At the end of this learning module, the student is expected to:
Articulate ways of finding meaning in life. Explain the Biblical as well as the Filipino understandingof the soul and the spirit. Discuss the significance of the practice of religion in the spiritual life of the person. Construct an essay indicating how he/she could personally and concretely live the great commandment of love. www.group4uts/report.com
Introduction Are you happy with your self? Do you find meaning in the things that you do everyday? What makes you truly happy? Do you ever take this questions seriously before? www.group4uts/report.com
Introduction In search of this true identity,man can make do way considering his spiritual well being for one thing,he is composed of both body and soul
In search ch for meaning in life, one of the major
concerns is the development of a balanced spiritual of the human being witch integrates well with his/her psychological maturation www.group4uts/report.com
Introduction Such intergration leads to a better understanding of oneself with the question: Who am i? What are my big aims in life? How clear are they? How truly Filipino am I? How truly Christian am I? It seeks answers the basic existential question in life,It leads to self introspection, a journey in to the core of human being. www.group4uts/report.com
Concept of Spirituality It is the aspect of self which develops a certain level of spirituality which is deemed as man's way of seeking as well as expressing the meaning and purpose of his life. It speaks of the quality of one's relationships - with God, self, others, institutions and God's entire creation, marked by respect, forgiveness, generous service and prayer. It is showing great refinement or high level of Christian maturity and concern with the higher things in life such as the Sacred or the Divine. Spirituality leads man to a deeper communion with the Divine. It aids persons in spiritual, emotional or physical distress, crisis or discomfort as well as those seeking to make a significant change in their lives through self-awareness. www.group4uts/report.com
The Spirit and the Soul
The Spirit is described as the disposition of an individual, a person's habitual attitudes, as man's supernatural power which comes from God. Soul on the other hand, is in Hebrew. Nephesh-psyche or in Greek, /rpsyche, originally meaning "throat" or "neck", the animating principle of human nature. The termused by the Filipinos for spirit is a loan word, "espirito", which is in Tagalog, "hininga" and in Ilocano, "anges". www.group4uts/report.com
The Spirit and the Soul
In modern psychology, it is described as the will, mind, emotion, and conscience. The Bible further speaks the soul as the innermost aspect of the person which signifies the spiritual principle in him, "the breath of life". It is because of this spiritual soul and that the body becomes alive. www.group4uts/report.com
What is the Difference Between the Spirit and the Soul?
It is a blessing that we have 3 parts, the body, the soul, and the spirit. All of these parts have specific functions. The body is our physical functions and here we feel our physical senses such as the sense of sight, taste, smell, hear, and touch. Spirirt is the courage and determination that helps people to survive in difficult times and to keep their way of life and their beliefs. The soul on the other hand, is our humanity that makes us feel emotions. It is our way to magnify God through our human limitations. The soul is the realm of decision, in the soul lives your mind, will, emotions, and personality. www.group4uts/report.com
The Filipino Traditional Understanding of Soul
We consider the traditional understanding of
soul Filipino communities in our discussion of the soul since this is the key yo understand ourselves at the present,recalling our past as a people which still has traces in today’s context www.group4uts/report.com
The Filipino Traditional Understanding of Soul
The soul and the spirit are sometimes used interchangeably but Filipinos interpret to soul differently. According to Demetrio et.al in the book “the soul according to indigenous Filipin “KALULUWA,KARARWA,KADKADWA all comes from the rout word duwa means TWO. •The Kadkaduwa in Ilocano is further derived from kadduwa means COMPANION. The doubling of KAD intensities the nature of companionship so that it means “constant companion “ www.group4uts/report.com
The Filipino Traditional Understanding of Soul
For the Tagalogs, the kaluluwa speaks more of the
soul of the decreased person than that of the living. At night the kakambal may travel around end its troubles encounter could be the cause of night mare(bangungut) www.group4uts/report.com
The Filipino Traditional Understanding of Soul
The Dungan (not normally seem by human eye)
For Ilonggos and Cebuanos sometimes comes out of the body takes a visible from such as that an insect like housefly or even a lizard. According to Visayans when the person can see him self in a dream it means that his “other self” has left the physical body www.group4uts/report.com
The Filipino Traditional Understanding of Soul
