3rd Lecture Calculation

Introduction to
Nutrition & Diet Therapy

FOOD AND CALORIES
• Food – anything which when taken and digested
nourishes the body
• Calories- unit of energy in food. Derived from the food we

eat such as carbohydrates, protein, fats and drinks
consumed.
VARIABLES AFFECTING AN INDIVIDUAL’S
CALORIC NEEDS:
1. Age & Growth
- First 2 years of life, adolescence and pregnancy
requires more calories
2. Gender
- Men have higher Basal Metabolic Rate so they
require more calories
3. Sleep
- Less energy is required during sleep, metabolic rate
drops about 10-15%, thus, dinner is ideally the
lightest meal.
4. Climate
- Cold climate causes higher BMR. This is due to
increase thyroxine level in people who live in cold
climate. Thus, during cold climate, people need
more calories.
5. Activity
- Increased muscular activity increase BMR. Greater
energy expenditure requires more calories.
6. Fever & Illness
- Increases energy requirements because of increased
metabolic rate.
THE CALORIE
• Standard unit in measuring heat

• Unit of measurement for the energy that our body gets from
food.
• By-products when carbohydrates, protein, and fats are
oxidized in the body
NOTE: 1 kcalorie is the heat energy required to raise the
temperature of 1 kilogram (kg) of water to 1 degree
centigrade
1. FUEL FACTOR OF CARBOHYDRATE=
4 CALORIES PER GRAM
2. FUEL FACTOR OF PROTEIN=
4 CALORIES PER GRAM
3. FUEL FACTOR OF FAT=
9 CALORIES PER GRAM
Note: Food energy is measured in kilocalories
1,000 calories = 1 kcalorie
Caloric Content
Fat: 1 gram = 9 Calories
Protein: 1 gram = 4 Calories
Carbohydrates: 1 gram = 4 Calories
Alcohol: 1 gram = 7 Calories

*Bomb calorimeter- measures the total calorie
content (total energy) from food
* Joule- measure of energy in metric system
1 calorie (kilocalorie) = 4.184 joule (kilojoules)
Example:
1 cup of milk = 170 kcal
170 kcal x 4.184 kjoules = 711.28 kjoules
Compute in kjoules:
1 glass of orange juice = 290 kcal
How many kjoules? 1213.36kjoules
CALCULATION OF FOOD VALUE
• One cup of milk:
12 grams carbohydrates x 4 cal/gm = 48kcal
8 grams protein x 4 cal/gm = 32 kcal
10 grams fat x 9 cal/gm = 90 kcal
TOTAL =170 kcal
Calculate percentage of kcalories from FAT:

90 kcal/170 kcal = 0.529 or 0.53 x 100 = 53%
• Calculate percentage of kcalories from
• CARBOHYDRATES? 28% 48/170=0.28x100 = 28%
• PROTEIN? 18% = 32/170=0.19x100 = 19 %
DIETARY COMPUTATION
Body Mass Index
⚫It is the ratio of weight to height.
Basal Metabolism –the amount of energy required by an

individual in the resting state, for such functions as breathing
and circulation of the blood.
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) – the minimum caloric

requirement needed to sustain life in a resting individual. It can
be looked at as being the amount of energy (measured in
calories) expended by the body to remain in bed asleep all
day.
Factors that affect BMR
1.Genetics. Some people are born with faster metabolisms;

some with slower metabolisms.
2. Gender. Men have a greater muscle mass and a lower
body fat percentage. This means they have a higher basal
metabolic rate.
3. Age. BMR reduces with age. After 20 years, it drops
about 2 per cent, per decade.
4. Weight. The heavier your weight, the higher your BMR.
Example: the metabolic rate of obese women is 25 percent
higher than the metabolic rate of thin women.
5. Body Surface Area. This is a reflection of your
height and weight. The greater your Body Surface
Area factor, the higher your BMR.
BODY SIZE (Metabolic Rate increases as weight,
height & surface area increases)
6. Body Fat Percentage. The lower your body fat
percentage, the higher your BMR. The lower body
fat percentage in the male body is one reason why
men generally have a 10-15% faster BMR than
women.
7. Diet. Starvation or serious abrupt calorie-reduction can
dramatically reduce BMR by up to 30 percent. Restrictive low-
calorie weight loss diets may cause your BMR to drop as much as
20%.
8. Sleep – BMR falls 10-15% below waking levels.
9. Hormones– thyroxine (BMR regulator) and adrenaline

(epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine) increases BMR;
male sex hormones increase the BMR 10-15%
10. Fever – increase 7% for each degree rise the body

temperature above 98.6 F
OTHERS:
11. Habits
12. Pregnancy
13. Exercise
14. Drugs & Tobacco
15. Illness
COMPUTATION
1. BMR = Weight in lbs. X 10.9 (male)

9.8 (female)
Example : 125 lbs. Female
1kg=2.2lbs
Compute your individual BMR.

