST.
▶ Bill Joy envisioned device-to-device communication as part of his "Six Webs" frame-
work in 1999.
▶ The term "Internet of Things" was first used in a speech by Peter T. Lewis in 1985.

▶ Kevin Ashton of Procter & Gamble coined the term in 1999, focusing on the integra-
tion of people, processes, and technology with connectable devices and sensors.
▶ In 2004 Cornelius "Pete" Peterson, CEO of NetSilicon, predicted that, "The next era of
information technology will be dominated by [IoT] devices, and networked devices
will ultimately gain in popularity and significance to the extent that they will far
exceed the number of networked computers and workstations."
▶ Defining the Internet of things as "simply the point in time when more ’things or
objects’ were connected to the Internet than people", Cisco Systems estimated that
the IoT was "born" between 2008 and 2009, with the things/people ratio growing
from 0.08 in 2003 to 1.84 in 2010.

1.3.3 IoT tools and technologies

The Internet of Things (IoT) is bringing a revolution in the data gathering, transmitting,
and delivering from the physical world at a rapid rate. Such an integration of gadgets in
a network can engage us in exchanging data that is a good example of natural conditions
to the mechanical forms. Below is an overview of some of the major areas of equipment
and development that are actually causing these transitions in the first place:

1.3.3.1 Sensors for Diverse Applications:

It is obvious that the IoT system’s infrastructure will be based on sensors. These amazing
microsensors basically range from various categories and each of which are designed to
measure only one element.Common examples include:
▶ Environmental Sensors: They do temperature, humidity, pressure, photo intensity
and air quality measurements, giving necessary information for agriculture and
smart buildings in case of environmental monitoring also.

8
 ▶ Industrial Sensors: Factories and production lines are very much equipped with
sensors that monitor vibration, pressure, flow rate, electrical consumption and every
other mechanical input. This enables predictive maintenance and process optimiza-
tion which are found to be very cost efficient.
▶ Wearable Sensors: Some fitness trackers and smartwatches incorporate sensors to
measure pulse rate, activity levels, and sleeping periods that encourage disease and
normal lifestyle management.

1.3.3.2 Low-Power Communication Modules:

Efficient transmission of data is one of the important aspects of the IoT devices which are
often deployed in various locations:
▶ Cellular Networks: Provide reliable long-range data transmission for devices in-
stalled in urban or well-connected areas.
▶ Low-Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN):Technologies such as LoRaWAN and
Sigfox provide long-range and low-power communication, which is perfect for
battery-operated devices that are located in places far away from the power source.
▶ Bluetooth and Wi-Fi: They are the quick-range solution for communication between
devices within a limited physical space like in a smart home or office environment.

1.3.3.3 Cloud Platforms for Data Storage and Analysis:

The huge amount of data garnered by IoT sensors calls for a strong infrastructure for
storage and analysis. Cloud platforms play an important role in this process:
▶ Data Storage: Scalable, secure cloud storage holds vast datasets of data collected
from different IOT devices.
▶ Data Visualization: User-friendly interfaces allow visualization of the data in real-
time that in turn make it easy for users to ascertain the trends and patterns.
▶ Data Analytics: Cloud platforms can provide powerful analytics tools including:

■ Machine Learning: Algorithms trained using historic data can detect relations
and patterns, and thus used for predictive maintenance, optimized resources
management and better decision making.
■ Big Data Analytics: There are methods for processing large datasets that can
reveal hidden insights as a result of which processes can be tuned as well as
innovations may emerge across industries.

Through the utilization of these tools and technologies IoT forms an active data environ-
ment in which data collection and analysis is possible. And it asks companies and people

9
to pick up profitable practices from physical world that help enhance productivity, make
informed decisions and get aware of the intricacies of our interconnected planet.

1.4 Synthesis and Discussion

▶ Combining the challenges of conventional weather monitoring and the opportunities
brought by IoT shows a promising trend towards the future of weather monitoring
systems.
▶ The merging of IoT overcomes the shortfalls of existing systems by means of accuracy,
accessibility, and real-time data, which is useful in sectors like agriculture, aviation,
and disaster management.
▶ The importance of IoT in weather monitoring reflects a paradigm shift to timeliness,
reliability, and productivity. Despite the unresolved problems related to data accu-
racy and security, they are overshadowed by the countless advantages provided by
technology improvement and community awareness.
▶ The synthesis brings out the necessity to adopt the IoT tools and technologies for
innovative productivity, informed decision-making and to get deeper into the mys-
teries of the web within which we exist in the interdependent world.

