Data (which was separated out of the acquired dataset at Data Acquisition
stage.
The efficiency of the model is calculated on the basis of the parameters mentioned below:
1. Accuracy Accuracy is defined as percentage of the correct predictions out of all the observations.
2. Precision Precision is defined as the percentage of true positive cases versus all the cases where
the prediction is true.
3. Recall Recall is defined as the fraction of positive cases that are correctly Identified. 4. F1 score The F1 score is a number between 0 and 1 and is the harmonic mean of precision and r
ONE MARK QUESTIONS
1. The AI Project Cycle is a ____________ that a company must follow in order to derive value from an AI project and to solve the problem. a. Step-by-step process b. Random process c. Reverse process d. None of the above 2. 2. The stages of the AI project cycle are _____________. a. Problem Scoping & Data Acquisition b. Data Exploration & Modeling c. Evaluation d. All of the above 3. Fill in the blank: Neural Network is a mesh of multiple ____________. (Hidden Layers) 4. Divya was learning neural networks. She understood that there were three layers in a neural network. Help her identify the layer that does processing in the neural network. (a) Output layer
101 (b) Hidden layer (c) Input layer (d) Data layer 5. How you can identify the problem scoping in the project. a. Understand why the project was started b. Define the project’s primary objectives c. Outline the project’s work statement. d. All of the above 6. Identify the algorithm based on the given graph
(a) Dimensionality reduction
(b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Regression 7. Smita is working on a project that involves over a lakh of records. Which of the following should she use to make the best project? (a) Traditional programming (b) Manual processing (c) IoT (d) Neural networks 8. __________ element helps us to understand and categorize who is directly and indirectly affected by the problem. a. Who b. What c. Where d. Why 9. For better efficiency of an AI project Training data should be _______ i) Relevant ii) Scattered iii) Structured iv) Authentic Choose the correct option: (a) Both i and ii (b) Both i and iv (c) Only I 102 (d) Only iv 10.___________ section aids us in analyzing and recognizing the nature of the problem. a. Who b. What c. Where d. Why
11. _________ elements help to find where the problem arises.
a. Who b. What c. Where d. Why
12.___________refers to why we need to address the problem and what the advantages will be for the stakeholders once the problem is solved. a. Who b. What c. Where d. Why
13.________ summarizes all of the important points in one place.
a. Problem statement template b. Problem statement document c. Problem statement file d. None of the above 14.The method of collecting correct and dependable data to work with is known as ___________. a. Problem Scoping b. Data Acquisition c. Data Exploration d. Modeling 15.What is data in AI? a. Facts b. Instruction c. Information d. All of the above 16.Which of the following refers to where among 4Ws canvas? a. stakeholders b. nature of the problem 103 c. context/situation/location d. solution or benefits to the stakeholders 17. What are the different types of data __________. a. Structured Data b. Unstructured Data c. Both a) and b) d. None of the above 18. If data is easily accessible by humans and program, and easy to read is known as _____________. a. Structured Data b. Unstructured Data c. Both a) and b) d. None of the above 19._________ data doesn’t follow traditional data models and is difficult to read, store and manage. a. Structured Data b. Unstructured Data c. Both a) and b) d. None of the above 20.The dataset is divided in two parts ___________. a. Machine dataset & Model dataset b. Training dataset & Test dataset c. Gaolable dataset & local dataset d. None of the above 21.________ is a collection of data in tabular format. a. Dataset b. Structured Data c. Unstructured Data d. None of the above 22.A device that detects or measures a physical property is called __________. a. Sensor b. API c. Observation d. None of the above 23.An __________ is a software interface that enables the interaction between two apps. a. Sensor b. API c. Observation d. None of the above
104 24.What is a System Map? a. Helps to make relation between multiple element b. Only one element will be responsible c. Indicate the relationship using + or – d. Both a) and c) 25.Data analysts utilize data visualization and statistical tools to convey dataset characterizations, such as ___________. a. size b. amount c. accuracy d. All of the above 26.Data exploration is a technique used to visualize data in the form of statistical methods or using graphs. a. Statistical methods b. Graphical methods c. Both a) and b) d. None of the above 27.Data Exploration helps you gain a better understanding of a _________. a. Dataset b. Database c. accuracy d. None of the above 28._____________helps to represent graphical data that use symbols to convey a story and help people understand large volumes of information. a. Dataset b. Data visualization c. Data Exploration d. None of the above 29.A machine that work and react like human is known as ____________. a. Artificial Intelligence b. Machine Learning c. Deep Learning d. None of the above 30. Machine have abilities to learn from the experience or data. a. Artificial Intelligence b. Machine Learning c. Deep Learning d. None of the above
