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1 A scientist heats a sample of a liquid. The scientist measures the temperature of the sample and
plots a graph of the temperature against time.

Z
temperature
/ qC X Y
W

time / s

Which statements are correct?

1 Between points W and X, the temperature increases and the particles move faster.
2 Between points X and Y, there is no change in the temperature because energy is
needed to change a liquid into a gas.
3 Between points Y and Z, the particles move further apart.

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 only

2 A sample of substance X contains iron and sulfur only.

[Ar: Fe, 56; S, 32]

In which row is it possible for both statements about X to be correct?

statement 1 statement 2
A X is a mixture with the ratio X is a compound with the ratio
4 : 7 by mass of iron and sulfur 4 : 7 by mass of iron and sulfur
B X is a mixture with the ratio X is a compound with the ratio
7 : 4 by mass of iron and sulfur 7 : 4 by mass of iron and sulfur
C X is a mixture X is a compound
with the formula FeS with the formula FeS
D X is a mixture X is a compound
with the formula FeSO4 with the formula FeSO4

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3 A chlorine atom, Z, has a nucleon number of 37.

Which row is correct?

number of
number of
electrons in the
neutrons in Z
second shell of Z

A 17 7
B 17 8
C 20 7
D 20 8

4 Which particles are isotopes of the same element?

particle electrons neutrons protons

W 22 28 25
X 23 28 25
Y 26 30 26
Z 26 28 26

A W and X B W and Z C X and Z D Y and Z

5 Statements about graphite and silicon(IV) oxide, SiO2, are given.

Which statement is correct?

A Silicon(IV) oxide is found as an impurity in iron ore.

B The angles between the atoms in silicon(IV) oxide and graphite are the same.

C The melting points of silicon(IV) oxide and graphite are high because ionic bonds are
stronger than covalent bonds.
D When graphite acts as a lubricant, the covalent bonds between the layers are broken.

6 Statements about empirical and molecular formulae are given.

Which statement is correct?

A The empirical and molecular formulae of a compound are always different.

B The empirical formulae of ethyne, C2H2, and of benzene, C6H6, are the same.
C The molecular formula always shows the simplest whole-number ratio of the different atoms
or ions in a compound.
D The empirical formula always shows the numbers and types of different atoms in one
molecule of a compound.

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7 What is the relative formula mass, Mr, of aluminium oxide?

A 43 B 75 C 102 D 113

8 How many ions are there in 16.0 g of anhydrous copper sulfate?

A 1.20  1023

B 3.61  1023

C 1.20  1024

D 3.61  1024

9 Which sample contains the most atoms?

A 0.5 mol of water

B 1.0 mol of carbon dioxide
C 1.0 mol of methane
D 2.0 mol of hydrogen chloride

10 The reactions shown all produce hydrogen.

Which reaction produces the greatest volume of hydrogen, measured at room temperature and
pressure?

A 1.4 g carbon reacts with excess steam.

C(s) + H2O(g)  H2(g) + CO(g)

B 2.4 g calcium hydride, CaH2, reacts with excess water.

CaH2(s) + 2H2O(l)  Ca(OH)2(aq) + 2H2(g)

C 4.0 g calcium reacts with excess dilute hydrochloric acid.

Ca(s) + 2HCl (aq)  CaCl 2(aq) + H2(g)

D 50 cm3 of 2.0 mol / dm3 sulfuric acid reacts with excess zinc.

Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq)  ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g)

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11 Four solutions of NaOH are made by dissolving solid NaOH in distilled water.

Which method makes a solution with a concentration of 0.10 mol / dm3?

[Mr: NaOH, 40]

A 1.6 g of NaOH(s) to make 400 cm3 of solution

B 3.2 g of NaOH(s) to make 250 cm3 of solution
C 4.0 g of NaOH(s) to make 100 cm3 of solution
D 8.0 g of NaOH(s) to make 500 cm3 of solution

12 Which row shows the substances that can be electrolysed?

aqueous molten
copper graphite
sodium chloride lead(II) bromide

A    
B    
C    
D    

13 The apparatus shown is set up to electroplate a steel key with copper.

+ –

copper

stee
key aqueous

copper(II) su
fate

The key does not get coated with copper.

Which change needs to be made to electroplate the key?

A increase the concentration of the aqueous copper(II) sulfate

B increase the electric current

C replace the solution with dilute sulfuric acid
D reverse the electrical connections

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14 Ammonium nitrate dissolves in water.

H2O
NH4NO3(s) NH4NO3(aq) ∆H = +25 kJ / mol

Which statements are correct?

