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ITPF REVIEWER
1 UNIT 1 BUT LIKE IM IN A RUSH VERSION
Java was created in 1995, by James Gosling, while he was working at Sun Microsystems First public release was in 1996.
Java is now currently held by Oracle.
Procedural Programs – Focuses on functions and does it in an ordered way to
operate data. Object Oriented Programs/OOPs – Organizes code around objects, which combine data and methods.
Object/s – Is an instance of a class, representing a specific entity with its own state and behavior in a program
Class – Is a blueprint that defines the structure and behavior of (attribute and methods) of objects.
Method – IS a function defined within a class that describes the behaviors or
actions an object can perform.
Attribute – are the data or properties associated with a class, defining the state or characteristics of objects are created from that class(?) that’s what my notes say LMAO
Instance Variable – is a variable defined in a class for which each object of the class has its own unique copy, representing the object’s state.
Approach in Object oriented programming:
OOP/s access modifiers are introduced namely as private, public, and protected on the other hand no such modifiers are introduced in POP/s (Procedural oriented programming).
Security Due to obstructions in OOPs, data hiding is possible and hence its more secure than POPs
Complexity OOPs due to modularity in its programs it is les complex and hence new data objects can be created easily from existing objects, making object oriented easy to modify.
2 UNIT 2 I HAVE NO IDEA WHAT IM DOING…
Class names – For all class names, the first letter should be in upper case. If several words are used to form a name of the class, each inner word’s first letter should be uppercase “MyFirstJavaClass”
Method names- All method names should start with a lower case letter. If several words are used to form the name of the method, then each inner word’s first letter should be in Uppercase. “myMethodName()”
Constant names – All constant names should be written in uppercase. If several
words are used to form the name of the constant, then put underscore between words “THIS_IS_A_CONSTANT” for const in Java, they use final.
Program File name:
Name of the program file should exactly match the class name. When saving the file, you should save it using the class name (Remember java is case sensitive) and add “.java” to the end of the name (EXTENSIONS ARE THEIR NAME) (if the file name and class name are not matching, it will not compile) Main Method – public static void main (String args[]) Java program processing starts from the main() method, which is a mandatory part of every java application.
Arrays- Are objects that store multiple variables of the same type. However, an array itself is an object. Reserved words for Java.
Escape sequences – A character preceded by a backslash (\) is an escape
sequence and has a special meaning to the compiler.
Single line comments – they are used to comment on code, they use two forward slashes (//) NOT (\\) Multi-line comments – they start with /* and ends with */. Any text between /* and */ will be ignored by Java.
System.out.print(“”) – used to print literals on a single line
System.out.print(“”) – prints a new line after the value within the method is printed. (think of it as endl or \n in C++) 3 UNIT 3 YEAAAAAAAA IM GOING INSANE
Basic structure of a Java program?
- Comments/Document section - Package declaration - Import statements - Class definition - Main method class Document Declaration/Comment section - The documentation section is an important section but optional for java programs, (ill make it short its just to describe and add documentation to the program, does really nothing within the code) Package Declaration - We declare packages - Simply a container that groups related types - It is necessary because a Java class can be placed in different packages and directories based on the module they are used Import statements - Represents the class stored in the other package - It is used to import the built-in and user defined packages, class or interface in Java programming. (Like user inputs, things like that) Ex. Import java.util.Scanner ^This is how you import the scanner class.
Constants – cannot be changed while program is running
Variable – can hold only one value at a time but it can change. Just the same principle as the one we have for CC-103
ONE DIFFERENCE IS THE NON PRIMITIVE!
Non-Primitive/Reference Data type
- Strings – Is a sequence of characters, but in Java a string is an object that
represents a sequence of characters. Reference(??? Idk why maam just added reference in the end, probably string is a reference ?? doesn’t make sense to me T-T)
- Arrays – are homogeneous data structures as objects. That’s it.
- Classes – is a blueprint which incl- yeah this was said already at the beginning of this reviewer come on.
Difference between the two:
- Primitive are predefined in Java.
- Non Primitive can be used to call methods
- Primitive type always has a value, non can be null
- Primitive type starts with a lowercase
- Size of a primitive type depends on the data type, non has all same size.
3.1 PART II
Arithmetic Operations - + Addition - - Subtraction - * Multiplication - / Division - % Remainder (modulus) Operator Precedence - INSTEAD OF PEMDAS we have Operator Precedence, refers to the rules for the order in which parts of a mathematical expression are evaluated.
IF THEYRE ALL THE SAME, it goes LEFT TO RIGHT.
Also parenthesis makes it higher, the program will calculate the math within the parenthesis first. Type conversion - The process of converting one data type to another. - Unifying type – is the type to which all operands in an expression are converted so that they are compatible with each other Two types of casting: o Implicit type casting
o Explicit type casting
Implicit type casting
- The process of converting one data type to another. Ex. Int hoursWorked = 37; double payRate = 16.83; double grossRate = hoursWorked * payRate;
int hoursWorked = 37;
double grossRate = 16.83; int grossPay = hoursWorked * payRate; Explicit Type conversion - Purposely overriding the unifying type imposed by Java by performing a type cast. - Type casting forces a value of one data type to be used as a value of another type. To perform a type cast, you can use a cast operator, which is created by placing the desired result type in parentheses. o double bankBalance = 189.66;
float weeklyBudget = (float) (bankBalance /4);
System.in – standard input device (normally the keyboard)
Creating a Scanner object
In the library: import java.util.Scanner; In the block(code): Scanner inputDevice = new Scanner(System.in); Passing the user-input to a variable: int num1 = inputDevice.nextInt(); NOTE: inputDevice is the name/user-defined variable, you can just name it to whatever really Yea no comment.
4 JOPTIONPANE CLASS Dialog Boxes - Is a small graphical window that displays a message to the user or requests input. - A variety or dialog boxes can be displayed using the JOptionPane Class - Two of the dialog boxes are: o Message Dialog – a dialog box that displays a message
o Input dialog – a dialog box that prompts the user for input.
Using Import statement, how to state dialogs
- Import javax.swing.JOptionPane; - Message Dialog – JoptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, “Hello world”); (The hello world is just a thing to display what you can put there :3 don’t forget that ( I will haunt you if you put hello world in the exams. ) - Input dialog – anyVariableHere = JOptionPane.ShowInputDialog(“ ”); o Theres an OK button, Cancel button, and a textfield
System.exit() method – is called to end the dialog box/JOptionPane
o Requires a integer argument: System.exit(0);
NOTE: JOptionPane’s showInputDialog method always return the user’s
input as a STRING!! But we can convert that, theyre called Parse Methods o Byte.parseByte
o Integer.parseInt
o Short.parseShort
o Long.parseLong o Float.parseFloat
o Double.parseDouble
5 LAST!!!! USING METHODS (WAIT… SHOULDN’T
THIS BE BEFORE JOPTIONPANE? IDK LEAVE ME ALONE Methods - Operation for a class is called methods; it is used to set the values of the data. - Is a program module that contains a series of statements. - Primary uses: o Allows code reusability
o You can break complex program into a smaller chunks of code
o It increases code readability
o The public static void main is a method!!! Methods are just functions… (in C++) Adding parameters to Methods - Arguments – are Data types you use in a call to a method. o When the method receives the data items they are called parameters. ( you can add more than one parameter )
