GST:

EMPLOYABILITY
SKILLS
COMMUNICATION SKILLS
 INDEX
◦ 1. Introduction to communication
◦ 2. Verbal communication
◦ 3. Non – verbal communication
◦ 4. Pronunciation Basics
◦ 5. Communication skills – Assertiveness
◦ 6. Saying no – Refusal skills
◦ 7.Writing Skills – Parts of Speech
◦ 8. Writing Skills – Sentences
◦ 9. Greetings and Introduction
◦ 10. Talking about Self
◦ 11. Asking Questions
◦ 12. Talking about Family
◦ 13. Describing Habits and Routines
◦ 14. Asking for directions
SESSION 1: INTRODUCTION
TO COMMUNICATION
BY – BHAVANA MAJETI
 INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE
◦ Communication is the ‘sharing’ of information between two or more individuals or
within the group to reach a common understanding. The word ‘communication’
comes from the Latin word commūnicāre, meaning ‘to share’.
◦ Your ability to communicate clearly and share thoughts, feelings and ideas will help
you in all your relations with other people.
◦ Speaking more than one language can help you to communicate well with people
around the world.
Communication skills are needed to
• Inform – for example, communicating the time of a meeting.
• Influence – for example, negotiating with a shopkeeper to reduce the price.
• Express feelings – for example, to say or show that you are excited about your success
or about a given task.
 ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION
 PERSPECTIVE AND FACTORS
Perspectives are ideas, views, or fixed ways of thinking. These sometimes affect our
communication. For example, if you have a fixed idea that your teacher or father is strict,
even when they are being friendly, you may think they are scolding you. In the same way,
others may also have fixed ideas about you, which affects whatever you say to them.

The following are factors affecting perspective in communication:

◦ Language
◦ Visual Perception
◦ Past Experiences
◦ Prejudice
◦ Feelings
◦ Environment
◦ Personal factors
◦ Culture
 EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION

◦ Effective communication
can happen if we follow
the basic principles of
professional
communication skills.
◦ These can be
abbreviated as 7 Cs, i.e.,
clear, concise, concrete,
correct, coherent,
complete and
courteous.
SESSION 2: VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
BY – KARTIK VERMA
 VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Writing on
Face to Face
Verbal communication is the sharing of paper

information using words. It is what most people

use as a method of communication. Verbal
communication is important because if you do Talking on the
SMS
phone
not use the right words, you will cause confusion
and you will not be able to communicate what
you want. Business
meetings and
E - Mails
Public
speeches

Printing books
and
newspapers
ORAL OR SPOKEN COMMUNICATION
TALKING ON A PHONE:
FACE TO FACE CONVERSATION:
This is for personal and official communication .
When you can see the listener. For
Phone conversations should begin with a greeting
example , group discussions , talking
(Hello), talking and listening to each other . The
to family members at home, public
Conversations can end with a ‘Thank you’ or ‘Bye’.
speeches etc.

Classroom teaching, business meetings and public

Speeches are other examples of oral communication, where
One person talks to many others at once
 WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
• WRITING ON PAPER
: Letters, notes etc.

• SMS (SHORT MESSAGE SERVICE)

: These can be sent through a phone
to a person or a group

• Using emails to share thoughts ,documents and files

(including photos ,videos ,music etc.). E mails can be
used to send messages to a person or to a group.

• Printed Books and Newspapers

Advantages
•This is easy and quick. You
can say w hat you w ant
and get a quick response

•I t is an easier form of
communication when you
hav e to exchange ideas.
You keep changing your
VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
communication as per the
other person’s reply

ADVANTAGES
Disadv antages &
• Since verbal
communication depends
on words, sometimes the
DISADVANTAGES
meaning becomes
confusing and difficult to
understand if the right
words are not used.
 PUBLIC SPEAKING
◦ Speaking in front of a large group makes most people nervous. You can use the 3Ps
(Prepare, Practice, Perform) method to get over your fears, and become a confident
and effective speaker.

