Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 3 views

    Chapter03-Tissues- صيدلة

    Uploaded by

    alkadeabod71

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chapter03-Tissues- صيدلة

    Uploaded by

    alkadeabod71
    3 views61 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3 views61 pages

    Chapter03-Tissues- صيدلة

    Uploaded by

    alkadeabod71

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 61

    Chapter 3

    Tissues
    Tissue = group of cells with similar
    structure and function plus extracellular
    substance (matrix)
    There are four tissues in the body:
    1) Epithelium

    2) Connective

    3) Muscular

    4) Nervous
    Functions of Epithelial Tissue

    • Physical Protection

    • Regulate Exchange

    • Provides Sensation

    • Produce Secretions
    Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue
    Epithelial Tissue

    Tight Junctions

    Desmosomes
    Classification of Epithelia

    1. Number of cell layers

    A) Single layer of cells = Simple Epithelium

    B) Several layers of cells (more than one) = Stratified Epithelium

    2. Shape of Exposed (apical) cells

    Squamous epithelium - Thin and flat.

    Cuboidal epithelium - Short cube-shaped hexagonal boxes.

    Columnar epithelium - Taller than it is wide.

    Transitional epithelium - Changes shapes (from squamous to cuboidal).


    Classification of Epithelia
    Simple (1 cell layer) Stratified (more than 1 cell layer)
    1) Simple Squamous Epithelium 5) Stratified Squamous Epithelium
    Keratinized = Epidermis of skin
    Glomerular capsule; Alveolus
    Mesothelium; Endothelium Non-keratinized = esophagus, cheek

    2) Simple Cuboidal Epithelium 6) Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium


    Ducts of sweat glands
    Renal tubules;
    Thecal follicle (thyroid gland) Ducts of salivary glands

    3) Simple Columnar Epithelium 7) Stratified Columnar Epithelium


    Stomach, Small and Large Intestines Male urethra

    4) Pseudostratified Ciliated 8) Transitional Epithelium


    Columnar Epithelium Urinary bladder, ureter
    Trachea, larynx, bronchi
    A. Simple Squamous Epithelium

    1.Simple squamous
    epithelium is made up
    of a single layer of
    thin, flattened cells.
    2.Because it is suited for
    diffusion, it functions
    in the exchange of
    gases in the lungs
    and lines blood and
    lymph vessels as
    well as body cavities.
    9

    C. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

    1. Simple cuboidal epithelium consists


    of a single layer of cube-shaped cells
    with centrally located nuclei.

    2. It functions in secretion and


    absorption in the kidneys, and in
    secretion in glands.
    11
    Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
    13
    D. Simple Columnar Epithelium

    1. Simple columnar epithelium is made up of a


    row of elongated cells whose nuclei are all
    located near the basement membrane.
    It may be ciliated.
    2. It lines the uterus, stomach, and intestines
    where it protects underlying tissues, secretes
    digestive fluids, and absorbs nutrients.
    3. In the intestine, these cells possess microvilli
    that increase the surface area available for
    absorption.
    4. Mucus-secreting goblet cells can be found
    among column cells.
    15
    Simple Columnar Epithelium

    E. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

    1. These cells appear layered due to the


    varying positions of their nuclei within
    the row of cells, but are not truly
    layered.
    2. Cilia may be present, along with
    mucus-secreting globlet cells, that
    line and sweep debris from
    respiratory tubes.
    18
    Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

    F. Stratified Squamous Epithelium

    1. This type of tissue is made up of layers of


    flattened cells that are designed to protect
    underlying layers.
    2. It makes up the outer layer of skin, and lines
    the mouth, throat, vagina, and anal canal.
    3. In the skin, outer layers of cells undergo
    keratinization; however, this process does
    not occur where tissues remain moist in the
    throat, vagina, or anal canal.
    21
    Stratified Squamous Epithelium

    G. Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium


    1. This tissue consists of two to
    three layers of cuboidal cells
    lining a lumen of the mammary
    glands, sweat glands, salivary
    glands, and pancreas.
    2. Several layers of cells provide
    greater protection than one
    single layer.
    24
    Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
    Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