1 The process is endothermic.

2 The water gets colder during the process.
3 Thermal energy is absorbed by the ammonium nitrate from the water.

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

15 Hydrogen reacts with oxygen to produce water.

H–H H–O–H
+ O=O 
H–H H–O–H

Some bond energies are shown.

bond energy
bond
in kJ / mol

H–H 436
O–O 146
O=O 496
O–H 463

Using the data in the table, what is the enthalpy change of reaction?

A –920 kJ / mol
B –834 kJ / mol
C –484 kJ / mol
D +442 kJ / mol

16 Silicon(IV) chloride, SiCl 4, boils at 58 C.

Which row shows the type of change when silicon(IV) chloride boils and the explanation?

type of change explanation

A chemical intermolecular forces break

B chemical Si–Cl covalent bonds break
C physical intermolecular forces break
D physical Si–Cl covalent bonds break

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17 A 2 g sample of calcium carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid as shown.

CaCO3(s) + 2HCl (aq)  CaCl 2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

Which change in conditions makes the reaction proceed more slowly?

A increasing the acid concentration

B increasing the size of the solid particles
C increasing the surface area of the solid particles
D increasing the temperature

18 Excess aluminium reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.

2Al + 6HCl  3H2 + 2Al Cl 3

The hydrogen given off is collected in a gas syringe. The total volume of hydrogen in the gas
syringe is recorded every two minutes. The results of this experiment are shown.

total volume
time / min
/ cm3

0 0
2 3
4 53
6 103
8 131
10 141
12 143
14 143

Which statement is correct?

A The mass of aluminium added is 0.107 g.

B The mass of aluminium added cannot be determined from the information given.
C The highest rate of reaction is 71.5 cm3 / min.
D The highest rate of reaction is when the acid concentration is highest.

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19 157.75 g of bismuth(III) chloride, BiCl 3, is used to make 500 cm3 of solution using distilled water.

The aqueous bismuth(III) chloride slowly becomes cloudy as it reacts with water to form insoluble
BiOCl.

The reaction is reversible.

BiCl 3(aq) + H2O(l) BiOCl (s) + 2HCl (aq)

Which statements are correct?

1 The initial concentration of the bismuth(III) chloride solution is 1.0 mol / dm3.

2 At equilibrium, the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse
reaction.
3 When more hydrochloric acid is added, the position of equilibrium moves to the left.

[Ar: Bi, 209; Cl, 35.5]

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

20 The flow chart shows some of the processes and reactions in the formation of ammonia.

air substance 2

ammonia
process X
substance 1 hydrogen

What are the names of process X, substance 1 and substance 2?

process X substance 1 substance 2

A cracking long-chain alkanes nitrogen

B cracking long-chain alkenes oxygen
C fractional distillation long-chain alkanes nitrogen
D fractional distillation long-chain alkenes oxygen

21 Many reactions involve oxidation and reduction.

Which statement is correct?

A Acidified manganate(VII) ions change colour from colourless to purple when reduced.

B All reactions that involve oxidation also involve reduction.

C During a reaction, oxidising agents lose electrons.
D Reduction is the loss of hydrogen from a compound.

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22 The equation for a reaction is shown.

Cl 2 + 2KBr  2KCl + Br2

Which statement about this reaction is correct?

A Bromide ions are the oxidising agent.

B Bromine is the reducing agent.
C Chloride ions are the reducing agent.
D Chlorine is the oxidising agent.

23 Which row describes both the pH and the ion with the greatest concentration in an aqueous
alkali?

H+ or OH– ion with

pH
greatest concentration

A greater than 7 H+
B greater than 7 OH–
C less than 7 H+
D less than 7 OH–

24 The water in a lake is acidic and the fish are dying. The water in the lake needs to be neutralised
so that its pH is close to 7.

Which compound is added in excess to neutralise the water in the lake?

A calcium carbonate
B phosphoric acid
C potassium hydroxide
D sodium nitrate

25 Which pair of reagents is used in a school laboratory to prepare a sample of pure barium sulfate?

A barium carbonate and dilute sulfuric acid

B barium carbonate and sodium sulfate
C barium chloride and sodium sulfate
D barium hydroxide and concentrated sulfuric acid

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26 The total number of electrons in one atom of element Q is 17 and in one atom of element R is 19.

Which statement about elements Q and R is correct?

A Q and R react together to form a covalent compound.

B Q forms positive ions.
C R has more outer shell electrons than Q.
D R is more metallic than Q.

27 Which statements about the Group VIII noble gases are correct?

1 They are unreactive.

2 They all have a full outer shell of electrons.
3 They are all diatomic gases at room temperature and pressure.

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

28 Iron has a high melting point.

Which statement explains the high melting point of iron?

