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Class 8 - Effective History & Civics Solutions
The American Civil War

History — Chapter 4
The American Civil War
Class 8 - Effective History & Civics Solutions

Name the following

Question 1
The two houses of the US Congress.

Answer

(a) Senate (Upper House) (b) House of Representatives

Question 2
Two candidates who stood for the US Presidential election in 1860.

Answer

(a) Abraham Lincoln (b) Stephen Arnold Douglas

Question 3
Two southern states which seceded from the federation

Answer

(a) Florida (b) Alabama

Fill in the blanks

Question 1
The southern states wanted to have tax-free trade with Britain

Question 2
The abolitionists advocated the repeal of Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.

Question 3
Uncle Tom's Cabin, was written by Harriet Beecher Stowe.

Question 4
The Confederate States elected Jefferson Davis as their President.
Question 5
By January 1, 1863, Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery in the areas still in rebellion against the USA.

Match the following

Question 1
Match the following:

Sl. No.Column AColumn B

1Southern StatesFreedom and Democracy.
2Northern StatesEngland recognised the independence of 13 American colonies.
3Fort SumterThe place attacked by the Confederates in 1861.
4Gettysburg AddressPlantation Economy.
5Treaty of ParisIndustrialised Economy.
Answer

Sl. No.Column AColumn B

1Southern StatesPlantation Economy.
2Northern StatesIndustrialised Economy.
3Fort SumterThe place attacked by the Confederates in 1861.
4Gettysburg AddressFreedom and Democracy.
5Treaty of ParisEngland recognised the independence of 13 American colonies.
Answer the following
Question 1
Distinguish between free states and slave states in the 19th century in the USA.

Answer

The States where slavery was abolished were known as Free States while the States were Slavery was legal were
known as Slave States. The Northern States were free states while Southern States were slave states.

Question 2
What were the main issues that caused a division between the southern and northern states of the USA?

Answer

Following were the main issues that caused a division between the southern and northern states of the USA:

Difference in Economic Structure of the Northern and Southern States — The Northern States were industrialised
with developed infrastructure. Hence, the Northern states wanted to impose tariffs on imported goods to protect their
industries from foreign competition. On the other hand, Southern States were primarily agricultural with huge
plantations. Hence, they wanted tax-free trade with Britain to get cheap manufactured goods in exchange for raw
cotton. This economic disparity between the North and the South created friction between the two.
Problem of Slavery — Slavery was abolished in the Northern States and they became free states. This was resented by
the Southern States whose economy depended on slave labour.
Territorial Expansion — As the population of existing colonies increased, new colonies were explored in the western
regions of North America. These newly settled colonies were absorbed into the USA as new states. The Northern
States wanted these new states to be free states whereas the Southern states wanted them to be slave states.
Fear of Republican control — In 1860 Presidential elections, Abraham Lincoln as Republican candidate stood for
freedom and emancipation of slaves while Stephen Arnold Douglas, the democratic candidate wanted slavery to
continue. The Southerners fearing Lincoln's win decided to quit the Union. The Seven Southern states, namely South
Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas declared their secession from the Union and
established a Southern government, the Confederate States of America on February 9, 1861 and elected Jefferson
Davis as its President.
Question 3
With reference to the problem of slavery in the USA, answer the following question:

(a) What was the role of slaves in the US economy?

(b) When and under which circumstances was slavery abolished in the USA?

Answer

(a) The southern states were primarily agricultural with huge plantations. Thousands of slaves worked in cotton,
sugarcane and tobacco plantations. Slaves acted as cheap, convenient and efficient tools for development of the large
growing plantations. The slaves had no rights and were not paid wages for their labour. Slaves were bought and sold
like a commodity by their masters, treated badly and were made to live in unhygienic conditions. The Economy of
Southern States, thus depended on slave labour.

(b) In Sept. 1862, Lincoln issued the Proclamation of Emancipation declaring that if any State continued to rebel till
January 1, 1863, it would be presumed that the slaves living in that state were automatically free and their masters had
no right over them. Thus, by this Proclamation Lincoln abolished slavery in the areas still in rebellion against the
federal government bringing an end to slavery in the USA.

