Aeroflot Flight 821

Aeroflot Flight 821 was a scheduled domestic passenger

Aeroflot Flight 821
flight operated by Aeroflot-Nord in a service agreement with
Aeroflot and as its subsidiary. On 14 September 2008, the
aircraft operating the flight crashed on approach to Perm
International Airport at 5:10 local time (UTC+06). All 82
passengers and six crew members were killed. Among the
passengers who were killed was Russian Colonel General
Gennady Troshev, an adviser to the President of Russia who
had been the commander of the North Caucasus Military
District (including Chechnya) during the Second Chechen
War.[1][2][3] A section of the Trans-Siberian Railway was VP-BKO, the aircraft involved in the
damaged by the crash. Flight 821 is the deadliest accident accident, seen 3 months before the
crash
involving a Boeing 737-500, surpassing the 1993 crash of
Asiana Airlines Flight 733, and was the second-deadliest Accident
aviation accident in 2008, behind Spanair Flight 5022.[4] Date 14 September 2008
Summary Crashed following
The primary cause of the crash was that both pilots had lost loss of control on
spatial orientation due to their inexperience with the Western approach
type of attitude indicator on the aircraft. Lack of adequate rest, Site Near Perm
poor crew resource management, and alcohol consumption by International Airport,
the captain also contributed to the accident. Perm, Russia
57°58.255′N
This air disaster led to Aeroflot-Nord rebranding as Nordavia, 56°12.632′E
effective on 1 December 2009, and later to Smartavia in 2019. Aircraft
Aircraft type Boeing 737-505
Operator Aeroflot-Nord
Accident IATA flight No. SU821
ICAO flight No. AFL821
The Boeing 737-505, registration VP-BKO, an aircraft
Call sign AEROFLOT 821
belonging to the Aeroflot subsidiary Aeroflot-Nord but
Registration VP-BKO
operating as Aeroflot flight SU821,[5] was travelling from
Moscow's Sheremetyevo International Airport to Perm Flight origin Sheremetyevo
International Airport,
(Russia). The aircraft crashed into a railway line southwest of Moscow, Russia
Perm at 5:10 AM local time (13 September 2008,
Destination Perm International
23:10 UTC).[6]: 8 [7][8][9][10] The area was rainy at time of the Airport, Perm, Russia
accident (unbroken clouds at 240 metres (790 ft), light
Occupants 88
rain).[11]
Passengers 82
According to an interview given by the air traffic controller Crew 6
shortly after the disaster, the crew did not respond correctly to Fatalities 88
ATC commands: after going around, it turned eastward Survivors 0
instead of westward. However, the crew reported no emergency onboard and confirmed all commands
given by ATC.[12] At 5:10 AM, radio contact with the plane was lost as it crashed on the outskirts of Perm.

Aeroflot-Nord officially stated that: "The Boeing-737 carried 82 passengers on board – including 7 children
– and 6 crew. All passengers and crew were killed. As the plane was coming in for landing, it lost
communication at a height of 1,100 metres (3,600 ft) and air controllers lost its blip.[13] The airplane was
found within Perm's city limits completely destroyed and on fire." Investigator Vladimir Markin said that
"there were 82 passengers plus a baby and 5 crew on board, and by preliminary information, they are all
dead as the airplane fell into a ravine near the city limits." RIA Novosti however reported that "it was
possible that three people who bought a ticket for the ill-fated flight 821 to Perm did not get on board."

Both flight recorders were found and successfully decoded. The airline stated, "it pledged to pay
compensation on obligatory accident insurance in full, which would make up to 2 million rubles per
victim." The crash damaged and shut down a section of the Trans-Siberian Railway; rail traffic was
temporarily re-routed via Chusovaya station and was restored by the evening of 14 September. The aircraft
was leased by Aeroflot-Nord from Dublin-based Pinewatch Limited from July 2008 to March
2013.[14][15][16]

It was reported that its engines caught fire at an altitude of 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). Eyewitness reports stated
that the plane was visibly on fire prior to crashing and hit the ground at a 30–40-degree angle.[7] However,
the low clouds (at 240 metres (790 ft)) must have prevented any witnesses from seeing the plane for more
than a few seconds and the report was subsequently discounted by the accident enquiry (see below).