Weight= 47kg ; Height- 5’3”
2. Body Mass Index (BMI) = Is a measure of body fat
based on height and weight
BMI = weight (kg) = 47 kg = 47 kg

height in m2 (1.6002)2 2. 56
= 18. 35 (NORMAL)
Note: 1 ft=12 inches, 1 inch= 2.54 cm

100 cm= 1 meter
BMI
The formula is BMI = kg/m2 where kg is a person's weight

in kilograms and m2 is their height in metres squared
BMI LEVEL
⚫Obese = above 30
⚫Overweight = 25-29.9
⚫ Normal = 18.- 24.9
⚫Under weight = below 18
WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE
MALE – 94 cm.
FEMALE – 80 cm.
3. Desirable Body Weight =
( Ht. in cm – 100 ) – 10% )
1 in = 2.54 cm
Example: (1 ft=12 inches)
5‘3“ = (63 inches x 2.54)
= (160.02 – 100)
= (60.02- 6.002 [10%])
= 54 kg.
ACTIVITY LEVEL :
⚫Bed rest = 27.5 (hospital patients)
⚫Sedentary = 30 (secretary, clerk, typist
administrator, cashier, bank teller)
⚫Light = 35 ( teacher, nurse, student,
laboratory technician, housewife with maid)
⚫Moderate = 40 ( housewife w/o a maid,
vendor, mechanic, jeepney & car driver)
⚫Heavy = 45 ( farmer, laborer, cargador,
laborer, coal miner, fisherman, heavy
equipment operator)
4. Total Energy Requirement/TER =
DBW x activity level
Example:
5’3” female student
= 54 kg x 35 (moderately active)
= 1,890 Cal
Occupation/ FEMALE MALE
activity
kcal/lb kcal/kg kcal/lb kcal/kg
Bed patient 12 25 14 30
Light work 14 30 16 35
Moderate work 16 35 18 40
Heavy work 18 40 20 44
CONVERSION:
Height Weight
1 ft. = 12 inches 1 kg. = 2.21 lbs
1 inch = 2.54 cm
100 cm = 1 meter
How To Calculate Calorie Computation?
1. Identify your macronutrient breakdown

Example:
- 35% carbohydrates
- 35% protein
- 30% fat
2. Calculate calories from each macronutrients
Example:
- You are consuming 1,900 calories everyday
ANSWER:
Carbohydrates: 1900 x .35= 665 calories

Proteins: 1900 x .35= 665 calories
Fat: 1900x .30= 570 calories
How to compute for the grams of each nutrients?
⚫If there are 4 calories in 1 gram of carbohydrate and you need

to consume 665 calories of carbohydrate:
665 calories / 4 calories =166.25 grams
• If there are 4 calories in 1 gram of protein and you need to

consume 665 calories of protein:
⚫If there are 9 calories in 1 gram of fat and you need to

consume 570 calories of fat:

3rd Lecture Calculation

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

3rd Lecture Calculation

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

3rd Lecture Calculation

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Introduction to

Nutrition & Diet Therapy

• Calories- unit of energy in food. Derived from the food we

• Standard unit in measuring heat

Fat: 1 gram = 9 Calories

Protein: 1 gram = 4 Calories

Carbohydrates: 1 gram = 4 Calories

Alcohol: 1 gram = 7 Calories

Calculate percentage of kcalories from FAT:

Basal Metabolism –the amount of energy required by an

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) – the minimum caloric

1.Genetics. Some people are born with faster metabolisms;

8. Sleep – BMR falls 10-15% below waking levels.

9. Hormones– thyroxine (BMR regulator) and adrenaline

10. Fever – increase 7% for each degree rise the body

1. BMR = Weight in lbs. X 10.9 (male)

Compute your individual BMR.

BMI = weight (kg) = 47 kg = 47 kg

Note: 1 ft=12 inches, 1 inch= 2.54 cm

The formula is BMI = kg/m2 where kg is a person's weight

1. Identify your macronutrient breakdown

Carbohydrates: 1900 x .35= 665 calories

⚫If there are 4 calories in 1 gram of carbohydrate and you need

• If there are 4 calories in 1 gram of protein and you need to

⚫If there are 9 calories in 1 gram of fat and you need to

You might also like