Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
32 views

Lecture 5 - Machine Operations and Machine Tools

Uploaded by

kudzaishemakotore
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
32 views

Lecture 5 - Machine Operations and Machine Tools

Uploaded by

kudzaishemakotore
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 38

Fundamentals of Metal cutting and Machining Processes

MACHINING OPERATIONS AND MACHINING TOOLS

Engineer Munyau
MACHINING OPERATIONS
AND MACHINE TOOLS
1. Turning and Related Operations
2. Drilling and Related Operations
3. Milling
4. Broaching
5. Sawing
6. Machine Operations for Special Geometries
7. Machining Centers and Turning Centers
8. Other Machining Operations
9. High Speed Machining
10. Grinding
Machining
 A material removal process in which a sharp
cutting tool is used to mechanically cut away
material so that the desired part geometry
remains
 Most common application: to shape metal parts
 Most versatile of all manufacturing processes in
its capability to produce a diversity of part
geometries and geometric features with high
precision and accuracy
Classification of Machined Parts

Rotational - cylindrical or disk-like shape


Nonrotational (also called prismatic) - block-like or
plate-like

Machined parts are classified as: (a) rotational, or (b) nonrotational,


shown here by block and flat parts.
Machining Operations and
Part Geometry
Each machining operation produces a characteristic part
geometry due to two factors:
1. Relative motions between tool and work part
• Generating – part geometry determined by
feed trajectory of cutting tool
2. Shape of the cutting tool
• Forming – part geometry is created by the
shape of the cutting tool
Generating Shape

Generating shape: (a) straight turning, (b) taper turning, (c) contour
turning, (d) plain milling, (e) profile milling.
Forming to Create Shape

Forming to create shape: (a) form turning, (b) drilling, and (c) broaching.
Forming and Generating

Combination of forming and generating to create shape: (a) thread cutting


on a lathe, and (b) slot milling.
Turning
 Single point cutting tool removes material from a rotating
work piece to generate a cylinder
 Performed on a machine tool called a lathe
 Variations of turning performed on a lathe:
 Facing
 Contour turning
 Chamfering
 Threading
Turning

Turning operation.
Turning Conditions
Turning Operation

Close-up view of a
turning operation on
steel using a titanium
nitride coated carbide
cutting insert
Facing

Tool is fed
radially inward
Contour Turning

Instead of feeding tool parallel


to axis of rotation, tool follows
a contour that is other than
straight, thus creating a
contoured shape
Chamfering

Cutting edge cuts an angle on the corner of the cylinder,


forming a "chamfer"
Cutoff

Tool is fed radially into rotating work at some location to


cut off end of part
Threading

Pointed form tool is fed linearly across surface of rotating work


part parallel to axis of rotation at a large feed rate, thus
creating threads
Engine Lathe

Diagram of an
engine lathe,
showing its
principal
components
Methods of Holding the Work
in a Lathe
Holding the work between centers
Chuck
Collet
Face plate
Holding the Work Between
Centers

(a) mounting the work between centers using a "dog”


Chuck

(b) three-jaw chuck


Collet
Face Plate

(d) face plate for non-cylindrical workparts


Other Lathes and Turning
Machines
Turret Lathe
 Tailstock replaced by “turret” that
holds up to six tools
 Tools rapidly brought into action by
indexing the turret
 Tool post replaced by four-sided turret
to index four tools
 Applications: high production work
that requires a sequence of cuts on the
part
Boring
 Difference between boring and turning:
 Boring is performed on the inside diameter of
an existing hole
 Turning is performed on the outside diameter
of an existing cylinder
 In effect, boring is internal turning operation
 Boring machines
–Horizontal or vertical - refers to the orientation
of the axis of rotation of machine spindle
Boring
Vertical Boring Mill

A vertical boring mill – for large, heavy workparts.


Drilling

 Creates a round hole in a work


part
 Compare to boring which can
only enlarge an existing hole
 Cutting tool called a drill or drill
bit
 Machine tool: drill press
Drilling
Through Holes vs. Blind Holes

 Through-holes - drill exits opposite side of work


 Blind-holes – does not exit work opposite side

Two hole types: (a) through-hole, and (b) blind hole.


Reaming

Used to slightly enlarge


a hole, provide better
tolerance on diameter,
and improve surface
finish
Tapping

Used to provide internal


screw threads on an
existing hole
Tool called a tap
Counterboring

Provides a stepped hole, in


which a larger diameter
follows smaller diameter
partially into the hole
Twist Drill
Drill Press

 Upright drill press stands


on the floor

 Bench drill similar but


smaller and mounted on
a table or bench
Radial Drill

 Large drill press


designed for large
parts
Take home
Numbers 23 v 19

God is not a man; neither the son of man , that he should repent: hath
he said , and shall he not do it ? Or hath he spoken and shall he not do
it? Or hath He spoken , and shall he not make it good?

You might also like