NATIONAL

SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 11

NOVEMBER 2019

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1
MARKING GUIDELINE

MARKS: 150

This marking guideline consists of 9 pages.

 https://ultradeep.co.za
2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2019)

SECTION A

QUESTION 1

1.1 1.1.1 B 
1.1.2 D 
1.1.3 B 
1.1.4 D 
1.1.5 B 
1.1.6 C 
1.1.7 D 
1.1.8 A 
1.1.9 B 
1.1.10 C  (10 x 2) (20)

1.2 1.2.1 B only 

1.2.2 None 

1.2.3 A only 

1.2.4 Both A and B 

1.2.5 A only  (5 x 2) (10)

1.3 1.3.1 Non-essential 

1.3.2 Lactose 

1.3.3 Adsorption 

1.3.4 Permanent Wilting Point 

1.3.5 Scraping  (5 x 2) (10)

1.4 1.4.1 Structural 

1.4.2 E-horizon 

1.4.3 Imbalance 

1.4.4 Humus 

1.4.5 Binomial  (5 x 1) (5)

TOTAL SECTION A: 45

Copyright reserved Please turn over

https://tvetpapers.co.za
 https://ultradeep.co.za
(EC/NOVEMBER 2019) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 3

SECTION B

QUESTION 2: BASIC AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY

2.1 Atomic structure

2.1.1 Identification of the structure

Atom  (1)

2.1.2 THREE reasons visible in the diagram to support the answer

 Presence of protons 
 Presence of neutron 
 Presence of electrons 
 Presence of orbital  (Any 3 x 1) (3)

2.1.3 Indication of the charge of parts

A – Negative 
C – No charge  (2)

2.1.4 Naming the type of ion that will be formed

(a) Cation  (1)
(b) Anion  (1)

2.2 Chemical bonding

2.2.1 Identification of the chemical bonding

A – Covalent bond 
B – Ionic bond  (2)

2.2.2 Reason for the bonding

A – Atoms share a pair of bonding electrons 
B – Electrons are transferred from one atom to the other  (2)

2.2.3 Importance of the compound A in:

(a) Agricultural industry – Used in the manufacture of fertilisers  (1)
(b) Household – Used as a cleaning product  (1)

2.3 Amino acids

2.3.1 Naming of the structures

Amino acids  (1)

2.3.2 Bond linking structures A and B

Peptide bond  (1)

2.3.3 Naming the reaction when water is removed when amino acids
are joined
Condensation  (1)

Copyright reserved Please turn over

https://tvetpapers.co.za
 https://ultradeep.co.za
4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2019)

2.3.4 TWO groups making amino acids

Amino group 
Carboxyl group  (2)

2.3.5 Naming of the compound

Protein  (2)

2.3.6 THREE reasons for the importance of proteins

 Important for growth 
 Responsible for the repair of muscles and tissues 
 Production of enzymes and hormones 
 Production of antibodies 
 Involved in the process of cell signalling 
 Transports other substances in the body  (Any 3 x 1) (3)

2.4 Carbohydrates

2.4.1 Classification of the food

Food A – Polysaccharides 
Food B – Disaccharide  (2)

2.4.2 Chemical formula of the class of food B

C12H22O11  (2)

2.4.3 THREE functions of carbohydrates in animals

 Source of energy for the functioning of animals 
 Ensures normal functioning of the digestive system 
 Fattening of animals 
 Helps to regulate blood glucose 
 Breaks down fatty acids and prevents ketosis  (Any 3 x 1) (3)

2.5 Fats and oils

2.5.1 Tabulation of TWO differences between fats and oils

Fats Oils
Solid at room temperature  Liquid at room temperature 
High melting point  Low melting point 
Contain saturated fatty acids  Contain unsaturated fatty acids 
(Any 2 x 2) (4)
[35]

Copyright reserved Please turn over

https://tvetpapers.co.za
 https://ultradeep.co.za
(EC/NOVEMBER 2019) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 5

QUESTION 3: SOIL SCIENCE

3.1 Soil texture

3.1.1 Identification of the methods determining texture

Diagram A – Sieve method 
Diagram B – Feeling/sausage method  (2)

3.1.2 Prediction of the texture that will remain on top of the sieve
Sand/course texture  (1)

3.1.3 Texture illustrated in method B

Clay  (1)

3.1.4 Reason for the clay texture

It formed a stable ring  without cracks  (2)

3.1.5 Graph

Criteria/rubric/marking guideline
 Correct heading 
 X-axis: Correctly calibrated and labelled (Sieves) 
 Y-axis: Correctly calibrated and labelled (Amount of soil) 
 Bar graph 
 Correct unit (g) 
 Accuracy  (6 x 1) (6)

Copyright reserved Please turn over

https://tvetpapers.co.za
 https://ultradeep.co.za
6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2019)

3.2 Soil structure

3.2.1 TWO factors influencing aggregation of particles into a structure

 Colloidal matter 
 Type of clay mineral present 
 Climate 
 Alternate moisture and drought 
 Plant roots 
 Microbial gum 
 Iron oxides 
 Clay 
 Organic matter  (Any 2 x 1) (2)

