EFF

J U N E 16 tn P R iq Q jJ P E R COPY
VO LI.N O.6 1938 TOMORROW THE WORLD IS OURS E V E R T C H I r THURSDAY
 Our search led us to an old distillery
on the hanks of the River Dee...

* \
Product of scotia*® _

OLD ANG®

l w h is k y
r^OQF
r EIGHTY______
EARSOLnD
—
/TVJvX r\/ /fJhtT.f.i/t
'ST,UeRS,GfA$GOW
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JX^STABLISHED1845
0*4*4

W e traced this, highly praised whisky to its source,

the old and honored firm of Train & McIntyre
L td., whose Strathdee D istillery on the River
Dee supplies Highland malts that go into this rare
blend. W e arranged with Train & McIntyre to bring
Old Angus to America—unchanged, the same su­
perb whisky the Scots and English favor . . . Try
Old Angus — the whisky whose smooth liqueur
quality and mild taste can best be described by
calling it “ A Noble Scotch— Gentle as a Lamb.”

Oil) ANGUS
BLENDED SCOTCH W HISKY

A^QerR^Qsl

YOUR GUIDE TO GOOD LIQUORS

 26
T I M E S

A YEAR

EVERY OTHER
T H U R S D A Y

GOES ON SALE
AT YOUR NEWSSTAND
4

J UNE 16th
WITHIN THE E D I T O R I A L KEN Vol. 1 No. 6 1938

The composite Ken read e r: w hat

I ag ree with must be the insid e;
w h a t I d is a g r e e w ith m ust be
p r o p a g a n d a . R e su lt: K en h a s CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS ISSUE
been ticketed by a ll the " is t s ," A rn old G in g r ic h R . G r a m S w in g M a r t in S t e v e r s D e n n is P u l e s t o n
Editor E r n e s t H e m in g w a y M ic h a e l F ro st Steph en B roder
v a rio u sly assorted and opposed, C l a u d C'o c k b u r n Stuart C am eron C r e ig h t o n P ek t W h it f o r d C a r t e r
L a w r e n c e M a r t in J o h n L . S p iv a k H e r b G r a f f is S am B e r m a n