Prepare
◦ Think about your topic
◦ Think about what your listeners need to know about the topic Think about the best way
to make your listeners understand your topic
◦ Write what you plan to say

Practice
◦ Practice by yourself first. Talk in front of a mirror
◦ Talk in front of your family and friends and ask them what they think
◦ Speak clearly, loudly and at the right speed (not very fast nor very slow)

Perform
◦ Take a few deep breaths if you are feeling nervous
◦ Think about what you have prepared and start speaking confidently
SESSION 3: NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

BY – KARTIK VERMA
NON VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
◦ Non-verbal communication is the
message we send to others without using
any words. We send signals and
messages to others through expressions,
gestures and body postures.
 IMPORTANCE OF NON VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
◦ In our day-to-day communication, it is observed that most of
the communication is done using body movements (face or
arms movements, etc.) and voice control (voice, tone,
pauses, etc.) and less than 10% is done using words.

=> Exchanging information without words:

◦ Hand movements (gestures) and body language
◦ Raising a hand to greet
◦ Pointing your finger in anger

=> Expressions : 1) Smiling to show happiness

2) Making a sad face when you are upset
MAKE YOUR MESSAGE STRONGER VIA
VERBAL COMMUNICATION
◦ Using the right gestures and postures helps us to be professional at
work.
◦ • Using the right gestures while speaking makes our message more
effective.
◦ • Knowing non-verbal communication helps us understand our
audience’s reaction and adjust our behaviour or communication
accordingly.
◦ • If verbal messages are blocked by noise or distance, etc., we can
use hand movements to exchange our message. Placing a finger on
the lips to indicate need for silence and nodding the head up and
saying ‘yes’.
TYPES OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
TYPE WHAT DOES IT IMPLY HOW TO USE IT EFFECTIVELY

Facial Expression Our expressions show our feelings: • Smile when you meet someone
Happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear, etc. • Keep your face relaxed
• Match your expressions with what you are saying

Posture Postures are positions of the body. They show our confidence and feelings. • Keep upper body relaxed and, shoulders straight
• Sit straight, rest hands and feet in relaxed position
• Keep hands by your sides while standing

Gestures or Body language Gestures describe mov ements of parts of the body, especially hands or head, to • Av oid pointing at people with your finger
express an idea or meaning. This includes waving, pointing and using our hands when • Bend your head a little while talking or listening to show that you are
speaking. For example, raising a hand may mean asking a question. Biting nails show paying attention
nerv ousness.
T YP E WHA T DO E S I T I MP L Y HO W T O U S E I T E FFE C T I VE L Y

Touch W e communicate a great deal through our touch, such as shaking • Shake hands firmly
hands and patting on the back. For example, a firm handshake • Av oid other touch gestures during formal communication
shows confidence. Sports coaches giv e a pat on the back of players
to encourage them.

Space Space is the physical distance maintained between two people. It is • Maintain proper space depending on the relationship, which
important to maintain a proper distance when speaking with could be formal or informal as the closeness with the person with
someone. whom you are talking.

Eye contact The way we look at someone can communicate things, such as • Look at the person who is speaking
interest or anger. Eye contact is when two people are looking • Keep a relaxed, pleasant look.
directly into one another’s eyes. It shows that we are paying • Break the look ev ery few seconds
attention to the person. Looking away can make the other person
feel ignored.

Paralanguage Paralanguage means how we speak. The tone of our v oice, speed • Use a proper tone and v olume while speaking
and v olume can make a difference in the meaning we want to • Maintain a moderate rate(speed) of talking
show. Speaking too fast may show happiness, excitement or
nerv ousness. Speaking too slow may show seriousness or sadness.
SESSION 4: PRONUNCIATION BASICS

BY – SAI HARSHITHA
PRONUNCIATION AND SPEAKING
SKILLS
◦ Pronunciation is the way you say a word, just as spelling is how you write a word
◦ To communicate well when you speak , you need to know how to pronounce words
correctly.
◦ Correct pronunciation will help you express yourself in a clear and confident manner. It will
also help others to understand you words easily
◦ Sometimes words, which have similar spellings are pronounced differently . Sometimes words
, which have different spellings may be pronounced in the same way . The best way to learn
correct pronunciation of words is to listen carefully.