3.2.2 TWO methods to improve poor soil structure

 Increase organic content of the soil 
 Avoid soil disturbances when it is wet or dry 
 Plant cover to protect soil from raindrops 
 Minimum tillage  (Any 2 x 1) (2)

3.3 Soil moisture

3.3.1 Identification of the water loss

B – Transpiration 
C – Soil surface evaporation 
G – Run off  (3)

3.3.2 Justification of minimising use of nitrogen fertiliser in

controlling transpiration
Nitrogen fertilisers increase the leaf surface  and the more the
leaves, the more water is lost  (2)

3.3.3 Indication of the letter representing prevention of water loss

(a) G  (1)
(b) C  (1)

3.3.4 Identification of the movement of water

Capillarity  (1)

3.3.5 Reason for a capillary movement

Water moves upward  (1)

Copyright reserved Please turn over

https://tvetpapers.co.za
 https://ultradeep.co.za
(EC/NOVEMBER 2019) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 7

3.4 Soil colour

Indication of factor leading to soil colour

(a) Red – Oxidised iron in the presence of less water and enough
oxygen 
(b) Black/dark – Presence of organic matter 
(c) Yellow – Oxidised iron in the presence of excess water and less
oxygen 
(d) Mottled – Waterlogging for the part of the year  (4 x 1) (4)

3.5 Soil temperature

Indication of whether the process is a physical, chemical or biological

effect of soil temperature

3.5.1 Chemical 
3.5.2 Biological 
3.5.3 Physical  (3 x 1) (3)

3.6 Calculation of bulk density

Mass of dry soil g
BD = 3 
Volume of dry soil m

375 g
= 3 
250 m

= 1,5 g/m3  (3)

[35]

QUESTION 4: SOIL SCENCE

4.1 Soil horizons

4.1.1 Identification of the labels

1 – A horizon 
2 – Humic A 
3 – Unconsolidated/unhardened rock 
4 – R horizon 
5 – B horizon  (5)

4.1.2 Letter representing horizon enriched with eluvial material

5 (1)

4.1.3 Letters representing TWO horizons that were the last to

develop
1
5 (2)

Copyright reserved Please turn over

https://tvetpapers.co.za
 https://ultradeep.co.za
8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2019)

4.2 Procedure when classifying the soil in a sequence

 Demarcate master horizons 
 Identify diagnostic horizons 
 Establish soil form 
 Identify soil series characteristics 
 Establish soil family  (5)

4.3 Soil acidity and alkalinity

4.3.1 Cation predominant in soils

A – Hydrogen 
B – Sodium / potassium  (2)

4.3.2 TWO factors influencing alkalinity

 Sodium adsorbed on soil colloids 
 Carbonates and bicarbonates 
 Irrigation with water rich in sodium 
 Leaking of dams brings soluble salts to the surface  (Any 2 x 1) (2)

4.3.3 THREE effects of acidity on plant growth

 Toxic quantities of aluminium occur which is detrimental to plant
growth 
 Phosphorus becomes fixated 
 Solubility of molybdenum decreases 
 Very few exchangeable calcium and magnesium  (Any 3 x 1) (3)

4.3.4 Choosing the substance to correct acidity and alkalinity

(a) A/acidity – CaCO3 
(b) B/alkalinity – NaSO4  (2)

4.4 Soil micro-organisms

4.4.1 Naming of the bacteria used by learners in an experiment

Rhizobium bacteria  (1)

4.4.2 Reason
A pea plant is a legume crop  and therefore rhizobium bacteria live
on the roots of legume crop and fix nitrogen for them  (2)

4.4.3 Nutrient cycled during the experiment

Nitrogen  (1)

Copyright reserved Please turn over

https://tvetpapers.co.za
 https://ultradeep.co.za
(EC/NOVEMBER 2019) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 9

4.4.4 TWO requirements of the bacteria

 Organic nutrients 
 Mineral nutrients 
 Soil moisture close to field water capacity 
 Free oxygen for respiration 
 Optimum temperature 
 Optimum pH  (Any 2 x 1) (2)

4.4.5 Commenting on the effect of the bacteria on the pea plant

 Pea plant inoculated with bacteria shows improved growth and
production  than pea plant grown under normal conditions.  (2)

4.5 Organic matter

4.5.1 TWO chemical effects of organic matter on soil

 Increased cation adsorption capacity (CAC) 
 Increased supply of accessible nitrogen compound in soil 
 More plant nutrients are released 
 Faster chemical reactions occurring in soil  (Any 2 x 1) (2)

4.5.2 THREE factors affecting the balance between gains and losses
of organic matter in soils
 Soil water content 
 Climate/Temperature 
 Topography 
 Soil texture 
 Type of vegetation/plant 
 Human activities/tillage  (Any 3 x 1) (3)
[35]

TOTAL SECTION B: 105

GRAND TOTAL: 150

Copyright reserved Please turn over

https://tvetpapers.co.za