105 31._________ is a program that has been trained to recognize patterns using a set of data. a. AI model b. Dataset c. Visualization d. None of the above 32.Type of AI model are _____________. a. Lesson Based and Rood Based b. Learning Based and Rule Based c. Machine Learning and Visualization d. None of the above 33.___________refers to AI modelling in which the developer hasn’t specified the relationship or patterns in the data. a. Learning Based b. Rule Based c. Decision Tree d. None of the above
34. After a model has been created and trained, it must be thoroughly tested in order to determine its efficiency and performance; this is known as ___________. a. Evaluation b. Learning c. Decision d. None of the above 35.Which of the following is the first and the crucial stage of AI Project development which focuses on identifying and understanding problems? a) Problem Scoping (ii) Data Acquisition (iii) Data Exploration (iv) Modelling 36.…………………… refer to the type of data to be collected. a) Data security (ii) Data policy (iii) Data quality (iv) Data features 37.Which of the following uses dots to represent the relationship between two different numeric variables represented on the x and y axis? a) Histogram (ii) Scatter plot (iii) Bullet Graphs (iv) Tree Diagram 38.Statement A: Neural networks are made up of layers of neurons. Statement B: Human brain consists of millions of neurons. i)Only Statement A is correct (ii) Only Statement B is correct (iii) Both the statements are correct (iv) None of the statements is correct 39. The process of developing AI machines has different stages that are collectively known as Al …………………… .
106 a) Project status (ii) Project cycle (iii) Both a) and (b) (iv) None of these
TWO MARK QUESTIONS
1) Define AI Project Cycle, Name all the stages of an AI Project cycle.
Ans) Project Cycle is a step-by-step process to solve problems using proven scientific methods and drawing inferences about them. The AI Project Cycle provides us with an appropriate framework which can lead us towards the goal. The AI Project Cycle mainly has 5 stages: They are a) Problem Scoping b) Data Acquisition c) Data Exploration d) Modelling e) Evaluation. 2) Name the 4Ws of problem canvases under the problem scoping stage of the AI Project Cycle. Ans) a. Who, b. What c. Where d. Why 3) What is a problem statement template and what is its significance?
Ans) The problem statement template gives a clear idea about the basic framework required to achieve the goal. It is the 4Ws canvas which segregates; , who is affected, what is the problem, where does it arise, why is it a problem? It takes us straight to the goal. 4) What is the need of an AI Project Cycle? Explain. Ans) Project cycle is the process of planning, organizing, coordinating, and finally developing a project effectively throughout its phases, from planning through execution then completion and review to achieve pre-defined objectives. Our mind makes up plans for every task which we have to accomplish which is why things become clearer in our mind. Similarly, if we have to develop an AI project, the AI Project Cycle provides us with an appropriate framework which can lead us towards the goal. The major role of AI Project Cycle is to distribute the development of AI project in various stages so that the development becomes easier, clearly understandable and the steps / stages should become more specific to efficiently get the best possible output. It mainly has 5 ordered stages which distribute the entire development in specific and clear steps: These are Problem Scoping, Data Acquisition, Data Exploration, Modelling and Evaluation. 5) What is Sustainable development? ANS – Sustainable development is the development that satisfies the needs of the present without compromising the capacity of future generations. This was a warning to all countries about the effects of globalization and economic growth on the environment. 107 6) How many goals are there in Sustainable Development? Mention any two goals ANS – In 2015, The general assembly of UN adopted the 2030 agenda for SD based on the principle “Leaving None Behind”. The 17 goals in Sustainable Development goals are – 1. No poverty 2. Zero Hunger 3. Good Health and Well Being 4. Quality Education 5. Gender Equality 6. Clean water and Sanitation 7. Affordable and Clean Energy 8. Decent Work and Economic Growth 9. Industry Innovation and Infrastructure 10.Reduced Inequalities 11.Sustainable Cities and Communities 12.Responsible Consumption and Production 13.Climate Action 14.Life Below Water 15.Life on Land 16.Peace, Justice and Strong Institution 17.Partnership for the Goals
7) Why we need to explore data through visualization?