Question 4
Why did the southerners fear the Republican control over the US government as a threat?

Answer

In the Presidential election of 1860, Abraham Lincoln contested as a candidate of the Republicans, and Stephen
Arnold Douglas stood as a Democratic candidate. Abraham Lincoln stood for the freedom and emancipation of slaves,
while Douglas wanted slavery to continue. The southerners feared that if Lincoln became the President, he would keep
his promise to stop the expansion of slavery. Many southerners thought that even if Lincoln did not abolish slavery,
northerners would do so and therefore it was time to quit the Union.

Question 5
Discuss the role of Abraham Lincoln in the abolition of slavery in the USA.

Answer

Abraham Lincoln's greatest contribution to humanity was the abolition of slavery. In 1862, by his Emancipation
Proclamation, he freed all the slaves and set forth an example for other countries to do so. After the Civil War, the
citizens of all the states of USA were granted citizenship of the USA and were given equal rights, ensuring life, liberty
and property.

Question 6
Explain the significance of the American Civil War.

Answer

The significance of the American Civil War can be summarised as follows:

The war put an end to the institution of slavery which had estranged relations between the northern and the southern
states of America.
The war abolished from American politics, the idea of state sovereignty and secession for all times to come. The war
welded the people of the USA into a strong nation.
War enhanced the growth of large scale manufacturing industries. New lands were brought under cultivation during
the war. Further, due to shortage of labour in these lands, the farmers were compelled to use machines which resulted
in reduced labour cost and increased production.
The war led to the regulation of the Banking system in the USA. In 1863, the Congress passed the National Banking
Act to provide stimulus to the sale of war bonds. It provided great impetus to paper currency and contributed to the
growth of nationwide business.
The war led to the introduction of a number of new weapons like quick loading rifles, armoured ships, submarines,
etc. Rail roads and telegraphs were used for the first time as communication system of warfare.
The war inspired other countries of the world to abolish the inhuman practice of slavery and slave trade.
Question 7
What is the importance of the Emancipation Proclamation?

Answer

In Sept. 1862, Lincoln issued the Proclamation of Emancipation declaring that if any State continued to rebel till
January 1, 1863, it would be presumed that the slaves living in that state were automatically free and their masters had
no right over them. Thus, by this Proclamation, Lincoln abolished slavery in the areas still in rebellion against the
federal government. The Emancipation Proclamation freed all the slaves and set forth an example for other countries
to do so.

Question 8
Give any two points of importance in Lincoln's Gettysburg Address.

Answer

Two points of importance in Lincoln's Gettysburg Address were:

In this address, Lincoln set before the nation, the task of preserving and upholding the Union dedicated to freedom and
democracy.
He gave us the famous principle of democracy i.e., the government of the people, by the people, for the people.
Question 9
How did Lincoln establish the concept of democracy and the unity of America?
Answer

Lincoln played a great role in keeping the Nation unified. He strongly advocated the integrity of the USA and refused
to give the southern states the right to secede from the union. During his inaugural address, he declared that no state
had the right to secede after joining the Union. He also gave the famous principle of democracy, i.e., the government
of the people, by the people and for the people.

Picture Study
Question 1
Study the picture and answer the following questions:

(a) Name the event depicted in this picture.

(b) What is the significance of this event in American history?

(c) Explain briefly the role of the person in the picture (sitting on the left) in abolishing the institution of slavery in the
USA.

Answer

(a) In the given picture Abraham Lincoln is signing the Emancipation Proclamation.

(b) The significance of this event in American history lies in the fact that it freed all the slaves and thus abolished
slavery from all the parts of the USA.

(c) Abraham Lincoln's greatest contribution to humanity was the abolition of slavery. In 1862, by his Emancipation
Proclamation, he freed all the slaves and set forth an example for other countries to do so. After the Civil War, the
citizens of all the states of USA were granted citizenship of the USA and were given equal rights, ensuring life, liberty
and property."