in w a y s that com bine to m ake C e c il B . B r o w n

I r is B r a n n
A r t h u r D . F ic k e
E d w a r d H a r r is o n
S id n e y C a r r o l l
A g n e s D f it r o
D k rso & K e le n
\Y. J . E n r i g h t
R ene K raus T h om pson Y oung B e r t W h it m a n W il l ia m S h a r p
it the most b e w ild e rin g ly p a r a ­ B e n St e r n M . A . H allgrkn C h as. K uhn R u s s e l l L im b a c h
A llan P orter M a r t in P a n ze r D a v id L o w J o h n E r ic
d o xical m onstrosity. H ir a m M o t h e r w e l l T if f a n y T h a y e r C o r s a ir R obert Y ork
John R. M alone Ja m e s F . S c h e e r E r ic G o d a l R ic h a r d Y a r d l k y
P a u l E in z ig F r a n c is H .J o h n s t o n Jo h n G roth W .A u e r b a c h -L e v y
Cover: W esley N eff
t a prize fight, if you have a bet over onto a full wartime basis of pas­
A . down on one of the boys, your
vision is temporarily deranged. You
sionate intolerance.
It is at this awkward juncture, this TEXT
see double every time your guy lands penultimate point of a decade's de­ Within the Editorial K en .......... 4 Mike Jacobs-Boxing Monopolist 7 0
a punch. For that matter it needn’t cline in the art of thinking, that Ken Trans-Atlantic K en ................... 5 How to Keep Quietlv M ad ........ 7 3
a c tu a lly land. But the other guy’s has chosen to make its debut, an event Ken Particles.............................. 6 A Measure of R ecovery.............. 7 4
punches have a curiously low visibil­ that has been managed up to this mo­ Tomorrow the World Is O u rs.. . 9 The Tories Are the Pacifists.. . . 7 7
ity. You see only half as many, and, ment with all the delicacy of a full- Eves on C'hiang Kai-shek.......... 11 Fable of the Howling M onkev. . 7 8
of those you do see. an astonishingly grown elephant doing a toe dance. The Czechoslovakia Is N ext............ 12 \\ hat the Newsreels Never Show 8 0
large proportion miss. In fact, unless result should have surprised nobody, The Miracle of Konnersreuth. . 16 Relief Man Confesses A ll........... 8 2
and until your guy is counted out cold, least of all ourselves. F or h avin g Scotch Mormon Spends Billions. 18 Our Naval Experts.................... 8 4
you are quite sure, up to and includ­ chosen this moment to present “ the The Army’s Closest Secret. . . . 20 Desk Room, Dollar a Month Up 8 6
ing the count of nine, that he only other side.” the obverse of the medal, Foreign Allegiance First........ 24 When Is a Crank?...................... 8 8
slipped. the side that does not reveal itself Notes on the Yangtze R iv e r... 28 Study of College Cribbage....... 9 0
This phenomenon, which has some under the first superficial glance, we But You Can’t Live on L iberty. 29 Bumbling 1loosier Senator........ 9 2
recognition value if you are not in the might well have known in advance F'ranc-Wise and France-Foolish. 30 It Happened Every 20 Years. . . 9 5
habit of kidding yourself, need not that we w ou ld ca tch hell six ways The Battle of the Eyes and O’s.. 32 Spies Bv Invitation Only......... 9 6
disturb you unduly. You need hardly from Sunday. Things have never been Era of Preventive Armament. . 34 The Ken Stop-W atch................ 9 9
fear that it makes you unique. It is in such a many-sided muddle as they H .M .’s Loyal State Depart- Inside New Y ork ........................ 101
a peculiarity that all the rest of us are right now. nor has every side ever m ent......................................... 36 In the Ken of the People............ 1 0 6
share with you to a remarkably uni­ been less willing to recognize the ex­
form degree. istence of any other side. COLOR and GRAPHIC
At the races, it’s the other jockey Consciously or unconsciously apply­ Love, Honor and O bev............. 10 The Puppet M ikado.................. 53
who does all the horsing around that ing the rule that “ what I agree with Copy C ats................................... 17 Anglo-Italian A ccords............... 54
warrants condemnation as uncalled- must be the inside; what I disagree American Buddha!..................... 19 Letting Him Have No R est.... 56
for rough stuff; the boy who's up on with must be propaganda," Ken has, Achievement............................... 21 Property of Mike Jacobs.......... 71
the horse we like is only riding a re­ after only its first few issues, already Foundation Stone...................... 22 Any Fighter, Inc......................... 72
markably shrewd, a truly heady, race. been ticketed forever by variously as­ Louis-Schmeling Fight............. 24 En G arde!.................................... 75
And at the football game the other sorted and opposed groups in ways Hogging the Spotlight............... 25 Selling O ut................................... 76
team is hardly penalized enough; con­ that combine to make it the most be­ It Does Happen Here................ 26 A Little E arly!............................ 79
sidering their gas-house gang tactics, wilderingly paradoxical monstrosity. Mein K am pf............................... 27 Pilgrimage.................................... 83
they are getting away with murder. Ardent nationalists are convinced that Main Street of China................ 28 What Price G lorv....................... 87
But our side is victimized for the per­ it is in Moscow’s care and keep. But T im ber......................................... 31 Keeper of the Bees.................... 94
fectly natural exuberance with which Far from the Madding Crowd. 33 The Finger M an ......................... 96
the communists have rather abstruse­
they activate their high ideals of clean “ I tank I want to be alone!” . . . . 35 Covered Wagon 1938 Model.. 97
ly diagnosed it as a first-aid to the
V ictory......................................... 36 Century of Progress................... 98
and manly sportsmanship, b esid es advance of fascism by way of Trot­
which, unfortunately, the referee is a skyism. Nothing, on yet another hand, ILLUSTRATIVE
robber. can convince the rugged individualists
As for politics, the paper that fa­ that it is anything but a New Deal Japs Learn Fast.......................... 37 Babes of A frica........................... 52
vors our party is a daily marvel of house organ. Now such diverse groups Labor on Defensive.................... 38 End of an E ra............................. 57
accurate and calmly dispassionate re­ Confident Coolie......................... 39 Newsreel Courtesy..................... 58
as these could never be united on land
Marching, Singing...................... 40 Newsreel IDiscourtesy................ 59
porting. while we hold it to be self- or sea, in this world or the next. Yet
Sword-Plav.................................. 41 Marv Pic.kford............................ 60
evident that the opposition paper is Ken has turned the impossible trick
Miracle Girl................................. 42 Filin Censorship......................... 61
d e v o te d to distortion of the most of making them at last see eye to eye
Budget-1 nbalancer.................... 43
wantonly malicious sort. As for that on one th in g. T h e y w ou ld all be $50,000,000 Targets................... 62
Radio Bond larder....................... 44
boiling point of politics, a state of equally pleased to see Ken quieted by Westward Bound....................... 63
1)estruetion-Bound.................... 45
war. that presupposes an even more one means or another. That in itself 46 Baseball Promoter..................... 64
Plane Drops Eggs......................
rigidly one-sided mould of thought. is progress of a sort. If an infant Walk Downstairs....................... 47 On a Bender................................ 65
A whole new set of synonyms goes among magazines can manage to bring Slave M arket.............................. 48 Pawson of Pawtucket................ 66
into immediate effect. “ Enemy" be­ about even negative agreement among Men at Auction.......................... 49 Tennis Bottoms I ’p ................... 67
comes synonymous with "aggressor” ; the embattled "ists” of various badly You Can’t I )o T h a t................... 50 He Can W ear.............................. 68
and. as applied to the enemy, "activ­ snarled "isms,” there may be hope for Eve I )octors \\ a r....................... 51 Broadway Curiosity.................. 69
ity" is indistinguishable from "atroc­ the Americans, after all. PICTURE CREDITS: Pg. 34, 67, 80— European; 88- G lobe; 69- -Max Haas; 64, 65, 74— Jake Houston;
ity.” And as long as this frenetic state You who read this may not be con­ 11, 30, 37, 42 (bottom )- International; 20, 44, 45, 46, 82- Keystone; 78— Nesmith; 24— Newsphotos;
57— Pix; 90, 91— Scheer; 6— Three Lions; 39, 40, 41— Triangle; 43, 77— Underwood; 9, 38, 58, 59, 61
of mind persists, a n y th in g we say scious of the badge of any “ ism” on (bottom ), 66, 70, 92— W ide W orld; 16, 42 'to p ), 60,61 (top), 84, 99— Acme; 68— Bermuda News B;
52— Black Star; 32, 50, 51—N .Y . Board o f Ed.; 95— Brown Bros.; 29, 47, 48, 49- Crown.
about your side is news; anything you your own sleeve. But you're human, like
COPYRIGHT under International Copyright Union, All Rights Reserved under Inter-American Copyright
say about our side is propaganda. us all, which is enough to bear in mind Union, Copyright, 1938, by Ken, Inc. Registration in U. S. P at. Off. applied for. Reproduction or use,with­
One of the least surprising aspects out express permission, o f editorial or pictorial content, in any manner, is prohibited. P rinted in U. S. A
when you read Ken— and all you need
of the world’s present bloody state of SUBSCRIPTIONS for one year, payable in advance, in the United States and possessions, Cuba, Mexico,
by way of explanation why certain Central America (except British Honduras), and South America (except the Guianas) $5.50; Canada
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myriad prejudices have already moved you see a sudden, hopping, hot, red. • N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, 111.

KEN KEN is published every other Thursday by Ken, Inc., 919 X Michigan Ave.. Chicago. 111. Entry as second class matter Volume 1
June 115th, 1938 applied for at the Post Office at Chicago. 111., under the act of March 3, 1879. Subscriptions $5.50 a year in U. S. A Number fi
June 76, 7938 5

a note written by Lloyd George in the voice in the decision as to how the
TRANSATLANTIC KEN minutes of a Cabinet meeting early in
1918 wherein he states that the Cabi­
arms they are making are to be used.
They told him that if the present pol­
net was agreed: 1, the safest policy icy continues, the possibility of “ mo­
for defeating the Germans would be bilizing” industrial manpower for the
Eu ro p e ’s d ro ug ht m ean s p e ace to support the Bolsheviks in Russia; armaments program would soon dis­
2, that it was better to risk defeat for appear altogether.
this summer. H aitian passports, England in the war than to support
$ 1 ,0 0 0 each . Ind ia bucks Cham ­ communists. This note is being used Lo rd H a lif a x w a s in ­
now to explain the apparently disas­
b e r la in ’s p r o - f a s c is m . B ritis h trous policy of Chamberlain who pre­ formed flatly that "peo­
fers the risks of German domination ple would fight and work
m orale low est since 1914. Racial of the Continent rather than alliances
for the League, for Spain
with democratically-ruled states.
hy g ien e through one-ton a e ria l • and for democracy, but
bom bs. Lord H a lifa x reaching A German publication, the Archiv will not fight or work to
fiir Biologie und Rassengesellschajt, retain colonies or other
for hat? British press p la y s dow n publishes an article by a high officer
im p e ria l a im s ." T h a t
of the Reichswehr on “ the Utility of
U .S .A . new s. Air Bombardments From the Point of made a deep impression
View of Racial Selection and Social on Halifax.
Hygiene.” He states: “ It is the most
BY CLAUD COCKBURN thickly populated quarters which will
The momentary result has been the
suffer the most. These quarters are
redoubling of efforts by Halifax and
inhabited by poor people who have
others, including Eden, to find some
o European m ilit a r y men this politically active Indian masses be­ not succeeded in life, the disinherited
T month, weather reports are more
interesting than anything else. The
hind it in a demand for absolute re­
fusal to co-operate in defense of the
members of the community which will
thus be freed of them. On the other
compromise solution by which “ na­
tional unity” might be created.

d rou g h t extending from Brindisi to “ Commonwealth of Nations” unless hand the explosion of large bombs
Stettin and Koenigsberg is cau sin g India has control of its own foreign of one ton weight or more, apart from
There are strong indications in Lon­
optimists to predict no war this year policy, and unless British foreign pol­ the deaths caused, will also inevitably
don that a storm is brewing behind
because of crop failure. One pig in icy is directed toward the support of produce numerous cases of madness.
the scenes on the subject of Anglo-
five was slaughtered in Italy by de­ collective security. This is probably People with weak nervous sytems will
American relations and is likely to
cree this m on th in o r d e r to save the gravest p o lit ic a l and strategic be unable to withstand the shock.
break as a political issue before sum­
fodder. event of the month. British authori­ "Thus bombardment will mer’s end. Although news on the sub­
• ties are worried. ject is being played down amazingly
assist us to discover neu­ in the British press, the Opposition
•
The smallest state in the rotic people and remove believes that Anglo-American relations
The ablest men in the British In­ in fact are worse today than in many
w o rld th is month w a s telligence Service will be employed to them from s o c ia l life.
years—probably the worst since the
offered the largest per watch Pundit Nehru, India’s biggest Once discovered, it will Disarmament Conference. It is a fact
man, when he arrives in Europe in that the practice of “ ordering” mes­
c a p it a incom e in the be sim p le to s t e r iliz e
mid-June to make contacts among sages from British correspondents in
w o rld and tu rn ed it E u ro p ea n democrats and especially them and thus a s su re the United States which suppress facts
the Spanish and British. It will be a racial selection." for the purpose of supporting the Brit­
d o w n. T h a t s ta te is dramatic scene when Nehru visits the
• ish Government’s policy has been no­
Andorra. B ritish volunteers on the Spanish ticeably on the increase in the past
front with a special message to them, A second British Government crisis month. The volume of news from the
The income was offered by the sale and then leaves for England where he much b ig g e r than the Swinton Air United States in any case is very small
of passports to refugees of the Nazi will get in touch with British labor Ministry reshuffle is a probability. It and it is easy to “ blanket” most of
terror in Europe. Dr. von Hofmann­ leaders with a view toward consolidat­ is extremely unlikely that Lord Hali­ the unfavorable news because of the
sthal, insignificant looking little man ing an inter-imperial effort to change fax will remain much longer in the urgency and importance of European
but a famous international la w y e r, Britain’s policy away from supporting Foreign Office. As everyone knows, he developments.
journeyed e x p re s s ly to Andorra in fascist powers to giving help to demo­ offered his re sig n a tio n a ft e r the
order to explain the possibilities in cratic alignments. Geneva fiasco. Unpublished however But re tu rn in g visitors
passports as a source of state income. is one of the most important and sig­ from the States— for ex­
He listed the fact that Haitian pass­ nificant reasons for his attitude; it is
ports are being sold in Austria today Terrifying to British mil­ that immediately following the Geneva ample, H e r b e rt Morri­
for at least $1,000, in some cases it a r y a d v is e r s is the meeting he was approached privately son— have e x p re sse d
fetching as high as $1,500. Andorra, by certain representatives o f the Op­
growing belief that Brit­ shocked alarm at the ef­
he suggested, might make a good busi­ p o s it io n w ho informed him, very
ness out of establishing consulates in ish unity and morale are frankly, of certain “ facts of life” re­ fect of the present Brit­
Vienna and other cities, mainly for garding the attitude of working peo­ ish p o lic y , particularly
at a lower ebb even than
the sale of passports enabling people ple, and particularly of m u n ition s
to escape from the terror. Andorra in 1914. The experts are workers, to the Government’s policy, since Eden's resignation,
turned down the offer on the ground uncertain whether bad particularly in reference to Spain. on America's feeling to­
that such business is “ undignified.” In There was a dramatic scene when
teeth or p a c ifis m are ward Britain.
the meantime Liechtenstein, w h ere Halifax, who ever since talking to
the notorious Ivar Kreuger registered most responsible. Gandhi and subsequently imprisoning Though some of these fears have
a majority of his companies, is now him, has made his alleged desire to been expressed publicly, the enormous
supporting a major part of the state They are seeking, with the aid of “ see the other fellow’s viewpoint” one activity of German agents in Paris
apparatus by the sale of passports. the so-called “ left wing” Conserva­ of the principal cards in his hand, and in other sections of France, par­
tives, to discover a basis for exhorting listened with alarm to what amounted ticularly on the eve of the British
the people to “ hang together.” That to an ultimatum voiced by Labor. He royal visit, has given rise to a new
For the British the gravest news of basis, so far, has not been found. High was warned that the refusal of the crop of fears that an attempt will be
the month is to the effect that India officials continue to urge the Govern­ machinists’ union to meet with the made by the Germans to create a dis­
is beginning to take a strong line for ment that the sole possible basis is G o v e rn m e n t to discuss armament turbing “ incident” in ten d ed to jar
collective s e c u r ity and against the the pro-democratic, p r o -c o l le c t i v e speedup was not a mere incident but Anglo-French relations and demon­
Chamberlain policy. Despite denials, security policy. a move representative of the views of strate to the world the “ disorderly ” con­
the fact is that the Indian National M uch to the discomfiture of the millions of workers in vital industries dition of affairs in France. The strict­
C on g ress has the majority of the Government, someone has unearthed who consider they have a right to a est precautions are being taken. •
 Average housefly carries more than a capable can qualify as pilot without
K E N P A R T I C L E S million germs.
•
charge.

JAPS: Japanese armament concern M ORTGAGE: Frank Lloyd Wright

K en c o lle a g u e s w a y s B rito n s, is taking the entire output of the Pa­ designed $5500 house for Madison,
cific Nickel Co., in British Columbia. Wis., newspaper man named Jacobs.
u n d e rg ro u n d jo u r n a l, k ic k le s s • Coronet and Time told the story. Peo­
D. D. & D.: World is being made ple, surprised that Wright designs
a lc o h o l, bom bproof m u se u m s, houses for anyone less than million­
safe for boozers and brawlers, with in­
sleep coat nig hties, hoppers w ill ventions of compound that robs alco­ aire, visited Jacobs-Wright home in
holic liquors of their intoxicating ca­ droves. Jacobs, awakening to oppor­
ho p , M o sco w g o ld , dog d ia ­ pacity, and of electromagnetic device tunity, charges two-bits a look, and
that cures black eyes in 24 hrs. has paid off the mortgage.
m onds, spittoon bow ling. • •

FATHERS: Any s ig n ific a n c e in CONFEDERATE M ONEY: Reb­

fact that Father’s Day falls on June el Franco’s currency commands bet­
BY LAWRENCE MARTIN ter foreign exchange rate than Valen­
19, Bunker Hill day?
• cia’s peseta,— partly owing to Fran­
co’s larger export trade, partly to
M U S E U M S : One hundred British
museums, at last facing inevitability German assistance in financial organ­
ization.
of air raids, selecting representatives •
to discuss practical aspects of problem.
Air Raid Precaution Officer a familiar NAM E: That AnthonyAdverseAc-
official. tionatAquila author should change
• name to Arvey Allen, make it unani­
PAJAMA SECESSION: The night­ mous.
•
shirt is coming back, strea m lin ed ,
styled by a specialist, available in blue, WAR M O V E : Belgian gold reserve
ivory, or peach, piped in contrasting reported moved to England for safe­
shades, called “ Sleep Coat”— but still keeping.
•
a nightshirt.
• BOOKS: More publishers will form
TRADE W IN D S?: Northern hem­ book clubs, offering “ book dividends,”
isphere loses 10 million million tons to combat dept, store cut-rating, one
of air each yr between Jan. and June publisher offering $25 worth of books
when this air moves south. But it a year for $18.
•
Ir ish nuns m ust le a r n G a e lic so they ca n teach it to school c h ild r e n comes back between July and Dec.
Sounds silly. PATHOS: The chain letter is gone,
• but astrology is here. The more it
IRISH: Ignoring c o m p la in ts of sance locates liner Rex at sea. Gen­
PEST: No. Dak. will, probably, changes, the more it’s the same fool­
church heirarchy over interference, the erals elated by success of ‘defense.’ ”
suffer one of the worst infestations of ishness.
Irish government is not excepting pa­ But military observer whispers that •
rochial schools from order requiring Rex was sending out hourly bulletins grasshoppers this yr that the state
has known. P R O P A G A N D A : Hundreds of
Gaelic to be taught in all schools, and of her positions to help Army fliers
American college students and many
is co m p e llin g nuns who instruct to locate her!
• MOSCOW GO LD: Russia, world’s professors are g e ttin g free tours of
learn the language.
No. 2 gold producer, expects to pass Germany this summer. Nazi govern­
• FREE PRESS: Ingenuity of pub­
South Africa next year for first place. ment paying all expenses except boat-
lisher of La Liberte Beige, secret news­
HEALTH: Nowhere in “ enlight­ • fare.
paper kept in circulation throughout •
ened” Great Britain is there anything
German occupation of Belgium, being FRANKENSTEIN: Prof. Edouard
to prevent a syphilitic fro m getting MORE BUYERS: Who will or­
equaled by publisher of Deutschland- Branly, 93 & living in French retire­
married. At least one in 20 Britishers ganize anti - entertainment - of - out-of -
Berichte, m o n th ly r e p o r t of Social ment, never listens to radio, which
has been or is a syphilitic. town-buyers league to squelch one of
Democrat Party, published on 5J<jx he helped Marconi to introduce to
• industry's ugliest nuisances?
8p2 thin tissue in Czechoslovakia for world in 1901. Recently friend pre­ •
DOG LOVER: Lloyd Phoenix, circulation in Germany. sented him with receiving set. “ After
who appears among Columbia Univ’s LIFE B E G IN S AT GRAVE­
• a few minutes I fled from the mon­
notable benefactors with $500,000 YARD : Cemetery management jour­
ster I had created,” he admits.
BUYERS: Housewives in few rel­ nal in Rockford, 111., has ordered two
gift, bought $ 2,000 diamond earrings •
atively free countries of world are copies Dorothea Brande’s Wake Up
for his pet dog. W A R : W illia m F ra n cis G ib bs,
rising, organizing, boycotting, parad­ and Live.
• American who is designing 1,000-foot •
ing. In England 804,000 fem. signa­
KEN COLLEAGUE: Gram Swing tures hit House of Commons protest­ battleship for USSR, is m em b er of
RAILROAD: Big battle of finan­
in position to sway British opinion. ing high living cost. U. S. Navy’s special advisory board
cial titans now on for control of Van
His w eek ly sh ort w ave talks from • on battleship plans.
Sweringen properties has been skill­
New York have audience of millions. W HEELS: What could David Du- •
fully kept from public eye.
American n ew sca sts have growing binsky, militant labor leader, and John BANKERS: Will next bankers’ •
daily fo llo w in g in E n gla n d since D. R ock efeller h ave ta lk e d about convention follow tradition set at At­ VIOLIN V IC T IM : Fred Fradkin,
Chamberlain began G o e b b e lin g the when they were placed next to each lanta, Ga., where financiers bowled famous concertmaster of Boston Sym­
press and BBC. Wonder if they can other at charity dinner in NYC? One spittoons at empty beer bottles in phony Orchestra, can’t play now be­
understand Boake Carter? guess is bicycling. Dubinskv is avid hotel lobby? cause of an occupational n eu rosis
• cyclist, going out every Sunday. He •
which tightens up his stomach mus­
JAP LEARNS: J a p a n ese officer insisted on cycle c r o s s in g stage in­ STEEL: Germany’s steel require­ cles and constricts his heart when he
sent to this country to study Ameri­ cluded in Pins and Needles, Broad­ ments are only slightly less than picks up a violin. He is at work in a
can propaganda methods, recently re­ way revue sponsored by ILGWU, and Britain's and France’s combined. New York restaurant, says he’shappier.
turned. Now newspapers a b ro a d are offered to ride the bike himself. Austria will help little. •
(P ic. on Pg. 38) •
receiving “ pretty girl” photos bally- H ID E-OU T: Windsor Castle secret
• ANOTHER LANGUAGE: Haaren
hooing the Tokyo Olympiad. tunnel has been turned into gas cellar
(P ic. on Pg. 37) GERMS: Poor dishwashing in High School, N. Y., has made its avia­ for residents and storeroom for royal
• many public places leaves from four tion course compulsory in place of treasures.
W A R TRIU M PH : H e a d lin e : t o l l million potentially harmful bac­ foreign lan gu ages. G erm an high •
“ Flying forts. 630 miles out, spot teria per drinking glass. Chlorine in schools have similar c o m p u ls o r y Kemal Ataturk now luxuriates on
enemy troopship. 8-hour reconnais­ the rinsing water would help . . . courses so every youth physically $5,000,000 yacht formerly owmed by
Ju ne 16, 1938 7

Cadwalader family of Philadelphia, you feed a cold you will have a fever considerably the combined total of all CUT-RATE F R E E D O M : W hy
has American movies, most of them to starve.” other nations. In Mass., one out of don’t Newspaper Publishers Assn. &
prohibited for other Turks, shown to • every 190 adults is an insurance Society Newspaper Editors, cham­
him aboard. AN OTH ER: “ The exception proves agent. pions of press freedom, expose cut
• the rule” does not mean that a rule • rates for cable & wireless news
DIAPER D A D : New York’s Ma­ must have exceptions, which is silly. COW RESULTS: Ah, wonders of granted by certain foreign govern­
ternity Center Association has classes Make it read, “ The exception tests nature & man. Milk has casein in it, ments (Italy is one) to Amer. news­
in infant-bathing, dressing, etc., for the rule.” which makes cheese p ossib le. But papers that will play ball?
fathers. First graduate had no chil­ • cheese is old stuff; in Italy, as part •
dren on diploma-day. CANCER: In spite of millions of drive to make country self-sup­ PLASTIC: is replacing ivory for
• poured into study and prevention porting for war, synthetic wool is be­ piano keys. Is making auto tail lights
JOBS: Men are still dying from work, in last 25 yrs, cancer has ad­ ing made from this cheese base. Fas­ less liable to breakage than glass ones.
overwork, while 10,000,000 are job­ vanced from seventh to second place cist soldiers may fight next war in •
less. in causes of death. cheese-cloth.
WANTED, IN V E N T O R : L et
• •
• someone invent a knife for peeling
CONFIDENTIALLY S K U N K S : BABIES: Nursery schools spread­ water chestnuts quickly, and this Chi­
FACES: New streamlined five-cent ing rapidly over world as govts take
Skunks help man in their own way, nese vegetable could become a popu­
piece w ill h ave Jefferson on it, but increasing interest in growing cannon
destroying thousands of alfalfa wee­ lar green in U. S.
whose face is on the $10,000 bill? fodder. Even in U. S.— WPA is bldg
vils and other pests. •
• • nurseries.
MONGOLS: Their greeting is not
HEALTH: Among chronic & prob JUNE BUSINESS: To June brides: “ hy’a kid?” but “ What is there that
infectious diseases, rheumatic fever is Dr. Ellsworth Huntington (Yale) de­ CUSS EXPERTS: John Garner,
is strange and beautiful?” For “ O. K .”
3rd as cause of death, surpassed only duces from research that meteorolog­ Cordell Hull, Fiorello La Guardia, Ar­
they have: “ Everything is fair and
by TB & syphilis. Infantile paralysis ical, physiological and other condi­ turo Toscanini.
• peaceful.” The Mongols are not yet
is rare in co m p a ris o n . How far has tions make late weeks of Feb. and entirely civilized.
enormous publicity given to i p, which early weeks of March best time for ESTHETE: At stag hunt, war vet­ •
has done much g o o d there, delayed babies to be born in U. S. eran Anthony Eden refused to shoot
GLASS SNOW: Glass wool blan­
recognition of the r f problem? • at the stag the dogs ran for him be­
kets resembling snow are made for
• cause it was “ too beautiful.”
HAY FEVER: A Neptune, N. J., • covering rock gardens in winter, plant
BUSY NAZIS: Foreign intelligence plumber has invented a hay fever protection completely fooling the
agents reported to their government TIN TS: One color mfg plant in
mask that looks like a football nose plants.
that strikes and unrest in vital French U. S. makes about 700 new colors a •
guard.
industries are being prom oted with year.
• PROGRESS: I f Americans had
German money. Nazis want French INVASION: General Electric now had sense of ancient Incas of Peru,
government to be too unsettled to take HEALTH: 60% of mentally ill in
has 41 foreign subsidiaries, controls U. S. would be better off. Incas re­
decisive action on German moves in Amer. hospitals go home well and
12 light & power companies in British quired every man who cut down a
Czechoslovakia. able to live normal lives; must get
Isles. tree to plant a new one.
• • proper treatment early.
• •
SWEETS: In studying world nutri­ STATIC: Ernest Hun:, English
tion problems the Health Organization C AT-FIGH T: Portugal is bullying OPEN LETTERS OPENLY AR­
nurseryman, has scheme for utilizing
of the League of Nations is so bothered Iceland to buy her wine on threat of RIVED A T : To Al Smith, president,
static electricity captured from at­
at the vast amounts of sugar downed refusing to buy Iceland’s fish. Empire State Bldg— Well, you old po­
