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    HW 3

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    HW 3

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    HW 3

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    of 4

    Mech 6074: Quality Control

    4.2) (a) Z0 = 2.50

    From Appendix II, (Z0) = (2.50) = 0.99379


    For a one-sided, upper-tail test: P = 1 − (Z0) = 1 – 0.99379 = 0.00621

    (b) Z0 = 1.95

    From Appendix II, (Z0) = (1.95) = 0.97441


    For a one-sided, upper-tail test: P = 1 − (Z0) = 1 – 0. 97441 = 0.2559

    (c) Z0 = 2.05

    From Appendix II, (Z0) = (2.05) = 0.97982


    For a one-sided, upper-tail test: P = 1 − (Z0) = 1 – 0. 97982 = 0.02018

    (d) Z0 = 2.36

    From Appendix II, (Z0) = (2.36) = 0.99086


    For a one-sided, upper-tail test: P = 1 − (Z0) = 1 – 0. 99086 = 0.00914

    4.5) a) Since  is known, use the standard normal distribution:


    x ~ N(, ), n = 15, = 8.2535 cm,  = 0.002 cm, 0 = 8.25,  = 0.05
    Test H0:  = 8.25 vs. H1:   8.25. Reject H0 if |Z0|>Z/2.

    Z/2 = Z0.05/2 = Z0.025 = 1.96


    Reject H0:  = 8.25, and conclude that the mean bearing ID is not equal to 8.25 cm.

    (b) P-value = 2[1  (Z0)] = 2[1  (6.78)] = 2[1  1.00000] = 0

    (c)

    4.8) a)
    x ~ N(, ), n = 10, = 13.39618  1000 Å, s = 0.00391, 0 = 13.4  1000 Å,  = 0.05
    Test H0:  = 13.4 vs. H1:   13.4. Reject H0 if |t0|>t/2.

    (Equation 4.33)
    t/2, n1 = t0.025, 9 = 2.262 (from Appendix IV)
    Reject H0:  = 13.4, and conclude that the mean thickness differs from 13.4  1000 Å.

    b)
    4.9) n = ( Z_(α/2) × σ / (W/2) )^2
    n = ( 1.96 × 4 / 1/2 )^2 = ( 7.84 / 0.5 )^2 = (15.68)^2 = 245.47

    Therefore, the required sample size is approximately:


    n ≈ 246

    4.11) a)
    Test H0: 1  2 = 0 vs. H1: 1  2  0. Reject H0 if |t0|>t/2, n1+n2-2.

    t/2, n1+n2-2 = t0.025, 13 = 2.160


    Do not reject H0, and conclude that there is not sufficient evidence of a difference between
    measurements obtained by the two technicians.

    b) The practical implication of this test is that any technician can measure the parts, as the readings
    will be consistent. If the null hypothesis had been rejected, it would indicate differences in
    measurements, warranting an investigation to determine the cause.

    c)
    n1 = 7, = 1.383, s1 = 0.115; n2 = 8, = 1.376, s2 = 0.125, sP = 0.120
     = 0.05, t/2, n1+n22 = t0.025, 13 = 2.160

    d)

    Do not reject H0

    e)
    f)

    g) Normality assumption seems reasonable for both of these readings

    4.12) a) Given: n=500, nonconforming=65, p₀=0.08, α=0.05 Sample proportion p̂ =65/500=0.13 z = (0.13-
    0.08)/√[0.08(0.92)/500] = 4.12 Since 4.12 > 1.96 (critical value), reject H₀

    b) P-value < 0.0001

    c) 95% Upper CI = 0.13 + 1.645√[0.13(0.87)/500] = 0.1547

    4.13) (a) To test if the variances are equal, we use the F-test:
    F = s1^2 / s2^2 = 6.79 / 6.79 = 1
    Critical F-value (α=0.05, df1=9, df2=7) ≈ 3.68
    Since F < F-critical, we fail to reject the null hypothesis. We can conclude that the variances are
    equal at α=0.05.

    (b) To test if the mean impurity has decreased, use a two-sample t-test:
    t = (x̄ 1 - x̄ 2) / sqrt(sp^2 * (1/n1 + 1/n2))
    where sp^2 = ((n1-1)s1^2 + (n2-1)s2^2) / (n1+n2-2)
    Calculate t-statistic and compare to t-critical (α=0.05, df=16).
    If t > t-critical, conclude that the new purification device has reduced the mean percentage of
    impurity.

    4.14) H0: 1  2 =  5 versus H1: 1  2 <  5.

    Reject H0 if Z0 <  Z .

    0 = 5 Z = Z0.05 = 1.645


    (Z0 = 0.4714) > 1.645, so do not reject H0.

    The mean strength of Design 2 does not exceed Design 1 by 5 psi.

    P-value = (Z0) = (0.4714) = 0.3187

    4.35) a) t₀ = 2.30
    Checking t table: t₀.025 = 2.048 and t₀.01 = 2.763
    Since 2.048 < 2.30 < 2.763
    0.01 < P-value < 0.025

    b) t₀ = 3.41
    Checking t table: t₀.005 = 2.763 and t₀.0005 = 3.674
    Since 2.763 < 3.41 < 3.674
    0.0005 < P-value < 0.005

    c) t₀ = 1.08
    Checking t table: t₀.2 = 1.313 and t₀.1 = 1.701
    Since 1.08 < 1.313
    0.2 < P-value

    d) t₀ = 1.55
    Checking t table: t₀.1 = 1.313 and t₀.05 = 1.701
    Since 1.313 < 1.55 < 1.701
    0.05 < P-value < 0.1

    4.42) For a t-distribution with 19 degrees of freedom:


    t₀.05 (for α = 0.10) ≈ 1.729
    t₀.025 (for α = 0.05) ≈ 2.093
    t₀.01 (for α = 0.02) ≈ 2.539

    Since 2.04 falls between 1.729 and 2.093:


    The P-value is between 0.025 and 0.05 for a two-tailed test. Correct Option is b).

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