PHONETICS :
◦ Phonetics is the study of the sounds that we make when we speak.
◦ The English alphabet has 26 letters from A to Z . But each of these letters can be
pronounced in different ways in different words. We use 26 letters to write in English. But, we
use more than 26 sounds when we speak English. This is why a words spelling doesn’t always
match its pronunciation.
TYPES OF SOUNDS
SESSION 5: COMMUNICATION STYLES — ASSERTIVENESS

BY – TANISH DEWAN
ASSERTIVENESS AND ADVANTAGES
1) Expressing the views without disrespecting others
2) Communicating your views and ideas with each other
3) Respecting others ideas and innovations
4) Helping in balancing the needs of both speaker and listener

ADVANTAGES:

1) BUILDS SELF CONFIDENCE

2) BUILDS SELF RESPECT
3) MAKES U FEEL POSITIVE
4) EVERYONE RESPECT U
5) EVERYONE TRIES TO UNDERSTAND YOUR IDEA AND TRIES TO UNDERSTAND IT
SESSION 6: SAYING NO — REFUSAL
SKILLS

BY – BHAVANA MAJETI
REFUSAL SKILLS – SAYING NO
◦ One of the important ways of being assertive is learning to say ‘no’ without upsetting
others. Have you faced situations where you wanted to say ‘no’, but found it difficult to
say so as you did not want to be rude or upset the other person.

◦ It is often difficult to say ‘no’ to your family, friends, colleagues and seniors. You may
find it difficult to say ‘no’ for various reasons —
• You may not want to make the other person upset or angry
• You may not want to start an argument or seem unhelpful
• You may not want to be left out of a group or a team

But it is important to say no in many situations. For example, when you cannot do what
is being asked, or you do not want to do what is being asked, or it is against the rules or
your own values. Let us learn how to say ‘no’ politely
HOW TO SAY
NO
◦ Remember the vowels
AEIOU? You can follow
the steps for saying ‘No’
politely by using the
AEIOU model. Table 1.12
explains these steps using
two situations where you
need to say ‘no’, with
examples of possible
responses.
SESSION 7: WRITING SKILLS — PARTS OF SPEECH

BY – SAI HARSHITHA
WRITING SKILLS – PARTS OF SPEECH
◦ When we talk or write in English, we use sentences to express ourselves.
◦ Sentences are important because if you do not clearly write sentences then, the
meaning of the same cannot be understood clearly.
◦ A sentence is a group of words that communicate s complete thought for example
Raju goes to school . A group of words which do not make complete sense is known as
a phrase . A sentence always begins with capital letter, and it ends with a question
mark, full stop or exclamation mark.
Punctuation

◦ Punctuation is a set of marks,

such as the full stop
◦ and the comma, which help
us separate parts of a
◦ sentence and explain its
meaning.
◦ Like capitalisation,
punctuation is also a very
important part of sentences
and has some rules
SESSION 8: WRITING SKILLS — SENTENCES

BY – TANISH DEWAN
 WRITING SKILLS - SENTENCES
TYPES :
1) ACTIVE SENTENCES
o THE SENTENCES WHERE THE SUBJECT DOES AN ACTION
o EXAMPLE
• SHE WROTE A LETTER
• HE OPENED THE DOOR

2) PASSIVE SENTENCES
o SENTENCES WHERE SENTENCES THE SUBJECT RECIEVES AN ACTION
o EXAMPLE
• A LETTER WAS WRITTEN BY HER
• THE DOOR WAS OPENED BY HIM

EXAMPLES:
◦ I ATE AN APPLE TODAY
◦ OVER EXPLOITATION OF RESOURCES
◦ OVER THINKING LEADS TO STRESS
◦ BE CAUTIOUS WHILE RUNNING ON ROAD
◦ HELP OTHERS
◦ NEVER JUDGE BOOK BY ITS COVER
SESSION 9: GREETINGS AND INTRODUCTION