A Each iron cation has a strong electrostatic attraction to a ‘sea’ of delocalised electrons.
B In every iron atom there is a strong attraction between the protons and the electrons.
C Iron has the same structure as diamond which has a very high melting point.
D Iron is an alloy and alloys have different physical properties from the elements they contain.

29 Which statement about alloys is correct?

A Alloys are not electrical or thermal conductors.

B Alloys are softer than pure metals because the layers in the alloy slip over each other more
easily.
C Brass is a mixture of copper with small amounts of chromium, nickel and carbon.
D The percentage of each metal in an alloy may vary.

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30 The table shows the reactions of four metals, P, Q, R and S, and their oxides.

reaction with reaction of oxide

reaction with water
dilute acid with carbon

P reacts only with steam reacts rapidly no reaction

Q no reaction reacts slowly reacts when heated strongly
R no reaction no reaction reacts when heated
S reacts rapidly reacts rapidly no reaction

What is the order of reactivity, from the most reactive to the least reactive metal?

A P>S>Q>R
B P>S>R>Q
C S>P>Q>R
D S>P>R>Q

31 Which reactions take place during the extraction of aluminium from aluminium oxide using carbon
electrodes?

1 2O2–  O2 + 4e–

2 C + O2  CO2

3 Al 2+ + 2e–  Al

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 only D 2 and 3 only

32 NPK fertilisers are used to improve plant growth.

A solid NPK fertiliser has the properties listed:

● water soluble
● has an aqueous solution with pH 7.

Which substances are mixed to make a solid NPK fertiliser?

A ammonium nitrate, potassium sulfate and phosphorus oxide

B ammonium phosphate and potassium hydroxide
C ammonium sulfate, calcium nitrate and sodium phosphate
D potassium nitrate and sodium phosphate

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33 Alkanes are saturated compounds containing carbon and hydrogen only.

Structures 1, 2, 3 and 4 are saturated hydrocarbons.

1 2
H

H C H H H H H H
H H H H H C C C C C H
H C C C C C H H H H H
H H H H H C H
H C H H
H

3 4
H
H H
H H H C H
C C H H H
H H
C C H C C C C H
H H
C C H H H
H H
H H H C H

Which pair of structures are isomers?

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4

34 Which statement is correct?

A Any compound that contains both hydrogen and carbon is a hydrocarbon.

B Petroleum is a compound formed from many different hydrocarbons.
C The boiling points of hydrocarbons increase when the chain length increases.
D The naphtha fraction obtained from petroleum is used for making roads.

35 Compound Q is a hydrocarbon that has no structural isomers.

Compound Q does not decolourise bromine in the dark.

Which compound is Q?

A C3H6 B C3H8 C C4H8 D C4H10

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36 Which equations represent the reactions of alkanes?

1 CH4 + Cl 2  CH2Cl 2 + H2

2 2C2H6 + 5O2  4CO + 6H2O

3 C3H8 + HCl  C3H7Cl + H2

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 2 only

37 Ethanol is produced using either ethene or glucose as the starting material.

Which row is correct?

starting material conditions

A ethene catalytic addition of steam at 300 C and 6000 kPa

B ethene catalytic addition of steam at 30 C and 60 000 kPa
C glucose 135 C in the presence of yeast and absence of oxygen
D glucose 35 C in the presence of yeast and oxygen

38 The diagram shows four pieces of apparatus that are used to measure the volume of liquid.

Which piece of apparatus is always filled to the same level?

A B C D

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39 The chromatogram shown is produced using a spot of black ink placed at point X.

chromatography paper
20
18 solvent front
16
14
12
10
8 M
6 baseline
4 X
2 solvent
0

Spot M is produced by a blue dye in the ink.

What is the Rf value of this blue dye?

A 0.22 B 0.25 C 0.33 D 0.43

40 The table shows the results of a series of tests with two substances, X and Y.

test result with X result with Y

dilute nitric acid added no reaction no reaction
then aqueous white precipitate no precipitate
silver nitrate added
aqueous sodium white precipitate, no precipitate
hydroxide added insoluble in excess
then aluminium foil no gas produced ammonia produced
added; warmed gently
flame test orange-red flame yellow flame

Which row shows the identities of the ions present in X and Y?

X Y

A Ca2+ and Br – Na+ and NO3–

B Ca2+ and Cl – Na+ and I–
C Ca2+ and Cl – Li+ and NO3–
D Ca2+ and Cl – Na+ and NO3–

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