Alicia Margos (1986)as cited by Demetrio et.al(2011) also indicated that another cause of the body withdrawal of the soul from the body’s when body’s badly maltreated The kaluluha or dungan departs from the body so there’s a need to call the soul back by saying “comeback,comeback soul of returned to your home body” Another involuntarily departure of soul happens when it is lured or captured by bad spirits or enkantu Further more Magbot says that visayan dungan has a secondary meaning of willpower. A person with a lot of willpower is sad to have a strong dungan www.group4uts/report.com
The Filipino Traditional Understanding of Soul
The nation of multiplicity of soul is common among Filipinos.According to Llanes (1956) as cited by Dementio et.al (2011).four climate to the body in early Ilocano beliefs:
1. The KARARWA or the soul proper the vital elements in
man. It can leave only after death. It is the Ilokano name presently use. www.group4uts/report.com
The Filipino Traditional Understanding of Soul
2. The KARKARMA or second soul can leave the body when one is frightened or it can be stolen from the body when the person goes to isolated place. The Ilokano karkarma stands for natural vigor, energy,strength or power. It also stands for mind and reason. 3. The ANIWAAS (aningas or lingaas) or third soul can leave the body during sleep and visit place witch the person who owns if frequently when awake. If he wakes up it may lose his aniwaas and become insane. www.group4uts/report.com
The Filipino Traditional Understanding of Soul
4.AR-ARIA (al alia) or our fourth is the liberated soul of the dead. It is the soul that comes down to earth to visit relatives and friends asking them to pray or perform a duty it failed to do in life.
Like the Visayans and Ibanags, the Ilokanos believe the
soul leaves the body when frightened which results to sickness and a ritual necessary to invite the strayed soul to its homebody. www.group4uts/report.com
Loob and Personhood
Loob The inner self or inner being The core of one's personhood and where the true worth of the person lies.
Personhood Often thought to be constituted throughout the life course. It is the state or fact of being an individual or having human characteristics snd feelings. www.group4uts/report.com
Loob and Personhood
According to Mercado (1994); "A purified kalooban is supported by prayer. This happens through forms of sacrifices which include prayers, abstinence from certain kinds of food, or comforts, and sexual abstinence. One of the most popular sacrifices done by some Filipino Catholics is the "penitensia" during Good Friday. The penitents reenact the suffering of Jesus Christ from the flagellation to the crucifixion. Prayer and rituaul can be a sourse or power". www.group4uts/report.com
Loob and Personhood
Covar in Mercado's book, '"The Filipino Mind" says that, "The use of amulet (anting-anting) may also be a source of power while scriptures say that the word of God is efficacious, meaning has the power to produce a desired result" www.group4uts/report.com
Gods Kagandahang Loob
It connotes all that is good in a person which is the ideal among Filipinos. A quantity of being whhihch has its roots in the very heart of a person and which is given expression in the totality of one's life of interrelationship www.group4uts/report.com
Loob and Prayer
Prayer is said to be the "the first expression of man's interior truth". It is the ultimate organizing center of human reality. The very zone of creaturehood which is the substratum of ideas, feelings, and behaviours. Those whose loob is pure, serene and controlled have "special powers" granted to then by Christ such as ability to control elements, cure the sick, speak in different tongues, interpret signs among others. www.group4uts/report.com
Loob and Prayer
Prayer then is the Christian's acknowledgement and awareness of the true nature of the loob, and the richness or weakness of this loob as exposed by the light of faith. This loob is made "in the image and likeness of God"
"Christian prayer is our conscious personal communion
with God, our Father, in Christ Jesus. It is the fruit of the Holy Spirit working in our hearts, enabling us to turn to God and with confidence, to call Him our Father" www.group4uts/report.com
Finding and Creating Meaning
-Viktor Emil Frankl
According to Viktor Frankl, "meaning is something
discover rather than to invent". It has the same concept with inner happiness, life, satisfaction, self-actualization, and deep spiritually. He believes that in life there is an existential vacuum which means that life is empty, meaningless, purposeless, aimless, a drift, and so on. Because of this, we fill our lives with pleasure, eating beyond all necessity, or even having promiscuous sex. www.group4uts/report.com
Finding and Creating Meaning
-Viktor Emil Frankl
Also, according to him, we might seek power, especially
the power represented by monetary success, and because of this we fill our lives with busy-ness, conformity, conventionality, anger, hatred, and even attempts to destroy what we think is hurting us, a neurotic vicious cycle, such as obsession with germs and cleanliness or fear driven with the phobic object. www.group4uts/report.com
3 Ways of Discovering Meaning in Life
