Grade

10

TLE - ICT
COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING
QUARTER 2 – MODULE 2-3
WEEK 5-6

INSTALLING AND CONFIGURING

COMPUTER SYSTEMS

TLE_IACSS9- 12ICCS-IIa-e-28
 Quarter 2: Week 2-3
INSTALLING AND CONFIGURING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION

In this module you will be guided to prepare materials for setting up, Installing and
Configuring Computer Systems. At the end of this module you will be able to apply the
knowledge and skills on installing computer operating system and device drivers.

Lesson 1.
Installers Preparation and OS Installation Procedures
How to Install an Operating System on a Computer

When you buy a new computer, it usually comes with an operating system installed on
a hard drive partition, but if you're building a computer or replacing a hard drive, you need to
install an OS from scratch. If your computer came with a recovery partition containing an OS
installation image, you can boot into this image to reinstall your OS. Otherwise, you need a
USB drive or DVD containing the bootable disk image so that you can temporarily boot from
this medium to format your hard drive and install the OS.

Booting Into an Installation Medium

PC motherboards usually offer two ways to boot into an alternative medium. You can
configure your default boot drives from the firmware interface, or you can choose a temporary
boot device when you turn on your computer. The splash screen displayed when you power
on your PC is part of a firmware interface installed on your motherboard, and it contains
instructions for booting into your BIOS utility or choosing a temporary boot device. Usually,
you select an option by pressing "F2," "F12" or a laptop hardware key. With the DVD or USB

Content Standard Performance Standard

The learners demonstrate an understanding The learners shall be able to install and
of concepts and principles in installing configure computer systems based on
established procedures and system
systems
requirements

drive inserted in your computer, choose the appropriate option from the temporary boot menu
or follow the BIOS utility instructions to permanently configure your boot-drive order.

The Windows Installer

If your PC came with a recovery partition, your startup screen or BIOS utility contains
instructions for booting from this image. After you boot into the installation image, the installer
walks you through the steps to format your disk, enter the product key and install the OS. The
disk menu prompts you to partition your hard drive and choose a location for the operating
system. You can create a partition by clicking "New," delete one by clicking "Delete" or erase
its data by clicking "Format." For 64-bit Windows, you need at least 20GB of free space, and
for 32-Bit Windows, at least 16GB. However, to make room for files and applications, you
usually need around 40GB. After selecting a partition and installing Windows, your computer

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restarts several times and then boots into your new operating system, which you can configure
by following the on-screen instructions.

Installing the Latest Mac OS X

Installing OS X works differently because you can only get the disk image from the App
Store, and you can only access the App Store from OS X. This system works for most people
because Macs come with OS X, and you can upgrade to the latest version by purchasing it
from the App Store and double-clicking the installer. You must own a license for an OS X
version compatible with the upgrade to the latest version; check your version number by
clicking the "Apple" menu and selecting "About This Mac." For advanced users, Apple includes
a bootable disk creator with new installation images. If you're comfortable entering commands
in a terminal, you can refer to the Apple website for the commands to create a bootable
medium from the installation image.

Linux on PC or Mac

Most Linux distributions are free because they use mostly free, open-source software
to provide instructions to your hardware. Whether you have a new or old PC or Mac, you can
install a user-friendly distribution such as Ubuntu or Mint as easily as installing Windows or
OS X. If you have an older Mac with a PowerPC processor, you need to install the PPC Linux
kernel, which is available from the Ubuntu, Mint or Debian website. Most new hardware
requires little configuration after the installation because the Linux kernel includes modules for
most modern hardware. Ubuntu and Mint help new users install additional drivers and set up
their new desktops after the installation, so you don't need to be a computer expert to use
these operating systems.

A. Determining Which Operating System to Install

1. Check the system requirements.

If you've decided that you want to install a new operating system, you'll first need to
figure out which one you want to use. Operating systems have varying system
requirements, so if you have an older computer, make sure that you can handle a newer
operating system.
Most Windows installations require at least 1 GB of RAM, and at least 15-20 GB of
hard disk space. Also, your CPU needs to be powerful enough to run the OS you want to
run. Make sure that your computer can accommodate this. If not, you may need to install
an older operating system, such as Windows XP.
Linux operating systems typically don't require as much space and computing power
as Windows operating systems. The requirements vary depending on the distribution you
choose (Ubuntu, Fedora, Mint, etc.).
2. Decide whether to purchase or download.
Windows licenses need to be purchased. Each license comes with a key good for one
installation. Most Linux distributions are free to download and install as much as you'd like,
though some Enterprise versions are closed and require purchase (Red Hat, SUSE, etc.).
3. Research your software compatibility.
Make sure that the operating system you want to install supports the programs
that you want to use. If you use Microsoft Office for work, you won't be able to install it on
a Linux machine. There are substitute programs available, but the functionality may be
limited.
Many games that work on Windows will not work on Linux. The number of supported
titles is growing, but be aware that if you are an avid gamer your library might not transfer
over smoothly.

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4. Obtain your new operating system.
If you've purchased a copy of Windows from a store, you should have received an
installation disc along with your product code. If you don't have the disc but have a valid
code, you can download a copy of the disc online. If you are installing Linux, you can
download an ISO of the distribution from the developer's website.
An ISO file is a disc image that needs to be burned to a disc or copied to a bootable
USB drive.
5. Backup your data.
When you are installing a new operating system, you are most likely going to be wiping
the hard drive in the process. This means that you will lose all of your files on the computer
unless you back them up. Always make sure that any important files are copied to a backup
location before starting the installation process. Use an external hard drive or burn the
data to DVDs.
If you are installing the operating system alongside your existing one, you most likely
will not have to delete any data. It is still wise to backup important files just in case.
You cannot backup programs; they will need to be reinstalled once you have finished
installing your new operating system.

B. Installing Your New Operating System

1. Determine your installation order.

` If you are installing a Linux distribution that you want to run alongside Windows, you
need to install Windows first and then Linux. This is because Windows has a very strict
boot loader that needs to be in place before Linux is installed, otherwise Windows won't
load.
2. Boot from your installation disc.
Insert the installation disc into your optical; drive, and reboot your computer. Normally
a computer boots from the hard drive first, so you will need to adjust some settings in your
BIOS in order to boot from the disc drive. You can enter the BIOS by hitting the designated
Setup key during the boot process. The key will be displayed on the same screen as your
manufacturer's logo. Common Setup keys include F2, F10, F12, and Del/Delete.
Once you are in the Setup menu, navigate to the Boot section. Set your DVD/CD drive
as the first boot device. If you are installing from a USB drive, make sure that the drive is
inserted and then select it as the first boot device.
Once you've selected the correct drive, save your changes and exit Setup. Your
computer will reboot.
3. Try your Linux distribution before installing.
Most Linux distributions come with a copy that can be loaded directly from the
installation disc. This will allow you to “test drive” your new operating system before you
commit to the installation process. Once you are ready to install, click the Installation
program on the desktop.
This is only possible with Linux distributions. Windows does not allow you to test out
the operating system before you install.
4. Wait for the Setup program to load.
No matter which operating system you choose, the setup program will need to copy
some files to your computer before it can continue. This can take several minutes,
depending on the speed of your computer's hardware.
You will most likely need to choose some basic options, such as language and
keyboard layout.
5. Enter your product key.
If you are installing Windows 8, you will need to enter your product key before you can
begin the installation. Older Windows versions will ask for the product key after installation

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 is complete. Linux users will not need a product key unless it is a purchased version such
as Red Hat.
6. Choose your installation type.
Windows will give you the option of Upgrading or performing a Custom installation.
Even if you are upgrading an older version of Windows, it is highly recommended that
you choose Custom and start from scratch. This will minimize problems that may arise
later from combining old settings and new ones.
If you are installing Linux, you will be given the option to install alongside your existing
operating system (Windows), or to erase the disk and install Linux by itself. Choose the
option that best meets your needs. If you choose to install alongside Windows, you will
be given the option to choose how much hard disk space you want to designate for Linux.
7. Format your partitions.
If you are installing Windows, you will need to choose which hard drive partition you
want to install it on. Deleting partitions will wipe the data on the partition and return the
space to the Unallocated section. Select the unallocated space and create a new partition.
If you are installing Linux, the partition needs to be formatted in the Ext4 format.
8. Set your Linux options.
Before installation begins, your Linux installer will ask you for your timezone, and you
will need to create a username and password. You will use this to log in to your Linux
distribution as well as authorize system changes.
Windows users will fill out personal information after the installation is complete.
9. Wait for the installation to complete.
Depending on the speed of your computer, this can take up to an hour to finish. Most
installations are hands-off at this point. Your computer may reboot several times during
the installation process.
10. Create your Windows login.
Once your Windows installation is complete, you will need to create a username. You
can also choose to create a password, though this is not necessary. After creating your
login info, you will be asked for your product key.
11. Install your drivers and programs.
Once the installation is complete, you will be taken to your new desktop. From here,
you can begin installing your programs and make sure that your drivers are installed and
up to date. Make sure to install an antivirus program if you are going to be connecting to
the internet.
C. Install Specific Operating Systems

Lesson 2.
Application and Devices/Drivers Installation Procedures
Device drivers: Installation and configuration

Methods of installing device drivers

Admins can install device drivers on a server in four ways.
1. Running the Setup. Device drivers are automatically installed for all detected
devices during installation of Windows 2000 system on the server computer
2. Starting the computer. Whenever the server is started, new devices are detected
and their device drivers are automatically installed
3. Scanning for new hardware. Add/Remove Hardware Wizard can be used to
perform the hardware-detection process and desired device driver installation
4. Manual installation. You can use the Add/Remove Hardware Wizard to specify
the device you want to install, or you can right-click the .INF file that comes with
the driver and choose Install.

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Configuring devices using Device Manager

Device Manager displays information about all devices installed on your server. It
displays a list of devices that were either detected or for which drivers are installed. The icon
for the device indicates whether the device is in proper working condition.

Normal icon indicates that the device driver has initialized successfully while an
Exclamation point on icon would mean that device is incorrectly configured and a Stop sign
on icon means that device could not be initialized due to hardware conflicts.

To resolve hardware conflicts and to override the resources or the device driver that
were assigned to a device, follow these steps:
1. Start Device manager by typing 'Devmgmt.msc' in the Run dialog box.
2. Right-click the desired device and select Properties.
3. Click the Resources tab on the Properties dialog box.
4. Click the resource to be changed and then clear the "Use automatic settings"
checkbox.
5. Click Change Setting and then change the value of the setting to the desired value.

However best thing to do is to let Plug and Play resolve conflicts whenever possible.
Updating and removing device drivers
Administrators often have to update the existing device drivers or remove them. To update a
device driver:
1. Start Device Manager by typing 'Devmgmt.msc' in the Run dialog box.
2. Right-click the desired device and select Properties.
3. Click the 'Driver' tab and then click the Update Driver button.
To remove a device:
1. Start Device Manager by typing 'Devmgmt.msc' in the Run dialog box.
2. Right-click the desired device and select Properties.
3. Click the 'Driver' tab and then click Uninstall button

Note: Removing the device does not actually delete the device driver itself. What it does is
remove references to the driver from the Registry so that the computer does not load the
driver.

Driver signing

Driver signing ensures that the drivers have been certified by Windows Hardware
Quality Labs (WHQL). It has been implemented in Windows 2000 to improve the quality of
drivers and increase the overall stability of the Windows operating system.
Microsoft digitally signs all files and drivers on the Windows 2000 installation CD. But
administrators often download drivers from the Internet or get them from various hardware
vendors. To configure how these third-party drivers should be handled:
1. Open Control Panel.
2. Select the System Properties icon.
3. Switch to Hardware tab, and click the Driver Signing button.

A dialog box opens which has three checkboxes:

• Ignore (allows installing all files, regardless of the file signature)
• Warn (displays a message to the user before installing an unsigned file). This is
usually the default setting.
• Block (restricts the installation of unsigned files).
Check the required checkbox and hit OK.

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Driver installations: failure and recovery
Here are three problems that commonly occur during the installation of a device driver
and their solutions:
Problem: Wrong driver is installed
Solution: Press F8 at startup and use the Last Known Good Configuration
Problem: Driver gets installed partially or some files are missed during installation.
Solution: Use a command-line utility called "System File Checker" that can verify the
version of protected system files and revert to a previous version. Type sfc.exe /scannow on
the command prompt for running the utility.
Problem: Files are corrupt during installation.
Solution: Uninstall or remove the device driver, restart the server and reinstall the
driver.

Lesson 3.
Application Packages and Use of Application Programs
Computer software provides instruction to the physical parts of the machine so the
components know how to operate and work together. Software is also known as programs,
applications, procedures and computer code. Computer software is based on hardware
criteria; what may work on one type of machine does not necessarily work on another. Other
software can be purchased separately or downloaded from the Internet, and added to the
computer at any time.

Operating System
The most important software on a desktop or mainframe computer is the operating
system. Think of this software as the driver behind the wheel of an automobile. Operating
system software manipulates how data is displayed on a computer, serves as a tracker for
files and programs, verifies that both hardware and software components work together
efficiently and controls peripherals like printers, CD drives and headphones. The most used
operating systems include Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X and Unix.

Office Production
Many businesses use various types of office production software. Intuit's QuickBooks
tracks invoices and expenses while reconciling costs against the current budget. FileMaker
Pro is a versatile database management system that works on Windows, Mac and the Web to
track client and employee information. Many organizations purchase a suite package that
contains everything their employees need to run an efficient business. Both Microsoft and
Apple offer packages with word processing, spreadsheet, database and presentation
software. For smaller businesses on a tight budget, OpenOffice is free and downloadable from
the Web.

Entertainment
Many consumers purchase high-powered computers with the intention of using them
for entertainment. There is a plethora of computer games available for senior citizens, adults
and children. Video game manufacturers like Sony and Microsoft have tapped into the market
as well, offering the capability to connect computer and video machines so you can play with
or against other users online. Free or pay-per-play videos are available through YouTube, or
you can pay a nominal monthly subscription fee to Netflix and watch movies online.

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Lesson 4.
Bootable Devices
How To Create Bootable Windows 10 USB
Requirements:
• Make sure you have a stable Internet connection.
• USB flash drive with space of more than 4GB. We recommend that you format
the drive yourself before going ahead.
• Windows product key if you're installing the operating system for the first time.

1. Go to this link and download the official Windows 10 media creation tool. Make sure you
download the correct one tailored for your desktop operating system which you're currently
running - 32-bit or 64-bit.
2. Plug in a USB drive to your Windows PC.
3. Launch the media creation tool you just downloaded.
4. Select 'Create installation media for another PC' option. Click on 'Next' in the bottom right
corner.
5. On the next screen, you'll be presented with a bunch of options. Select your language, the
edition of Windows 10 you wish to download, and of course, the architecture. Click on 'Next'
once your choices have been made.
6. Select the 'USB flash drive' option, which should be highlighted by default. Click on 'Next.'
7. The tool will now prompt you to select the USB drive you've plugged into your PC. Click
on 'Next' once you've made your choice.
8. Windows 10 will now begin downloading and once the process is complete, you'll be left
with a bootable Windows 10 USB drive, all ready to be installed on a PC of your choice.

How to Create a bootable USB drive using Rufus

Rufus is an open-source portable application which helps to create bootable USB
flash drives. The bootable iso file is quite useful when you are installing an operating system
on your computer or laptop. Rufus supports varieties of .iso files which includes Windows,
Linux, and much more. It also supports the formatting of your flash drive as FAT, NTFS,
exFAT, FAT32, UDF or ReFS filesystems.

Here are the requirements of Rufus

• 1GHz processor
• 1GB of RAM (or 2GB for the 64-bit version),
• At least 16GB of storage.
• 4 GB or 8 GB of USB flash drive.

Here are the steps on How to create a bootable USB drive using Rufus on your computer.

Step 1: First, you have to navigate the official Rufus website by selecting
the URL: https://rufus.akeo.ie/.
Step 2: Then you have to just scroll down to the “Download” section and click on the
Download option to get the latest version of Rufus on your computer.
Step 3: Then make a double-click on the Rufus application, once the app gets download has
completed. There is no need for any additional installation.
Step 4: Once the installation of the application is done, you can insert the USB drive which
you want to convert it as a bootable device.
Step 5: First you have to transfer any of the personal files that you stored on the USB drive
on your computer before using the Rufus. The Rufus app will erase all your contents on the
USB drive.

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Step 6: You have to select all your USB drive from the “Device” from the drop-down menu in
Rufus. In most of the time, all your USB drive will be listed as “No_Label.”
Step 7: Now you have to place the checkmark on “Create a bootable disk,” and select the
“ISO Images” from the drop-down menu. Moreover, the ISO file is an image file that contains
all sort of contents of a specific file system, such as an operating system.
Step 8: Make a click on the drive image logo that displayed on the right side of “ISO Images,”
and then, select the .iso file you plan on using with Rufus.
Step 9: To erase and format your USB drive you have to Click on “Start,” and then make a
click on the “OK” button to confirm the process. Now the application will start copying the
contents of the .iso for to your USB drive. The process timing takes about five minutes to
complete.
Step 10: Once the process gets finished click on “Close “.
Step 11: Now eject the USB drive from your computer.
Step12: Bootable USB device is now ready. Switch off the system and insert the USB to make
sure that the computer boots with your USB device.

How to Create a bootable USB drive using Diskpart/CMD

To install a Windows operating system you need a Windows DVD disc or a bootable
USB flash drive. There are many ways to create a Windows Bootable USB, one is to do it
with Diskpart command line utility.

1. First, connect the USB flash drive to your PC and then run Diskpart.
2. In order to run diskpart, press Windows button+R and type diskpart then hit the
enter.
3. In the screen click Yes in order to run diskpart as administrator.
4. So when the diskpart opened, type list disk command for showing the connected
USB flash drive and hard disk.
5. Now it shows 60 GB hard disk and my 14 GB USB flash drive.
6. You must select the flash drive by select command. Type select disk 1 (disk 1 is
USB) and then type list disk to see whether USB has been selected or not.
7. The selected disk showed with a stroke symbol in-front.
8. Now clean the flash with clean command. Just type clean and hit enter.
9. Create a primary partition and format it with the NTFS file format.
10. To create a partition type, create partition primary.
11. Now, format the newly created partition by typing format fs=ntfs
quick command.
12. Now set the partition as an active drive for booting during staring system. To do
this type active command
13. Here you can see all commands in one screenshot.
14. Close the diskpart by typing exit command.

Learning Activities
I. Enumerate
A. What are the common set-up keys to access the BIOS (4)
B. What are the common operating systems installed among PC’s (3)
C. Give examples of Linux operating system (3)

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II. Word Search

D O W N L O A D U N T U H A P
L D F Q Z B O O T A B L E N H
I O L I R U F U S P A E B A A
N I C N N D E V I C E M E S R
U D S S M I Q E E L U W H O D
X A T T U S M A C O S I J F W
C V A A U K T E D D P N O T A
V Q C L S P B U T T T D O W R
X I C L E A G R E T H O I A E
M G H E K R M A C O K W T R L
O P E R A T I N G S Y S T E M

Answer Key:

Learning Activities
Enumerate Word Search
A. F2, F10, F12, Del/Delete LINUX , DISKPART, BOOTABLE, UBUNTU,
B. Windows, MAC OS X, Unix INSTALLER, WINDOWS, RUFUS,
C. Fedora, Mint, Ubuntu HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, DEVICE,
D. NTFS, FAT, FAT32, exFAT
OPERATING SYSTEM

Summative Evaluation:

Explain the following:

A. How important is an Operating System in a PC? (10 pts)
B. Why is it necessary to check the system requirements before OS installation?
(10 pts)

Performance:

A. Create a flowchart containing the different Steps on creating a

bootable disk using Diskpart (10 pts)
B. Create a flowchart containing the different steps in creating a USB
bootable device using Rufus (10 pts)