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Lecture - 3 - Image - Processing - Toolbox - IPT - Matlab

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6 views

Lecture - 3 - Image - Processing - Toolbox - IPT - Matlab

Uploaded by

om55500r
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Dr.

Qadri Hamarsheh

Outline of the Lecture


 Image Processing Toolbox (IPT--Matlab).
 Reading Images.
 Displaying Images

Image Processing Toolbox (IPT)


(Matlab)
• IPT is a collection of functions that extend the capability of the Matlab numeric
computing environment and support a wide range of image processing including:
o Spatial image transformation.
o Morphological operations.
o Neighborhood and block operations
o Linear filtering
filtering and filter design.
o Transform.
o Image enhancement and analysis.
o Deblurring.
o Region of interest operations.
operations.
Coordinate Conventions:
• The result of sampling and quantization is a matrix of real numbers;
numbers two ways are
used to represent the digital image:
o First convention: this convention is frequently used in image processing
books, in which,
 The image origin is defined to be at ,  = 0,0, the next coordinate value along
the first row of the image is ,  = 0,1.
  ranges from 0 to − 1 and  ranges from 0 to − 1 in integer increment.
o Second convention: this convention is used in IPT Matlab toolbox, the
notation  ,  to indicate rows and columns.
 The origin of the coordinate system is at  ,  = 1,1.
 ranges from 1 to and ranges from 1 to in integer increment.
• IPT documentation refers to the coordinates as pixel coordinates or spatial coordinates.
Matrix notation of the digital image:
• Representations of digital image functions:
1. Image processing books matrix representation.
representation.
0,0 0,1 … 0, − 1
 
 1,0 1,1 … 1, − 1 
,  =  … … … … 
 … … … … 
 − 1,0  − 1,1 …  − 1, − 1

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Dr. Qadri Hamarsheh

2. Matlab matrix representation


 1
1,1 1,2 … 1, 
 
 1 2, 
2,1 2,2 …
 ,  =  … … … … 
 … … … … 
  , 1  , 2 …  ,  
• The two representations are equal except for the shift in origin.
• The notation ,  denotes the element located in row  and column .

• 1  matrix is called a row vector
vector.
•  1 matrix is called a column vector
vector.
• 1  1 matrix is scalar.
Dr. Qadri Hamarsheh
Reading Images
• To read an image, use the imread command, whose syntax is:
I = imread ('filename')
• This command reads and stores the image in an array I.
'filename'- string containing the complete name (path) of the image file including
extension.
Example:
>> f= imread('chestxray.jpg');
reads the jpg image “chestxray’ into image array.
>> I= imread(pout.tif');
reads and stores the image in an array I.
whos command:
• whos command is used to get information about variable in the workspace.
>> whos

Name Size Bytes Class Attributes


I 291x240 69840 uint8 ---------

size command:
• Function size gives the row and column dimensions of an image:
>> size(f);
ans =
1024 1024
>> [M , N] = size(f);
• This syntax returns the number of rows (M) and the number of columns (N) in the image.
• The following table summarizes some ways to get information about an image. These are
not specific to the Image Processing Toolbox.
Command Description
whos To get information about size, type, and bytes, of all variables.
whos I For information about an image stored in I.
size(I) To get the size of the image stored in I.
class(I) To get type of data stored in I

Displaying Images
• To display an image, the imshow
imshow function is used, which has the basic syntax:
a) imshow
imshow (f,G)
f- an image, G- the number of intensity levels used to display the image, if G is omitted, it
defaults to 256 levels.
b) imshow
imshow (f, [low high])
 Displays as black all values less than or equal to low.
 Displays as white all values greater than or equal to high.
 The values in between are displayed using the default number of levels.
c) imshow
imshow (f ,[ ])

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Dr. Qadri Hamarsheh
 Sets variable low to the minimum value of array f and high to its maximum value.
This form is useful for images with low dynamic range.

pixval command :
• Pixval is used to display the intensity values of individual pixel interactively: Moving
the cursor, the coordinates of the cursor position and the corresponding intensity values
are shown.
• Pixval displays Red, Green, blue components, when the image is color.
• If the left button on the mouse is clicked and then held pressed, pixval displays the
Euclidean distance between the initial and current cursor location, the syntax is:
pixval
Example 1
>> f = imread ('rose_512.tif'); % read from disk an image
>> whos f % extract basic information about the image
>> imshow (f) % display the image.
• If another image, g, is displayed using imshow, Matlab replaces the image in the screen
with the new image.
>> figure, imshow (g) % keep the first image and
%output a second image.
>> imshow (f), imshow (g) % display both images
Example 2
• Suppose that we read an image h and find that using imshow (h) produces the image
that has a low dynamic range, to correct:
>> Imshow (h, [ ]) % improve the image h.
• There are a series of photos that come as part of the image processing toolkit. To get the
list of images and credits, you can type:
>> help imdemos
• If you want to view any of these photos, you can use the imshow, which opens a
separate window displaying the image. For instance:
>> imshow('football.jpg');
>> imshow('coins.png');
>> imshow('autumn.tif');
>> imshow('board.tif');

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