A. Experiential Values This approach involves experiencing something or someone we value and it consist of encountering another human, such as a loved one, or by experiencing the world through a state of receptivity such as appreciating natural beauty. The most important example of it is the love we feel towards another like family, relatives, friends, and workmates. www.group4uts/report.com
3 Ways of Discovering Meaning in Life
B. Creative Value This value is the traditional existential idea of providing oneself with meaning by becoming involved in one's project or better in the project of one's own life. it also includes the creativity and passion involved in art, music, writing, invention and lastly is work. www.group4uts/report.com
3 Ways of Discovering Meaning in Life
C. Attitudinal Values These values include practicing virtues such as compassion, bravery, a good sense of humor, and the like. But Frankl's most famous example is achieving meaning by way of suffering. The ultimate goal is self- transcendence in the spiritual realm. It is a reference to God and a reference to religion. www.group4uts/report.com
The Practice of Religion
Researches speak of religion as the people's way of connecting themselves to God as they search of meaning of life. Religion is also popularly understood as "beliefs and behaviors related to supernatural beings and powers". Still others define religion as "an organized system of ideas about the spiritual sphere, along with ceremonial practices: our way of relating with the supernatural or the DIVINE" www.group4uts/report.com
The Practice of Religion
Religion serve several functions to man as follows: 1. "The practice of religion has a significant effect on happiness and an overall sense of personal well-being"(Stark, R., 1971) 2. "Regular religious attendance led to much less psychological distress"(Williams, D. 1970) 3. "Young people see love as the central aspect of the meaning of life; they believe that religion is still important in helping form judgements abd attitudes"(Thomas, D.) 4. "The cohabitation rate is seven times higher among persons who seldom or never attend religious services compared to persons who frequently attend"(Larson, D.) www.group4uts/report.com
Ritual Rituals are 'patterned forms of behavior that have something to do with the supernatural realm'. They are performed in a repetitive nature. They can be religious or secular. "People worldwide engage in religious rituals that require a considerable amount of time or personal sacrifice. www.group4uts/report.com
Ritual "Life cycle rituals", often referred to as 'rites of passage', mark a status change from one important life stage to another.
Examples of Rituals and Sacrifices:
Harang Kanyaw Buklog www.group4uts/report.com
Magic Magic is commonly referred to as " tricks" and "illusions" that make impossible things seem to happen, usually performed as entertainment. Stein and Stein (2011), describe it as a special talent or skill; an act that makes impossible things happen through some sort of trickery or deception, and thereby manipulating not the supernatural world, but rather human perception. However, magic, as anthropologists use the term, refers to activities, usually rituals, by which a person can compel the supernatural to behave in certain ways www.group4uts/report.com
Witchcraft Witchcraft, commonly understood as "kulam", refers to the idea that certain people have an inborn power to harness spirits or energies for specific purposes. "It is an explanation of events based on the belief that certain individuals possess an innate psychic power capable of causing harm, including sickness and death" (Microsoft Encarta 2009) www.group4uts/report.com
Why do people still practice witchcraft?
Haviland (2007), mentions that witchcrafts serves a number of functions in society. Just like religion and magic, he says that "witchcraft provides explanations of the inexplicable, like illness, or natural disasters as well as allows a community to come together, focus their energies on something and to reassert their communal identity. www.group4uts/report.com
What the Bible says about Magic, Ritual and Witchcraft.
"Don't sacrifice your children in the fires on your altars; and
do not let your people practice fortune-telling, or use sorcery, or interpret omens, or engage in witchcraft, or cast spells, or function as mediums or psychics, or call forth the spirits of the dead. Anyone who does these things is detestable to the Lord. It is because the other nations have done these detestable things that the Lord your God will drive them out ahead of you. But you must be blameless before the Lord your God" (Dt. 18:10-13) www.group4uts/report.com
What the Bible says about Magic, Ritual and Witchcraft.
"The most important one is this: Listen, Israel! The Lord our God is the only Lord. Love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind, and with all your strength. The second most important commandment is this: Love your neighbor as you love yourself. There is no other commandment more important than these two" (Mark 12:29-31) www.group4uts/report.com
"May you truly find meaning as
you continue your life's journey, guided by Jesus, the Incarnate Word of God" www.group4uts/report.com