Ans) 1) We want to quickly get a sense of the trends, relationships, and patterns contained within the data. 2) It helps us define strategy for which model to use at a later stage. 3) Visual representation is easier to understand and communicate to others.
8) What precautions to be taken while acquiring data for developing an AI Project?
Ans) Data should be collected from an authentic source, and should be accurate. The redundant and irrelevant data should not be a part of prediction. 108 9) Explain Data Exploration Stage. Ans) In this stage of project cycle, we try to interpret some useful information out of the data we have acquired. For this purpose, we need to explore the data and try to put it uniformly for a better understanding. This stage deals with validating or verification of the collected data and to analyse that: ➢ The data is according to the specifications decided. ➢ The data is free from errors. ➢ The data is meeting our needs
10) What are the features of an Artificial Neural Network?
Ans) Any Artificial Neural Network, irrespective of the style and logic of implementation, has a few basic features as given below. • The Artificial Neural Network systems are modelled on the human brain and nervous system. • They are able to automatically extract features without feeding the input by programmer. • Every node of layer in a Neural Network is compulsorily a machine learning algorithm. • It is very useful to implement when solving problems for very huge datasets.
11) Explain Rule-based AI modelling approaches.
Ans)Rule Based Approach: It refers to the AI modelling where the relationship or patterns in data are defined by the developer. The machine follows the rules or instructions mentioned by the developer, and performs its task accordingly. For example, suppose you have a dataset comprising of 100 images of apples and 100 images of bananas. To train your machine, you feed this data into the machine and label each image as either apple or banana. Now if you test the machine with the image of an apple, it will compare the image with the trained data and according to the labels of trained images, it will identify the test image as an apple. This is known as Rule based approach. The rules given to the machine in this example are the labels given to the machine for each image in the training dataset. 12) Explain learning-based AI modelling approaches.? Ans) Learning Based Approach: In this approach, the machine learns by itself. It refers to the AI modelling where the relationship or patterns in data are not defined by the 109 developer. In this approach, random data is fed to the machine to figure out patterns and trends out of it. Generally, this approach is followed when the data is un labelled and too random for a human to make sense out of it. For example, suppose you have a dataset of 1000 images of random stray dogs of your area. You would put this into a learning approach-based AI machine and the machine would come up with various patterns it has observed in the features of these 1000 images which you might not have even thought of! 13) Explain the Supervised Learning
Ans) a) Supervised learning is an approach to creating artificial intelligence (AI), where the program is given labelled input data and the expected output results. OR Supervised learning is a learning in which we teach or train the machine using data which is well labelled that means some data is already tagged with the correct answer. After that, the machine is provided with a new set of examples (data) so that supervised learning algorithm analyses the training data (set of training examples) and produces a correct outcome from labelled data. In a supervised learning model, the dataset which is fed to the machine is labelled. It means some data is already tagged with the correct answer. In other words, we can say that the dataset is known to the person who is training the machine only then he/she is able to label the data. 14) Explain the Unsupervised Learning
Ans) Unsupervised Learning: An unsupervised learning model works on unlabelled dataset.
This means that the data which is fed to the machine is random and there is a possibility that the person who is training the model does not have any information regarding it. The unsupervised learning models are used to identify relationships, patterns and trends out of the data which is fed into it. It helps the user in understanding what the data is about and what are the major features identified by the machine in it. 15) Explain the graphical representation of Classification AI model.
Ans) Classification: The classification Model works on the labelled data. For example, we have 3 coins of different denomination which are labelled according to their weight then the model would look for the labelled features for predicting the output. This model works on discrete dataset which means the data need not be continuous. 16) Draw the graphical representation of Regression AI model. Regression: These models work on continuous data to predict the output based on patterns. For example, if you wish to predict your next salary, then you would put in the data of your previous salary, any increments, etc., and would train the model. Here, the data which has been fed to the machine is continuous.