Conclusion
In summary, the integration of weather monitoring and Internet of Things (IoT) tech-
nology represents a groundbreaking shift in our capacity to understand and address
climate-related challenges. The IoT enables us to rectify the shortcomings of previous
methods, leading to increased accuracy and efficiency in monitoring weather patterns.
Although there may still be some obstacles to overcome, the widespread recognition and
utilization of this technology suggest that the future of weather monitoring is dynamic
and progressive.
Furthermore, the IoT not only facilitates improved forecasting capabilities but also
enhances our preparedness for climate change impacts across various sectors such as
agriculture, aviation, and disaster management. This transformative process brings the
global community closer together and equips us with greater flexibility in responding to
the effects of climate change..

10
 Chapter

2
Analysis and Design

2.1 Introduction
The development of a website must be preceded by a comprehensive analysis and design
methodology. This methodology aims to formalize the preliminary stages of website
development, ensuring that the final product aligns closely with the client’s needs. To
effectively manage the development and implementation of our website, it is crucial to
follow and adhere to the proper sequence of steps, which is facilitated by a structured
development process. For our project, we have chosen to use the Unified Process (UP)
and the Unified Modeling Language (UML) for modeling.

2.2 Definition of UP (Unified Process) & UML (Unified

Modeling Language

2.2.1 UP (Unified Process):

The Unified Process (UP) in Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) is a software
development methodology that emphasizes iterative development, collaboration, and
flexibility. It is based on the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and is characterized by
its use of use cases to drive development, its focus on architecture-centric development,
and its emphasis on risk management and incremental delivery. UP is a flexible and
adaptable process that can be tailored to meet the specific needs of a project or organiza-
tion, making it a popular choice for many software development teams.

Importance of UP
▶ Complex software projects are made more manageable by Unified Process. It breaks
them into smaller, iterative chunks.

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 Figure 2.1: Up Process.

▶ Clear guidelines and workflows from Unified Process boost communication. It

ensures stakeholder collaboration is seamless.
▶ Continuous feedback is emphasized by UP’s approach. High-quality software meet-
ing requirements are the result.

2.2.2 UML language

UML is defined as a graphical and textual modeling language
intended to understand and describe requirements, specify
and design solutions, and communicate perspectives. It en-
ables the unification of object-oriented notations and con-
cepts.It also standardizes the notations necessary for the var-
ious activities of a development process, thereby providing a
means to track decisions made from specification through to
coding. [2]

2.2.3 UML Diagrams:

UML includes various diagrams that, due to their simplicity and clarity, allow for effective
modeling of the system at each stage. Here is a brief overview of the different UML
diagrams used throughout the project:
Sequence Diagram: Represents the exchange of messages between objects during a
particular operation of the system.
Use Case Diagram: Represents the structure of functionalities required by the system’s
users. It is used during the stages of capturing functional and technical requirements.

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 Class Diagram: Arguably one of the most important diagrams in object-oriented
development. On the functional branch, this diagram is intended to develop the structure
of entities manipulated by the users. [1]

2.2.4 Criteria for Choosing UML

The UP (Unified Process) approach relies on UML throughout the development cycle.
UML uses simple and explicit diagrams, making the design straightforward and readable.

2.3 Capturing Functional Requirements

2.3.1 Actors
▶ User
▶ Admin.
▶ Sensors.

2.3.2 Functional Requirements

▶ Collect Weather Data
▶ Visualize real-time data
▶ Authentification
▶ Visualize Historical Data:
▶ Manage Sensors
▶ Emergency Alerts

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2.4 Context diagram

2.4.1 Context diagram definition

2.4.2 Static context diagram definition

2.4.3 Dynamic context diagram definition

2.5 Use case diagram

2.5.1 Definition
The roles of use case diagrams are to gather, analyze, and organize requirements, as well
as to identify the major functionalities of a system. Therefore, it represents the first UML
step in the design of a system. The use case diagram consists of three main elements:
▶ Actor: This is the idealization of a role played by an external person, process, or
thing that interacts with a system. It is represented by a small stick figure with its
name written below.
▶ Use Case: This is a coherent unit representing a visible functionality from the
outside. It performs an end-to-end service, with a trigger, a course of action, and an
end, for the actor who initiates it.
▶ Relationships: Three types of relationships are supported by the UML standard and
are graphically represented by specific types of these relationships. The relationships
indicate that the source use case has the same execution conditions as the resulting
case. A simple relationship between an actor and a use case is depicted by a simple
line.

