WRITTEN REPORT

Earth's Atmosphere
I. Introduction
The Earth's atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the planet, held in place by gravity. It
consists primarily of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%), with traces of argon, carbon dioxide, and
other gases. The atmosphere is divided into five main layers: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere,
thermosphere, and exosphere, each with distinct characteristics. It protects life on Earth by
absorbing harmful solar radiation, moderating temperature extremes, and providing the air we
breathe. The ozone layer, located in the stratosphere, plays a crucial role in shielding the planet
from the sun's ultraviolet rays.

II. Learning Objectives

Understand the Composition and Structure of Earth's Atmosphere: Students will be able to
identify and describe the characteristics and functions of its different layers, and understand
how atmospheric pressure and density change with altitude.

Explain the Role of the Atmosphere in the Hydrologic Cycle: Students will be able to outline
how the atmosphere influences key stages of the hydrologic cycle

Analyze the Impact of the Atmosphere on Weather and Climate: Students will be able to
discuss how the atmosphere regulates weather patterns and climate

III. Warm Up
Ice breaker: Pass the message

IV. Content
Earth's atmosphere is a complex and dynamic system with several key characteristics:

1. Composition: It is primarily composed of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), and trace amounts of
other gases, including argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.

2. Layers: The atmosphere is divided into different layers based on temperature gradients:
-Troposphere: The lowest layer where weather occurs and temperature decreases with altitude.
- Stratosphere: Contains the ozone layer, which absorbs and scatters ultraviolet solar radiation;
temperature increases with altitude.
- Mesosphere: Temperature decreases with altitude and is where most meteorites burn up upon
entry.
- Thermosphere: Temperature increases with altitude and is where the ionosphere is located, which
affects radio communication.k
- Exosphere: The outermost layer where atmospheric particles are sparse and gradually transition
into outer space.
4. Density: Air density also decreases with altitude, which impacts breathing and weather
phenomena.

5. Temperature Variability: Temperature varies significantly across different layers and regions,
influenced by factors such as latitude, altitude, and seasonal changes.

6. Weather and Climate Regulation: The atmosphere plays a crucial role in weather patterns and
climate regulation by distributing heat and moisture around the planet.

7. Protection: It shields life on Earth from harmful solar radiation and space debris.

These characteristics make Earth's atmosphere essential for sustaining life and maintaining
environmental balance.

The hydrologic cycle, or the constant flow of water throughout the Earth system, depends on the
atmosphere. The following describes how the atmosphere affects each phase of this cycle:

1. Evaporation: Water from the Earth's surface, including oceans, lakes, rivers, and soils, evaporates
in large part due to atmospheric pressure. Solar energy heats these water bodies, causing water to
transition from liquid to vapor and rise into the atmosphere.

2. Transpiration: Water is absorbed by plant roots, travels through plants, and is released as water
vapor into the atmosphere through stomata in leaves. This process is one way that plants contribute
to the hydrologic cycle. Evapotranspiration is the term used to describe this process when it is paired
with evaporation.

3. Condensation: As water vapor rises, it cools and condenses into tiny droplets, forming clouds.
The atmosphere’s temperature and pressure conditions influence how and when condensation
occurs.

4. Precipitation: Eventually, condensed water droplets in clouds combine and fall to the Earth's
surface as precipitation (rain, snow, sleet, or hail). The atmosphere's dynamics, including
temperature and wind patterns, determine the type and distribution of precipitation.

5. Infiltration and Runoff: Precipitated water either infiltrates into the ground replenishing
groundwater supplies or runs off into rivers, lakes, and oceans. Atmospheric conditions, such as
temperature and precipitation patterns, affect the rate of infiltration and the volume of runoff.

6. Storage and Redistribution: The atmosphere helps redistribute water around the globe. Weather
patterns and wind currents transport water vapor across different regions, influencing local and
regional climates and weather.