The final enquiry report stated that "after the base turn, approaching the landing course at 600 metres
(2,000 ft) with both autopilot and autothrottle disengaged, the aircraft started climbing up to 1,300 metres
(4,300 ft), rolled 360° over the left wing and collided with the ground".[6]: 9 [17]

Aircraft
The aircraft involved in the crash was originally ordered by
Braathens, but never operated by them and was quickly sold shortly
after delivery to Xiamen Airlines, who operated it from September
1992 to March 1993. The 737 was then operated by China
Southwest Airlines itself until the airline merged with Air China, Memorial
who operated the aircraft from 2003 until it was stored in March
2008 and was returned to Pinewatch Limited. Aeroflot-Nord then
leased the aircraft and had operated the airframe from 29 May 2008 until its hull loss.[18][19][20]

Crew
According to early claims of Aeroflot-Nord representatives, the crew was described as very experienced
and one of the best in the company. Captain Rodion Mikhailovich Medvedev (Russian: Родион
Михайлович Медведев; age 34) had a flight record of 3,689 hours (including 1,190 hours on the Boeing
737) while First Officer Rustem Rafailovich Allaberdin (Russian: Рустем Рафаилович Аллабердин; age
43) had 8,713 hours, though only 219 of them were on the Boeing 737. Later it was revealed that
Medvedev's flight record as a captain was 452 hours along with Allaberdin's low experience of piloting the
Boeing 737. For the most part of their careers, Medvedev and Allaberdin had piloted the Tupolev Tu-134
and Antonov An-2 respectively. Gennady Kurzenkov, head of the State Aviation Inspection Service, stated
that the flight crew submitted falsified documents to the airline showing that they had passed preflight
courses.[21][22][23]

Casualties

Nationality[6]: 9 Casualties

Russia 66

Azerbaijan 8

Ukraine 5
Belarus 1[24]
China 1[25]
France 2

Germany 1

Italy 1
Latvia 1[26]

Turkey 1
Uzbekistan 1

Total 88

Notable deaths
Gennady Troshev, Colonel General in the Russian military, formerly the commander of the
North Caucasus Military District (including Chechnya) during the Second Chechen War and
adviser to the President of Russia.[27]

Investigation
Russia's Air Accident Investigation Commission of the Interstate
Aviation Committee led the investigation, with US assistance from
the National Transportation Safety Board, the Federal Aviation
Administration, and Boeing.[28] As the aircraft was registered in
Bermuda, that government was represented by the UK's Air
Accidents Investigation Branch, with two senior inspectors sent to
participate under the Memorandum of Agreement. The AAIB team
had representatives from the Bermudian Department of Civil
Aviation as advisors.[29] The engines were made in France, so that Aerial view of the crash site of Flight
state was represented by the Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for 821
Civil Aviation Safety (BEA).[30]
According to the data in flight recorders, the engines
did not catch fire and continued working until the
impact. The latest official reports are published in
Russian on the Air Accident Investigation Commission
website. An English translation of the final report is Panorama of the crash site and the memorial.

available at the United Kingdom Air Accidents

Investigation Branch website; the AAIB states that it is
not an official English translation.[17]

The final investigation report stated the following reasons for the crash:[6][17][31][32]

The immediate cause of the accident was the loss of spatial orientation by the crew and
chiefly by the captain, who was piloting the aircraft during the landing phase. The plane
banked left, overturned and went into a rapid descent. The loss of spatial orientation
occurred in the night, while flying in the clouds, with autopilot and autothrottle switched off.
Poor crew resource management and insufficient training for using the Western type of
attitude indicators contributed to the accident. The pilots had previously flown Tupolev Tu-
134 and Antonov An-2 with a different type of attitude indicator (where the bank angle is
shown by the movements of an aircraft symbol, and the indicator's background does not turn
left or right).
Inadequate practices by Aeroflot-Nord in managing and operating the Boeing 737 aircraft.
The aircraft had been flown for a long time with a throttle problem. The pilots had a higher
workload because they had to operate the throttle levers for the left and right engines
independently.
Forensic examination found alcohol in the captain's tissue, with different sample groups
suggesting a blood alcohol level of either around 0.05% or around 0.11% abv.[6]: 67 [17] He
also did not have adequate rest before the flight.[6]

Lawsuit
On 1 October 2008, the mother of a 27-year-old female passenger who died in the accident sued Aeroflot
and Moskva Insurance Company for 7.7 million rubles (approximately US$300,000) in punitive
damages.[33]

ATC communications before the crash

A recording of the conversation between ATC and Flight 821 was published online. According to the final
investigation report, the captain, who was making the communications, was 'mildly intoxicated', and this
can be heard in the audio.

Irek Birbov, the air traffic controller on duty at the time of the accident, said that on final approach the
aircraft was too far right of the localizer. He advised the captain to change heading. Furthermore, instead of
descending to land, the plane then went up.

The controller requested Flight 821 to check the altitude: "According to my data, you are climbing. Confirm
current altitude 900 meters (3,000 ft)." The aircraft should have been at an altitude of 600 metres (2,000 ft)
at that time to descend further 300 metres (980 ft). The pilot replied "Roger, we are descending" and
initiated a climb to about 1200 m, at which point he could no longer catch the glideslope. The controller
instructed the pilot to turn right and go around. The captain acknowledged but failed to comply. Instead, he
turned left and asked to continue his approach. The controller asked whether everything was all right with
the crew; the pilots confirmed that it was.

