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    SP21 BCS 072 Assig 02

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Hassaan
    this is also an assignment pdf

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    SP21 BCS 072 Assig 02

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Hassaan
    6 views4 pages
    this is also an assignment pdf

    Original Title

    SP21-BCS-072-ASSIG-02

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    this is also an assignment pdf

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    6 views4 pages

    SP21 BCS 072 Assig 02

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Hassaan
    this is also an assignment pdf

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    MUHAMMAD HASSAN

    Assignment#2
    Wheatstone Bridge
    Wheatstone bridge, also known as the resistance bridge, calculates the unknown
    resistance by balancing two legs of the bridge circuit. One leg includes the
    component of unknown resistance.
    The Wheatstone Bridge Circuit comprises two known resistors, one unknown
    resistor and one variable resistor connected in the form of a bridge. This bridge is
    very reliable as it gives accurate measurements.

    Principle:
    The Wheatstone bridge works on the principle of zero deflection that means the
    ratio of their resistances is equal and no current flows through the circuit. Under
    normal conditions, the bridge is in an unbalanced condition where current flows
    through the galvanometer. The bridge is said to be in a balanced condition when
    no current flows through the galvanometer. This condition can be got by adjusting
    the known resistance and variable resistance.

    Resistance:
    Resistors R1 and R2 are greatly known, while the arrow through R3 indicates that
    it is a variable resistance. The value of R3 can be precisely read. With the
    unknown resistance Rx in the circuit, R3 is adjusted until the galvanometer reads
    zero. The potential difference between point b and d is zero, meaning that b and
    d are at the same potential. With no current running through the galvanometer, it
    has no effect on the rest of the circuit. So, the branches ABC and ADC are in
    parallel, and each branch has the full voltage of the source. That is, the IR drops
    along ABC and ADC are the same. Since B and D are at the same potential,
    the drop along AD must equal the IR drop along AB. Thus,

    I1R1=I2R3.
    Again, since b and d are at the same potential, the IR drop along DC must equal
    the IR drop along BC. Thus,

    I1R2=I2Rx.
    Taking the ratio of these last two expressions gives

    I1R1/I1R2=I2R3/I2Rx.
    Canceling the currents and solving for Rx gives

    Rx=R3R2/R1.

    “Example of Wheatstone Bridge”


    Wheatstone Bridge for Strain Measurement:
    One of the most commonly used applications of Wheatstone Bridge is in the
    Strain Measurement. Strain Gauge is a device whose electrical resistance varies in
    proportion to the mechanical factors like Pressure, Force or Strain.

    Usually, the range of strain gauge resistance is from 30 Ω to 3000 Ω. For a given
    strain, the resistance change may be only a fraction of the full range. Therefore,
    to accurately measure the fractional changes of resistance, a Wheatstone Bridge
    configuration is used.

    The circuit below shows a Wheatstone bridge where the unknown resistor is
    replaced with a strain gauge.
    Due to the external force, the resistance of the strain gauge changes and as a
    result, the bridge becomes unbalanced. The output voltage can be calibrated to
    display the changes in strain.

    One popular configuration of Strain Gauges and Wheatstone Bridge is in Weight


    Scales. In this, the Strain Gauges are carefully mounted as a single unit called as
    Load Cells, which is a transducer which converts mechanical force to electrical
    signal. Usually, weight scales consist of four load cells, where two strain gauges
    expand or stretch (tension type) when external force is acting and two strain
    gauges compress (compression type) when load is placed.

    Wheatstone Bridge Circuit Applications:

     Measuring Resistance
     Electronic Sensing
     Light detector circuit
     To measure variations in light intensity, pressure or strain.

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