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Figure 2.2: Use Case Diagram.

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2.6 Description sheet for use cases

Collect Weather Data

Name Collect Weather Data.
Actor Sensor
Objective The system wants to collect data from sensors.
Precondition Sensors are operational and activated.
1. The system connects to the Internet via wifi.
2. The System triggers the data collection process.
ideal Scenario 3. Sensors detect and collect weather data.
4. Collected data is transmitted to the cloud.

If a sensor fails to collect data:

1. System detects the sensor failure.
2. System logs the failure and proceeds with data col-
Alternative Sce-
lection from operational sensors.
nario
3. If no operational sensors are available, a notification
is raised for maintenance.

Weather data is successfully collected and ready for

post-condition
processing.

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Visualize real-time data
Name Visualize real-time weather data.
Actor User
Objective TThe user wants to visualize the weather data.
Precondition Weather data has been collected
1. The user navigates to the real-time data visual-
ization section.
2. The system retrieves the latest data from the
ideal Scenario cloud.
3. The system displays real-time weather data in
the user interface.

1. If the data retrieval fails, the system notifies the

Alternative Sce- user and suggests retrying or checking the con-
nario nection.

The user can view the real-time weather data on the

post-condition
system’s interface

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Authentification
Name Authentification
Actor User, Admin
Objective The user wants to access the system.
Precondition User has a registered account to access the system.
1. User provides credentials (username/pass-
word).
ideal Scenario 2. System validates the credentials.
3. User gains access to the system.

If the user provides incorrect credentials:

1. The system prompts the user to re-enter the correct
Alternative Sce- credentials.
nario 2. After multiple failed attempts, an account may be
temporarily locked for security reasons.

post-condition Users gain access to the system.

Visualize Historical Data

Name NNNN
Actor NNNN
Objective NNNN
Precondition NNNN
ideal Scenario NNNN
Alternative Sce-
NNNN
nario
post-condition NNNN

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Manage Sensors
Name NNNN
Actor NNNN
Objective NNNN
Precondition NNNN
ideal Scenario NNNN
Alternative Sce-
NNNN
nario
post-condition NNNN

Emergency Alerts
Name NNNN
Actor NNNN
Objective NNNN
Precondition NNNN
ideal Scenario NNNN
Alternative Sce-
NNNN
nario
post-condition NNNN

2.7 Sequence diagrams

2.7.1 Sequence diagram definition

2.8 Class diagram

2.8.1 Class diagram definition

2.9 Relational logic model

2.9.1 Relational logic model definition

Conclusion

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 Chapter

3
Implementation & Experiments

(This part presente all the results obtained, analyzed and discussed. This part should not
exceed 10 pages. The general structure is as follows:)

Introduction

3.1 Simulation of the Weather Monitoring System

3.1.1 Introduction to $YourSimulator

3.1.2 Presentation of our $YourSimulator Project

3.1.3 Devices used for design

3.2 $Mobile/Web application implementation

3.2.1 Software environment

(This section icludes programming languages, development platforms and software tools...)

3.2.2 Hardware environment

(This section icludes Sensors, Microcontrollers ...)

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3.3 System architecture

3.4 $Mobile/Web application

3.4.1 User interfaces (UI)

(This section icludes all interfaces in you application: Authentication interface, System
Managment interface, Weather Display interface...)

Conclusion

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 General Conclusion

(Consisting of 2 pages maximum, this part is reserved for conclusion and perspectives.
In the conclusion, you provide a summary of your contributions, providing an answer to
the addressed problem and specifying the context of project applicability. In addition,
the limits and perspectives of the project are also discussed, by listing the works to be
considered in the future.)

Synthesis

Perspectives

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 Bibliography

[1]

[2] G. Booch, J. Rumbaugh, and I. Jacobson. The Unified Modeling Language User Guide.
Addison-Wesley, 2nd edition, 2005.

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 Acronyms

(You can list the acronyms used in the document, for example:)

NTIC New Technologies of Information and Communication

UML Unified Modeling Language

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 Bibliography

[1]

[2] G. Booch, J. Rumbaugh, and I. Jacobson. The Unified Modeling Language User Guide.
Addison-Wesley, 2nd edition, 2005.

25