The controller then insisted on a go-around, instructing them to switch to another ATC frequency. The
pilots, however, never contacted the other ATC and started to descend quickly. When they were at about
600 metres (2,000 ft), the controller radioed the plane to maintain 600 metres (2,000 ft). In response, the
pilots' final radio transmission was "Aaa (expletive)!" A moment later the controller saw an explosion.[34]

In popular culture
The accident was featured in the 19th season of the TV series Mayday. The episode is titled "Lethal
Limits".[35]

See also
Russia portal

Aviation portal

Adam Air Flight 574

Aero Flight 311
Crossair Flight 498
Flash Airlines Flight 604
Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501
Japan Air Lines Cargo Flight 1045
Trans-Colorado Airlines Flight 2286, an accident where a captain impaired by cocaine failed
to correct a first officer making multiple pilot errors.
Flydubai Flight 981, another Boeing 737 which crashed in Russia due to spatial
disorientation.
TAROM Flight 371, another accident involving asymmetrical thrust as well as a pilot
becoming confused with a Western style ADI.
Manx2 Flight 7100, another accident where pilots mishandled an engine power imbalance,
leading to a roll.

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13 January 2024

Further reading
Kaminski-Morrow, David. "Both recorders badly damaged in Aeroflot-Nord 737 crash (http://w
ww.flightglobal.com/news/articles/both-recorders-badly-damaged-in-aeroflot-nord-737-crash-
316018/)." Flight International. 15 September 2008.
Krainova, Natalya. "Jet Flight Recorders Damaged in Crash (http://www.themoscowtimes.co
m/news/article/jet-flight-recorders-damaged-in-crash/370958.html)." The Moscow Times. 16
September 2008. Issue 3989.

External links
Interstate Aviation Committee
Investigation (https://mak-iac.org/en/rassledovaniya/14-sentyabrya-boing-737-500-vp-bk
o/)
Final accident report (https://assets.digital.cabinet-office.gov.uk/media/54873c95e527
4a42900002c1/VP-BKO_Report_en.pdf) – Unofficial English translation – Hosted by
the Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) (Archive (https://web.archive.org/web/2
 0110601171816/http://www.aaib.gov.uk/cms_re External videos
sources.cfm?file=/VP-BKO_Report_en.pdf))
"Did This Flight Crew Have the
Investigation (https://mak-iac.org/rassledovaniya/boi
Training to Fly a Boeing 737?" (http
ng-737-500-vp-bko-14-09-2008/) (Archive (https://w
eb.archive.org/web/20110720091036/http://www.m s://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8vB
ak.ru/russian/investigations/2008/boeing-737-500.h LnAe48W4). Smithsonian Channel.
tml)) (in Russian) 19 January 2020.

Final report (http://mak-iac.org/upload/iblock/c2

d/vp-bko_report.pdf) (in Russian) (Archive (https://web.archive.org/web/20110601165
603/http://www.mak.ru/russian/investigations/2008/vp-bko_report.pdf)) – the Russian
version is the report of record.
Lenta.ru page listing passengers of the flight (http://www.lenta.ru/news/2008/09/14/list/spiso
k.htm) (Archive (https://web.archive.org/web/20080917234227/http://www.lenta.ru/news/200
8/09/14/list/spisok.htm))
Aeroflot news archive (http://www.aeroflot.ru/eng/about.aspx?ob_no=549) (Archive (https://w
eb.archive.org/web/20080918013942/http://www.aeroflot.ru/eng/about.aspx?ob_no=549))
Aeroflot page listing passengers of the flight (http://www.aeroflot.ru/eng/about.aspx?ob_no=5
49&d_no=11538) (Archive (https://web.archive.org/web/20080918155428/http://www.aeroflo
t.ru/eng/about.aspx?ob_no=549&d_no=11538))
(in Russian) АЭРОФЛОТ-НОРД ПРИНОСИТ ГЛУБОКИЕ СОБОЛЕЗНОВАНИЯ
РОДСТВЕННИКАМ ПОГИБШИХ (http://www.aeroflot-nord.ru/news/actual/?file=343110140
9200862)." [AEROFLOT-NORD BRINGS DEEP CONDOLENCIES TO THE RELATIVES
OF THE DEAD] Aeroflot Nord. 14 September 2008. – Aeroflot Nord press release about the
accident (Archive (https://web.archive.org/web/20080917150634/http://www.aeroflot-nord.ru/
news/actual/?file=3431101409200862))
ATC recording with english subtitles (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jadESsCIYhE) on
YouTube
CVR recording with english subtitles (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pcgtlpUXtgo&t=4s)
on YouTube
Mentour Pilot's analysis of this flight (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ylLjnLh_XA4) on
YouTube
Video showing the throttle problem of the aircraft involved in the accident, two days before
the crash (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgBYgBLTntw&t) on YouTube

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