Brake and brake fluid Lines •The typical brake system consists of disk brakes in front and either disk or drum brakes in the rear connected by a system of tubes and hoses that link the brake at each wheel to the master cylinder. Other systems that are connected with the brake system include the parking brakes, power brake booster and the anti-lock system. Brake and brake fluid Lines Operation of hydraulic brake Brake and brake fluid Lines Brake Fluid ◼ - Brake fluid is designed to function in the hydraulic brake system under all operating conditions, boiling point is one of the most critical aspects and ratings for brake fluid. ◼ As brake fluid ages, it absorbs moisture, which lowers its boiling point and causes increased corrosion of the brake system components. Brake and brake fluid Lines BRAKE FLUID Dry Wet SPECIFICATIONS boiling boiling ◼ All automotive brake fluid point point must meet the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) DOT- 205°C 140°C and the Department of 3 (401 °F) (284 °F) Transportation (DOT) have DOT- 230°C 155°C established brake fluid specification standards as 4 (446 °F) (311 °F) shown in the following chart. DOT- 260°C 180°C 5 (500 °F) (356 °F) DOT- 270°C 190°C 5.1 (518 °F) (374 °F) Brake and brake fluid Lines Master Cylinder A typical master cylinder is actually two completely separate master cylinders in one housing, each handling two wheels. This way if one side fails, you will still be able to stop the car Brake and brake fluid Lines ◼ The master cylinder converts the driver's pedal effort into hydraulic pressure. The hydraulic pressure is then applied to the disc brake calipers of the front and rear brakes, and to the wheel cylinders of the drum brakes. Brake and brake fluid Lines Parts of a master cylinder Brake and brake fluid Lines Power Brake Booster and Pedal ◼ Device to boost the force that acts on the master cylinder in accordance with the amount of pedal effort that is applied by the driver. Brake and brake fluid Lines Brake pedal
Play video Brake and brake fluid Lines Disk Brake The main components of a disk brake are the Brake Pads, Rotor, Caliper. Brake and brake fluid Lines Types of disc brake caliper ◼ Fixed caliper type
- A fixed caliper type has a pair of pistons to push
the disc brake rotor in the both sides. Brake and brake fluid Lines ◼ Floating caliper type - A floating caliper type is attached the piston only on one side of the caliper. Pistons act the hydraulic pressure. If the disc brake pad is pushed, the caliper slides into the opposite direction of the piston, and pushes the disc brake rotor from the both sides. Brake and brake fluid Lines Disc brake pad ◼ This is the friction material that is pushed against the rotating disc brake rotor.
1. Brake Pad 2. Squeal Shim
Watch video Brake and brake fluid Lines Disc brake rotor ◼ This is a metal disc that rotates together with the wheel. There is a solid type that is made from a single disc rotor, and a ventilated type that is hollow inside. ◼ There is also a parking drum brake type disc brake rotor. a. Solid type b. Ventilated type Replace brake pads c. With drum type Brake and brake fluid Lines Drum Brakes Drum brakes consist of a backing plate, brake shoes, brake drum, wheel cylinder, return springs and an automatic or self-adjusting system. When you apply the brakes, brake fluid is forced under pressure into the wheel cylinder, which in turn pushes the brake shoes into contact with the machined surface on the inside of the drum. When the pressure is released, return springs pull the shoes back to their rest position. Brake and brake fluid Lines Wheel Cylinder ◼ There is a piston, which the wheel cup is attached, in the cylinder. This piston transmits the hydraulic pressure to the brake shoe from the master cylinder, and presses against the brake lining. Brake and brake fluid Lines Brake shoe and lining Brake shoes consist of a steel shoe with the friction material or lining riveted or bonded to it. Also like disk pads, the linings eventually wear out and must be replaced. If the linings are allowed to wear through to the bare metal shoe, they will cause severe damage to the brake drum. Brake and brake fluid Lines Brake Drum Brake drums are made of iron and have a machined surface on the inside where the shoes make contact. Brake and brake fluid Lines Parts of a rear brake Brake and brake fluid Lines Proportioning Valve ◼ - This valve is placed between the master cylinder and the rear brakes. It distributes the hydraulic pressure appropriately to the front and rear wheels in order to provide a stable braking force. Brake and brake fluid Lines LSPV (Load Sensing Proportioning Valve) - This valve senses the load and increases the hydraulic pressure to the rear brakes if the load is heavy. Brake and brake fluid Lines Procedure in bleeding a hydraulic system: 1. Park the vehicle in a appropriate area. 2. Check the Brake fluid reservoir (refill if necessary and use appropriate brake fluid). 3. Pump the pedal for several times then step on steadily. 4. Loosen the bleeder valve (fluid will spit off with air bubbles) then tighten again and repeat step 3 until solid fluid is coming out on the bleeder valve. 5. Tighten the bleeder valve and check for any sign of leakage. Brake and brake fluid Lines Parking Brake ◼ Parking brakes are used mainly when the car is parked. They mechanically lock the rear wheels.
1. Parking Brake Lever
2. Parking Braking Cable 3. Rear Brakes Brake and brake fluid Lines Types of Parking Brakes
◼ Lever type ◼ Stick type ◼ Pedal type Brake and brake fluid Lines ABS (Anti-lock Brake System) ◼ The system uses a computer to monitor the speed of each wheel. When it detects that one or more wheels have stopped or are turning much slower than the remaining wheels, the computer sends a signal to momentarily remove and reapply or pulse the pressure to the affected wheels to allow them to continue turning. ◼ The system consists of an electronic control unit, a hydraulic actuator, and wheel speed sensors at each wheel. Brake and brake fluid Lines Major components: Brake and brake fluid Lines Wheel speed sensor - The wheel-speed sensors for the front and rear wheels are installed on the knuckles. These produce electrical pulses by monitoring the rotation of the sensor rotor installed on the wheel hub. Brake and brake fluid Lines Hydraulic unit - They are controlled by the control unit and operate the control pistons.
Note: The hydraulic
unit contains it’s own brake fluid for operation. Brake and brake fluid Lines Example: Brake and brake fluid Lines Different types of brake failures: 1. Lack of brake fluid.