BY – BHAVANA MAJETI
 GREETINGS AND
INTRODUCTION
◦ We use certain words called ‘greetings’ before we start talking to
friends, people familiar to us, or even people whom we are
meeting for the first time. Also we use certain sentences to
describe ourselves or others to people who do not know about us.
This forms an introduction.
◦ Greetings - There are many ways to greet when you meet a
person. The greeting and reply to a greeting at work is different
from the greeting and reply given to a friend.
◦ Formal greetings are used if you do not know the person. It is used
to greet a senior, elderly people or people with whom we have
formal relations like teachers or customers. This is used more often
in schools, colleges, offices, in meetings and at work.
◦ Informal greetings are used when you talk to friends, family or
know the person very well.
 INTRODUCING
YOURSELF TO OTHERS
◦ When you are meeting someone for
the first time, or if others want to know
about you, you need to ‘introduce’
yourself. You can do this by telling your
name and some general information
like your hometown, your job or
subjects as a student, your interests,
etc.
◦ When introducing yourself, remember
to look at the other person and smile.
We can introduce someone to others
by telling their name, what they do,
how we know them, or even by
describing something interesting about
them.
SESSION 10: TALKING ABOUT SELF

BY – SAI HARSHITHA
 TALKING ABOUT SELF
◦ When you are meeting someone for the first time, or if others want to know about you,
you need to ‘introduce’ yourself. You can do this by telling your name and some
general information like your hometown, your job or subjects as a student, your
interests, etc.
◦ When introducing yourself, remember to look at the other person and smile. We can
introduce someone to others by telling their name, what they do, how we know them,
or even by describing something interesting about them.
◦ A noun is a ‘naming’ word that is used for a person, place, thing, or idea. Some
examples of nouns are Ali, Delhi, football and music.
◦ A verb is a ‘doing’ word that tells us what the noun does. Some examples of verbs are
play, like, eat and write. Note that some verbs with an ‘ing’ ending can also act as
nouns.
◦ Swimming is an example. We can talk about likes and dislikes using nouns as well as
verbs that end with ‘ing’. For example, cycling, swimming
FILLING A FORM
◦ Sometimes, instead of talking, you will have
to write about yourself in a form.
◦ A form is a typed or printed page with blank
spaces for information.
◦ Each form is different, so you should read it
properly before filling.
◦ Write neatly, while taking care to use the
correct spellings.
◦ A form usually has the following fields for
personal information
SESSION 11: ASKING QUESTIONS

BY – TANISH DEWAN
 ASKING QUESTIONS
a) ALWAYS USE MAY ,COULD ,SHALL
b) ALWAYS ASK QUESTIONS POLITELY
c) ALWAYS WAIT FOR YOUR TURN TO ASK
d) NEVER DISRESPECT THE ANSWERABLE PERSON
e) ALWAYS GIVE YOUR ANSWERS TRUTHFULL
f) NEVER QUESTION ANY ANSWER

EXAMPLES :
◦ MAY I COME IN
◦ SHALL WE GO
◦ COULD I HAVE THIS WATCH
◦ DO YOU LIKE THIS PLACE
◦ CAN YOU PLEASE ANSWER ME THIS
SESSION 12: TALKING ABOUT FAMILY

BY – PALAASH PRABHAKER
TALKING ABOUT FAMILY
◦ In English, parents of both mother and father are called Grandparents (Grandfather and Grandmother).
• Sisters of both father and mother are called Aunts.
• Brothers of both father and mother are called
• Uncles.
• Children of all aunts and uncles are called
• Cousins.
• Family members of the husband or wife are known
• as ‘in-laws’.
• – For example, brothers and sisters of the husband will be brothers-in-law and sisters-in- law for the wife.
• – Brothers and sisters of the wife will be brothers- in-law and sisters-in-law for the husband.
• – Parents of the wife will be father-in-law and mother-in-law for the husband.
• – Parents of the husband will be father-in-law and mother-in-law for the wife.
NEW WORDS – WORDS
THAT SHOW RELATION
◦ In ‘father’s sister’ the word ‘father’s’ describes the
relation with the noun ‘sister’. If you remember, words
which describe a noun or a pronoun are called
adjectives. The type of adjectives which describe
relations or ownership (possession) are known as
Possessive Adjectives. Possessive adjectives can be
used to show a relation between people and owner of
things.
SESSION 13: DESCRIBING HABITS AND ROUTINES