    H. Stratified Columnar Epithelium


    1. This tissue consists of several layers
    of cells and is found in the vas
    deferens, part of the male urethra,
    and parts of the pharynx.
    28
    Stratified Columnar Epithelium

    I. Transitional Epithelium
    1. Transitional epithelium is
    designed to distend and return
    to its normal size, as it does in
    the lining of the urinary
    bladder.
    2. This design provides
    distensibility and keeps urine
    from diffusing back into the
    internal cavity.
    31

    Transitional Epithelium
    Glands
    • What are they?
    structures that secrete substances onto a
    surface, into a cavity, or into blood
    • Exocrine glands:
    - glands with ducts
    - Ex. Sweat or oil glands
    • Endocrine glands:
    – no ducts (directly into bloodstream)
    – Ex. Thyroid, thymus, pituitary glands, etc.
    34
    Types of Exocrine Glands
    • Simple:
    no branches
    • Compound:
    many branches
    • Tubular:
    end of duct
    • Alveolus:
    sac-like structure

    35
    Structural Classification of Simple and Compound Exocrine Glands
    Modes of Secretion
    Connective Tissue
    Fluid Connective Tissue
    1) Blood
    2) Lymph

    Connective Tissue Proper


    1) Loose 2) Dense
    1) Areolar 1) Regular
    2) Adipose 2) Irregular
    3) Reticular 3) Elastic

    Supporting Connective Tissue


    1) Cartilage 1) Bone
    1) Hyaline 1) Spongy
    2) Elastic 2) Compact
    3) Fibrocartilage
    Connective Tissue
    Fluid Connective Tissue
    Blood – in blood vessels and heart
    Lymph – in lymph vessels and lymph nodes

    Connective Tissue Proper


    Loose Dense
    1) Areolar - Papillary region of dermis, 1) Regular – Tendons, ligaments
    around blood vessels, C.T. of membranes 2) Irregular – Joint capsules
    2) Adipose - Hypodermis, eye sockets, Reticular region of dermis
    renal fat capsule 3) Elastic – Elastic ligaments, walls of
    3) Reticular - Spleen, lymph node, arteries, penile ligaments
    capsule of liver and kidney

    Supporting Connective Tissue


    Cartilage
    1) Hyaline – nose, trachea, larynx, Bone
    Costal cartilage, articular cartilage 1) Spongy – inner portion
    1) Elastic – epiglottis, external ear 2) Compact – outer portion
    2) Fibrocartilage – intervertebral disc,
    pubic symphysis, menisci
    Areolar Tissue
    Adipose Tissue
    Reticular Tissue
    Dense Regular Connective Tissue
    Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
    Elastic Tissue
    Hyaline Cartilage
    Elastic Cartilage
    Fibrocartilage
    Fluid Connective Tissue

    Hematopoietic stem cells produce blood and lymph cells


    Bone Tissue

    Compact Bone
    Spongy Bone

    Muscle Tissues:
    A. General Characteristics
    1. Muscle cells, or fibers, can contract
    and consist of three major types.

    B. Skeletal Muscle Tissue


    1. Skeletal muscle is attached to
    bone and can be controlled by
    conscious effort (voluntary).
    2. The cells (muscle fibers) are
    long and cylindrical, striated,
    have many nuclei, and
    contract from nervous
    impulse.

    C. Smooth Muscle Tissue


    1. Smooth muscle tissue lacks
    striations, is uni-nucleate, and
    consists of spindle-shaped
    cells.
    2. This involuntary muscle is
    found in the walls of internal
    organs, and in the digestive
    tract, blood vessels, and
    urinary bladder.

    D. Cardiac Muscle Tissue


    1. Cardiac muscle tissue is found
    only in the heart and consists
    of branching fibers that are
    connected to each other with
    intercalated disks.
    2. This involuntary muscle has a
    single nucleus in each cell but
    appears striated.

    Muscle Tissue

    Skeletal Cardiac Smooth


    Nervous Tissues:
    A. Nervous tissues are found in the
    brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
    B. Neurons, or nerve cells, conduct
    nervous impulses while helper cells,
    or neuroglia, support and nourish
    the neurons.

    You might also like