In summary, the atmosphere is integral to the hydrologic cycle by facilitating the processes of
evaporation, transpiration, condensation, and precipitation. Its interactions with water vapor and
climatic conditions drive the movement and availability of water on Earth, which is essential for
ecosystems, agriculture, and human activities.
 The hydrological cycle (or water cycle)
describes the continuous movement of
water on, above, and below the Earth’s
surface. It involves various processes
that ensure water is always in
circulation between the atmosphere,
land, and oceans.

V. Summary
IMPORTANCE OF EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE TO THE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE

The hydrological cycle are the constant flow is depends on the atmosphere, there are 6 atmosphere
affects each phase of the cycle the EVAPORATION, TRANSPIRATION, CONDENSATION,
PRECIPITATION, INFILTRATION AND RUNOFF and the last STORAGE AND THE
REDISTRIBUTION. The atmosphere is the super highway in the sky that moves water everywhere
over the earth and the atmosphere in the water cycle holds water vapor that has evaporated from
earth. It essential for ecosystem, agriculture and human activities.

CHARACTERISTICS OF EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE

Earth's Atmosphere is protects life by shielding us from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the
atmosphere is a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth and it has a 7 several key characteristics it
is the 1. COMPOSITION it can trace amount of other gases, 2. LAYERS it is divided into 4 layers
the ¹ Troposphere is a lowest layer, ²Stratosphere it contains the ozone layer, ³Mesosphere the
temperature decreases with altitude, ⁴Thermosphere is the temperature increases with altitude. The
third characteristics is 3. PRESSURE the atmospheric pressure decrease with altitude,
4. DENSITY it impacts breathing and weather phenomena, 5. TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY it
is influenced by factors such as latitude, altitude and seasonal changes,6. WEATHER AND
CLIMATE REGULATION it can distribute heat and moisture around the planet, the last
characteristics is the 7. PROTECTION it shields life on earth from harmful solar radiation and space
the dibris. Earth's atmosphere is a complex and dynamic system that is essential for life on our
planet. Its composition, layered structure, and unique characteristics work together to provide a
protective and habitable environment.

VI. Evaluation
Number 1-5 multiple choice

1.) it is the constant flow of water throughout thye earth system, depends on the atmosphere.
A. Earth's atmosphere
B. Transpiration
C. Hydrological cycle
D. Evaporation
2.) As water vapor rises, it cools and condenses into tiny droplets, forming cloud.

A. Transpiration
B. Precipitation
C. Infiltration and runoff
D. Condensation

3.) It is the atmosphere helps redistribute water around the globe. It influencing local and regional
climates and weather.

A. Storage and Redistribution

B. Infiltration and Runoff
C. Precipatation
D Evaporation

4.) The atmosphere's dynamics, including temperature and wind patterns, determine the type and
distribution of ________

A. Condensation
B. Precipatation
C. Composition
D. Pressure

5.) It is the water absorbed by plant roots, travels through plants, and is released as water vapor into
the atmosphere through stomates in leaves.

A. Precipitation
B. Transpiration
C. Condensation
D. Evaporation

6- Identification

6. It shields life on earth from harmful solar radiation and space debris.

7-10 Enumeration

For 7-10 Enumerate the 4 layers of atmosphere.

7.
8.
9.
10.
VII. Reference
National Geographic Society, (2023) Atmosphere. National Geographic Education. Retrieved October
19, 2023, from https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/atmosphere/

NASA. (2014). Why are water cycle processes important? Global Precipitation Measurement. Retrieved
August 15, 2014, from https://gpm.nasa.gov/resources/faq/why-are-water-cycle-processes-important

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (2024). Layers of the atmosphere. NOAA Jetstream.
Retrieved August 20, 2024, from https://www.noaa.gov/jetstream/atmosphere/layers-of-atmosphere
VIII. Members Group 4
Reporter/Presenter & PPT Editor: Krislyne Arca
Reporter/Presenter, Researcher, & Written Report Editor: Rehanna Kim Canaman
Reporter/Presenter & Researcher: Ma. Nicole Castillo
Reporter/Presenter: Shiloh Nouvel Marquez
Reporter/Presenter: Luren Cabillo
Reporter/Presenter: Philem James Peleo
IX. Rubrics

Total Score: