ARTS APPRECIATION REVIWER 2.

A product of a specific skill

 Art is all around us. Whether we like it or not, Assumptions about Art
knowingly or unknowingly, we all participate
in appreciation of different forms of art in our
1. Art is Universal – Art is timeless. It is
everyday life. present in every culture. It is in every nation,
 The reason we appreciate these things and the every language, every region.
people behind these things is because we see 2. Art is not nature – Art is made by man,
BEAUTY in them. whereas nature is given around us.
 BEAUTY is also identical to GOODNESS.
 The aim of Art Appreciation is to help students Which is why pictures of nature, however
develop their ability to APPRECIATE, captivating, if not technically edited or
 ANALYZE and CRITIQUE works of art and reconstructed using a computer cannot be
the people behind those artworks. considered an artwork.
 Art appreciation therefore is a way of life.
 Students should learn how to analyze and
identify which things
3. Art involves experience – Art cannot be
abstracted from actual doing. To know art is
Humanities to experience art.
 Jean-Paul Sartre
 Famous French philosopher of the 20th If someone wants to be a painter, she can’t
century just read books and
 Described the role of art as a creative work attend seminars about painting then call
that depicts the world in a completely different himself a painter. One
light and perspective, and the source is human should pick up a paintbrush, a canvas and
freedom some colors and starts
The Importance of Studying Humanities painting!

 From the Latin word “humanus” which Art Appreciation: Creativity, Imagination
means human, cultured and refined and Expression
 Studies man and the manner he conducts Skill alone is not enough to create a great work of
himself from the time of his existence to art. One should be creative, imaginative, and
the present know how to express his/her self in many
 Studies how people process and document different ways.
human experience using philosophy,
literature, religion, art and history as their Art is a product of man’s creativity, imagination
way of understanding and recording their and expression
world 1. Creativity – requires thinking outside the
 Studies how individuals’ manner of box. It is what sets apart one artwork from
expression varies as they record human another.
experience and how it forms a connection 2. Imagination – allows endless possibilities.
between the past, present and future. It is the ability to create something like
The Nature of Art and Assumptions About objects, ideas or people in the mind
Art without the immediate help of the senses.
3. Expression – makes people’s art not a
 Art is from the Latin word “ars” which reflection of what is outside or external to
means “craft or specific skill” them, but a reflection of their inner selves.
 Artwork – a product of any craft or
specific skill Forms of Expressions / Genres of Art

So for something to be considered an Visual Art

“artwork” it should be:  Appeals to sense of sight
1. Made by man
  The kind of art form that the population is Applied Arts
most likely more exposed to. (ex, painting,
 Incorporating elements of style and design
sculpture and drawing)
to everyday items with the aim of
Film increasing their aesthetic value (Ex.
Jewelry making, fashion design, pottery
 Refers to the art of putting together
making)
succession of still images in order to create
an illusion of movement. Points of Comparison
Performance Art Film vs Theater
 A form of live art and the artist’s medium Similarity:
is mainly the humanbody. It usually
 The making of a film and theater is so
consists of 4 important elements:
complex that in itself involves different
 Time (When?)
forms of art like scriptwriting, musical
 Place (Where?)
score, directing, lightning and sounds etc.
 The performer’s body
 The relationship between the audience Difference:
and the performer. Ex. Circus and
performance of magic and illusion  Film is recorded while theater is performed
live
Poetry Performance
Points of Comparison
 An art form where the artist expresses his
emotions through words. Literary Art vs Poetry Performance

Architecture Similarity:

 The making of beautiful buildings. It  Both literary art and poetry performance
should embody 3 important elements: use words.
 Plan Difference:
 Construction
 Design  Literary art is written while poetry
performance is oral
Dance
Subject and Content
 A series of movements that follows the
rhythm of the music accompaniment. Filipinos are not museum-going public. Most of
us were only expose to museums during
Literary Art educational tour in our elementary and high
 Focuses on writing using a unique style, school days. This is the reason why a huge
not following a specific format or norm. number of the community find it difficult and
challenging recognizing the message of a certain
Theater artwork when they look at it. But every time we
 Uses live performers to present accounts or gaze on a certain work of art, there are three
imaginary events before a live audience. things that we usually try to recognize and
identify:
Music
 One must be able to extract a specific
 The art of sound expressed through a song, image
through the use of instruments or a  Isolate the artist or makers’ intention
combination of both.  Unearth a particular meaning
Basic Components of a work of art
 1. Subject – refers to the visual focus of the 7. Dreams and Fantasy - The wonder of the
image that may be extracted from unconscious is what is being expressed by art
examining the artwork works under this subject source.
2. Content – the meaning that is 8. Technology - The modernity of the present is
communicated by the artist or the artwork also an inspiration being used by artists as a
3. Form – the development and configuration source of subject.
of the artwork
Content in Art
- how the elements and the medium or
material are put together (Why was the artwork created in the first place?)
Types of Subject To understand the meaning or message of a
certain work of art, we must first identify the
Representational art
different levels of meaning. One may ask the
– refer to objects or events occurring in there real question “Why is my interpretation of a certain
world artwork different from others?” or “Why is the
lesson that I got from a movie or from a certain
- also called figurative art because the
song different from the lesson that they learned?”
figuresdepicted are easy to make out and decipher
Different Levels of Meaning
Non-representational art
 Factual meaning – the literal statement or the
- does not make a reference to the real world
narrative content in the work which can be
whether it is a person, place, thing or even a
directly apprehended because the objects
particular event
presented are easily recognized.
- mainly visual elements such as shapes,lines and  Conventional meaning – refers to the special
colors that are employed to translate a particular meaning that a certain object or color has for a
feeling, emotion and even concept. particular culture or group of people. It also
pertains to the acknowledged interpretation of
Sources of Subject the artwork using motifs, signs, symbol and
1. Nature - in the broadest sense, is equivalent to other cyphers as bases of its meaning.
the natural world, physical universe, material  Subjective meaning – these meanings stem
world or material universe. from the viewer’s or audience’ circumstances
2. People - They are considered the most that come into play when engaging with art.
interesting subject of an artwork which may be The meaning may not be singular, rather,
real or imagined. People as subjects may be multiple and varied.
presented as individuals or groups. Factors affecting subjective meaning:
3. History - It is the depiction of factual events
that occurred in the past whose purpose is 1. What we know
either to remember important events of long 2. What we learned
ago or to teach the learners about the lessons 3. What we experienced
of the past. 4. The values we stand for
4. Legends - Artworks based on legends present
Artist vs Artisan
to viewers of the art something tangible even
when unverified.  An artist is a person engaged in an activity
5. Religion - Artists used as inspiration the related to creating art, practicing the arts, or
religious texts as the Bible, Quran and Torah demonstrating an art
in conveying their ideas and beliefs through  An artisan (from French: artisan, Italian:
their art works. artigiano) is a skilled craft worker who
6. Mythology - These are sources of subjects that makes or creates things by hand that may be
come from the stories of gods and goddesses functional or strictly decorative, for example
of Ancient Greece, Rome, Norse and furniture, decorative arts, sculptures,
Egyptians. clothing, jewellery, food items, household
 items and tools or even mechanisms such as • Blending accomplished by using the finger
the handmade clockwork movement of a or a paper stump to gradually change the
watchmaker. tone from dark to light.
2. Ink – one of the oldest material for
drawing that is still in use. It allows for a
great variety of qualities depending on the
tools and technique used in application.
3. Pastel – composed of dry pigment held
together by a gum binder and compressed
into sticks. There are 3 kinds of pastel: soft
pastel, hard pastel and oil pastel.
4. Charcoal – this is an organic medium that
comes from burnt wood. There are 2 kinds of
charcoal: the compressed or manufactured
charcoal and the vine charcoal.
5. Paper – the most common surface used in
two-dimensional art. Paper is an organic
material made from wood, grass and linen
rags. There are generally 3 types of paper:
hot-pressed paper is smooth, cold-pressed
The Medium of Visual Art paper has moderate texture, and the rough
paper has the most texture.
Two types of Visual Art
Painting- described as the art of creating beautiful
A. Graphic or Two-dimensional Art
effects on a flat surface. It is the process of
B. Plastic or Three-dimensional Art applying paint onto a smooth surface like paper,
cloth, canvas, wood or plaster.
Graphic or Two-dimensional Art
The Different Media used for Painting
1. Drawing
2. Painting 1. Watercolor – for watercolor paints, the
3. Mosaic pigments are mixed with water and applied
4. Collage to paper.
5. Printmaking 2. Gouache – this is paint in which the
pigment has been mixed with water and
Drawing-the fundamental skill needed in the
added with a chalk-like material to give it
visual art
an opaque effect.
The Different Media for Drawing 3. Oil Paints – the pigments are mixed with
as its binder. This medium was discovered
1.Pencil – this is made of graphite which comes in by a Flemish painter Jan Van Eyck in the
different hardness or thickness, making possible a 15th century.
wide range of value. 4. Tempera – this is pigment mixed with egg
Different Shading Techniques yolk as binder. Sometimes gum or glue is
used in place of egg. The ideal surface for
• Hatching – is drawing a series of parallel lines tempera is wood.
that run in the same direction 5. Fresco – this is pigment mixed with water
• Cross–hatching – is drawing a series of thin and applied on a portion of the wall with
parallel lines and criss-crossing it with another set wet plaster. The wet plaster allows the
of thin parallel lines. color to stick to the surface and thus,
becomes a permanent part of the wall.
 Stippling – is using the sharp point of the 6. Acrylic – this is the modern medium of
pencil to make dot patterns to create depth in synthetic paint using acrylic emulsion as
some parts of the drawing. binder. It is widely used by contemporary
 painters. It has the quick drying quality of functional objects.
watercolor and is as flexible as oil paints.
7. Mosaic – are wall or floor decorations The matrix below shows the difference of
made of small tiles or irregularly cut pieces the art forms as identified:
of colored stones or glass called tesserae.
These are meticulously fitted together to
form a pattern and glued with plaster or
cement.
Collage- derived from a French word “coller”
which means “to stick”. A collage is technique of
making an artwork by gluing or pasting on a firm Functional Art Forms are those which may
support materials or found objects. benefit the cause of man’s existence. They are
Print making - a process used for making art forms which give people sustenance as to
reproductions of graphic works. Printmaking need for life to be better. This benefit is
allows for the repeated transfer of a master image mostly financial in nature.
from a printing plate onto a surface.
Non-functional art forms, on the other hand,
B. Plastic or Three-Dimensional Art Nonfunctional art is art that serves no
Sculpture – the word sculpture has originated utilitarian purpose. Nonfunctional art also
from the Latin word “sculpere” which means “to encompasses paintings, sculptures and all
carve”. It is defined as the art or practice of manner of fine art. These pieces usually seek
creating three-dimensional forms or figures. to engage with the viewer on an intellectual,
3 Kinds of Sculpture
emotional or aesthetic level.

1. Freestanding – these are sculptures which Functions of Art

can be viewed from all sides.  Personal function – varies and highly
2. Relief – These are sculptures in which the subjective. The human need for expression.
figures project from a background.
 Social function – when it addresses a
• Low relief (bas relief) – the figures are slightly
particular collective interest as opposed to a
raised from its background, less shadows are
created. personal

• High relief – almost half of the figures project interest. (Ex. Advertisement of diaper which is
from its background, more shadows are created. intended only for mothers with babies)

3. Kinetic (mobiles) – A sculpture that is  Physical function – the easiest to spot and
capable of movement by wind, water or understand. It can be found in artworks that
other forms of energy. are crafted to serve some physical purpose.
Functions and Philosophical Perspectives  Historical function – Art forms serve to
on Art record historical figures and events.
Functions of Art  Economic Function – Art can be a source of
income.
Arts is a much needed avenue for people to:
Philosophical Perspectives on Art
1. Express freely oneself;
Plato
2. Socially express his need for display,
 Art as an imitation - Things in this world
celebration and communication; and
are only copies of the original
3. Physically express the need for utility of
 They appeal to emotion rather than reason. 4. Plaster – specifically, Plaster of Paris, is
finely ground gypsum mixed with water
 They imitate rather than lead one to reality. and poured into a mold.
Aristotle 5. Terra cotta (cooked earth) – this is baked
clay or clay fired in a kiln at a relatively
 Art as representation – an attempt to represent high temperature. The major weakness of
what things might be. clay is its fragility; it breaks easily.
 Art allows for the experience of pleasure. 6. Glass- this is made by heating and cooling
a combination of sand and soda lime.
 Art has an ability to be instructive and teach Glass may be transparent, translucent or
audience about life. opaque.
7. Plastic – a synthetic medium made from
Immanuel Kant organic polymers. While plastic is soft, it
Art as a disinterested Judgment – judgment of can be molded into a form.
beauty can be universal despite its subjectivity. Elements of Arts
 Subjective taste does not focus on the properties 1. Line
of the object itself but rather on the pleasure one
experiences as he responds to it. 2. Color

 Universal taste is non-aesthetic and does not 3. Shape

consider the beauty of the work, but rather, the
4. Texture
artwork is appreciated for what it is.
5. Space
Leo Tolstoy
6. Movement
 Art as a communication of emotion – art plays
a huge role in communication to its audience’s Line
emotions that the artist previously experienced. • it is the path made by a moving point
 If language communicates information, art • A series of dots
communicates emotions.
• A prolongation of points
 It makes accessible feelings and emotions of
people from the past and present. • An intended mark made by the artist to
convey
Sculpture and Its Medium
meaning beyond its physical description
The Different Media of Sculpture
Kinds of Lines
1. Stone – a natural medium. It is hard and
relatively permanent. Sculptures made 1.Straight Lines – are geometric and
from stone will last for many years. impersonal and differ in the direction they take.
Marble is deemed by sculptors as the most They may move from left to right, start from top
beautiful stone for sculpture. going down, slant or move up and down forming
2. Wood – also a natural medium. Compared angles. Whatever is the direction, each kind
to stone, wood is relatively easy to work indicates a specific type of emotion.
on. The major weaknesses of wood is a) Horizontal lines – move from left to right or
moisture that causes it to rot; fire and vice versa. It is the line that appears to be laying
termites. down
3. Metal – the medium is used for sculpture
because of its three unique qualities: b) Vertical lines – start from the bottom going up
tensile strength, ductility and malleability. or vice versa. It is the line that appears to be
The ideal metals for sculptures are alloys standing
(stainless steel, bronze and brass)
c) Diagonal lines – are slanting lines. In visual art
it suggests two meanings, a positive and negative
4. Geometric shapes – are the triangles, rectangles,
one. On the positive, it indicates action and
squares, cylinders, cubes, etc.
movement. On the negative, it conveys a feeling
of uncertainty, stress or defeat. Texture
d) Zigzag line – are angular lines that resulted • Refers to the feel or tactile quality of the surface
because of abrupt change in the direction of a of an object.
straight line thus forming angles.
Example:
2.Curved lines – are technically curvilinear lines.
These lines are found in nature particularly in • Rough or smooth
living organisms. • Fine or coarse
Color • Polished or dull
• A property of light, so when the light goes out, • Plain or irregular
color goes with it.
Space
• It expresses moods, feelings and personality
• Space is an illusion in the graphic arts.
Properties of Color
• Created by techniques that adds depth and
1.Hue – the name given to the color, for example: distance to two-dimensional art
red, green, violet and blue
• In sculpture and architecture, space is actually
2.Value – refers to the lightness and darkness of a present
color.
Movement
3.Intensity – denotes the brightness and dullness
of a color. • Portrays motion in artworks

Shape 2 ways to present motion or movement

• In visual arts, a shape is formed when two ends 1.Actual movement in art, specifically in
of a line meet to enclose an area. sculptures results in kinetic art. Actual movements
may be achieved naturally using wind and water
Classification of Shapes or mechanically through some energy source
1.Natural or organic shapes – are those seen in (batteries or electricity).
nature like the shapes of leaves, animals, 2.Implied movement results when a variety of
mountains, flowers and seashells. lines are used together, repeated, changed in
Shape position, or decreased/increased in size. This gives
the impression of movement in a stationary two-
• In visual arts, a shape is formed when two ends dimensional art.
of a line meet to enclose an area.
Principles of Art
Classification of Shapes
1. Balance
1.Natural or organic shapes – are those seen in
nature like the shapes of leaves, animals, 2. Scale and Proportion
mountains, flowers and seashells. 3. Emphasis
2.Abstract shapes – are those that have little or no 4. Contrast
resemblance to natural objects
5. Unity
3. Non-objective or biomorphic shapes – seldom
have reference to recognizable objects, but most 6. Variety
often show a similarity to some organic forms 7. Harmony
8. Movement 10. Repetition – the elements may appear in the
artwork in a recurring manner
9. Rhythm
11. Pattern – the image created out of repetition.
10.Repetition
11.Pattern
1. Balance – refers to the distribution of the visual
elements in view of their placement in relation to
each other. 3 forms of balance:
• Symmetrical – the elements used on one side are
reflected on the other
• Asymmetrical – the elements are not the same on
each side, putting the heaviness on one side
• Radial – there is a central point in the
composition, around which the elements and
objects are distributed.
2. Scale and Proportion – the size of an object in
relation to another or relative to a whole
composition.
• Natural – relates to the realistic size-relations of
the visual elements in the artwork.
• Exaggerated – this refer to the unusual size-
relation of visual elements
• Idealized – the size-relation of elements achieve
the most ideal size-relation.
3. Emphasis – allows the attention of the viewer to
a focal point, accentuating or drawing attention to
these elements or objects
4. Contrast – the disparity between the elements
that figure into the composition. One object may
be made stronger as compared to other objects
5. Unity – a sense of accord or completeness from
the artwork
6. Variety – the principle that aims to retain the
interest by allowing patches or areas that both
excite and allow the eye to rest.
7. Harmony – elements or objects achieve a sense
of flow and interconnectedness
8. Movement – refers to the direction of the
viewing eye as it goes through the artwork, often
guided by the areas or elements that are
emphasized.
9. Rhythm – this is created when an element is
repeated, creating implied movement