BY – PALAASH PRABHAKER
DESCRIBING HABITS AND ROUTINES
◦ A habit (Figure 1.26) is a practice that we follow, especially one that is very hard to stop or give up. For
example, getting up at a particular time is a habit.
◦ A routine is a regular, ordered way of doing activities at a fixed time. There are some phrases that can
be used to describe your routine. Some words like every day, usually (or generally), always, sometimes,
never, etc., can be used to describe our habits and routines.
◦ The words that are in bold — always, never, sometimes — are used to describe when you do an activity.
They are called Adverbs of Frequency. They describe how often something happens. They are useful in
describing habits. Other examples of such adverbs are shown
SESSION 14: ASKING FOR
DIRECTIONS

BY - KARTIK VERMA
 ASKING
DIRECTIONS
How to Ask for or Giv e Directions
◦ When you need to go to a new place what do you do? You
ask somebody or use a map. When you ask someone, you
ask politely. Start by saying ‘Excuse me’ or by greeting them.
Ask clearly for the place where you want to reach.
◦ The other person will usually tell you in which direction you
should go, how far, and w here you needto take turns.

Some examples are giv en as below:

◦ Excuse me, can you please tell me the way to the National
Bank?
◦ Excuse me, which way is the railway station?
◦ Excuse me, do you know the way to the Gandhi National
Museum?
◦ Can you tell me the directions for reaching your home from
the Tow n Hall?
TERMS FOR
GIVING
DIRECTIONS
If someone asks you for directions,
you should use the same method.
Repeat the directions to make sure
that you hav e understood correctly.
You must thank the person who
helped you, before leav ing.

Some words or phrases used for

thanking others are:

◦ Thank You - This is the

polite way to answer when
anyone helps you.

◦ Thanks - It means
the same thing, but is more
casual (should be used only with
friends or family).

◦ I appreciate that - This is

one more polite way to answer
when someone does something
for you.

◦ I really appreciate that - You can

use this for someone who goes
out of their way to help you.
DIRECTIONS USING
LANDMARKS
◦ More About Directions Using Landmarks
◦ It is v ery helpful if you mention landmarks (places which
are well known or easy to locate) like a bus stand, a lake,
a bridge, big offices and schools, etc. while giv ing
directions.
◦ To giv e directions using the location of well known places,
we use location or position words called ‘prepositions’.
(prepositions show position). Some of these words are —
on, near to, opposite, in front of.

The giv en figure shows examples of giv ing directions to a

place (Cosmos Mall). Different prepositions hav e been used
to giv e directions based on nearby landmarks. Let’s hav e a
look on them
 MEMBERS OF THE PRESENTATION
KARTIK VERMA
SESSION 2: VERBAL COMMUNICATION

SESSION 3: NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION SAI HARSHITHA

SESSION 14: ASKING FOR DIRECTIONS
SESSION 4: PRONUNCIATION BASICS

SESSION 7: WRITING SKILLS — PARTS OF

TANISH DEWAN SPEECH

SESSION 5: COMMUNICATION STYLES — SESSION 10: TALKING ABOUT SELF

ASSERTIVENESS
SESSION 8: WRITING SKILLS — SENTENCES BHAVANA MAJETI
SESSION 11: ASKING QUESTIONS SESSION 1: INTRODUCTION TO
COMMUNICATION
PALAASH PRABHAKER SESSION 6: SAYING NO — REFUSAL SKILLS

SESSION 12: TALKING ABOUT FAMILY SESSION 9: GREETINGS AND INTRODUCTION

SESSION 13: DESCRIBING HABITS AND

ROUTINES
PPT COMPILING AND EDITING