mosphere to fertilize plants; attract­
that it promises to make a special study • tato you, what do you think of the
ing attention of physicists.
PRISON PRESS: 103 prison jour­ godless Bolshies putting up a Palace
of it. Seems that sugar is an energy •
food, and too much of it cuts out con­ nals now published by inmates, half of L a b o r that will top the E m p ire
SUGAR: Sorbose, rare sugar use­ State?
sumption of other more impt energy of them started between 1932-1936.
ful in making synthetic vitamin C, To newspaper c o r r e s p o n d e n ts ,
foods. But, no denying that in some •
recently cost $500 a lb., now pro­ Hollywood— T h ere are 400 of you,
places sugar is still a luxury, the un­ duced for 75c. SAGE: Anonymous adviser who
even distribution doesn’t alter the basic sending out 80,000 words a day. Write
• calls himself “ Sage Brush” has for
trouble: which is that advertising has the truth and studios are closed to
AUTO: Four out of five motor two years been writing a weekly let­
done too good a job in sugar. you, and your paper hires someone
vehicle accidents occur on dry roads ter circulating to all senators and
who won’t offend. That yours is a lousy
• in clear weather. representatives, gets many responses
job is suggested by fa c t that about
BULL (JOHN) : Authors’ represen­ • from the Hill. His stuff is far better
380 of you plus 2 score or so publicity
tatives here report receipt of numer­ SHOOTS: Not unusual for girls than that of most columnists.
hacks keep on writing articles expos­
ous MSS from E n g lish writers who 13 & 14 yrs old to gain as much as •
ing the racket and your own ignomin­
say their meaty stuff is being turned six inches in height, 20 lbs in weight, BOOZE: “ Drunken Pedestrians
ious position, and try to sell them to
dow n b e ca u se B ritis h officialdom in those yrs. Rank above Drivers in Traffic Toll magazines to be run anonymously.
frowns upon certain subjects as “ con­ • Sum” is headline, as traffic outside Can’t you organize to compel your
trary to public interest.” Getting time FOOD: Boom coming in frosted and inside WCTU headquarters in­ own publishers to defend freedom of
to strike United Kingdom off list of foods. New exotic fruits frozen on creases on account of prospective press in Hollywood?
“ democracies?” spot will be shipped in from tropics, new prohibition drive. Inevitable that To Sec’y Wallace— Why are North
• good news for lovers of the papaya. tavern hogs taking too much aboard Carolina textile mills importing cotton
W A R : Amer. foreign correspondent • will bring about new reaction. from India? (One shipment reported
reporting from Europe that contrary FIRE: One fact causes arrest of • to total 12,000 bales.)
to feeling in U. S. Europeans feel they most pyromaniacs, who are the most S Q U E E Z E -P L A Y : “ P ressu re To Mrs. Andrew Carnegie— Why
are far from war, reminds that after difficult of all criminals to detect: groups (lobbies) hold the key to the not spend some of those millions car­
Austrian crown prince was bumped off they can’t resist watching the fires future of democratic governmental rying on for your husband? Half of
at Sarajevo, ministers w ent back to they start. processes in U. S.” America’s p o p u la tio n still have no
their vacations with idea that trouble • • public libraries in reach. In smaller
was over. BLUE M ONDAY: Can be achieved FORECAST: Thousands of drama communities and rural districts over
•
by anyone who reads Monday N. Y. courses in hundreds of American col­ vast areas, where they’re needed most,
AUTO: Speeders might remember Times reports of Sunday’s sermons. leges and universities will not create libraries simply don’t exist.
an auto consumes five times as much • an American theatre or audience this To Richard E. Byrd— Why do you
oil when it travels 52 miles an hr as year, or next, or in ten years. insist on wearing all that gold braid
?-B O X : One keeps hearing of half-
when it travels 33. •
baked radicals. Ever hear of a full or when you’re only an honorary rear ad­
• whole-baked one? EGG-SCRATCH: Finicky people miral?
M ISTAK E: Make note on Nov. • who objected to vaccination vs. small­ To L o n d o n correspondents— Has
page of calendar pad that “ Feed a TAKE NO THOUGHT OF THE pox because vaccine was prepared C.A.L. gone through the formality of
cold and starve a fever” means oppo­ M ORROW : Life insurance in U. S. from animals should pipe down now registering his son, Land, at the con­
site of what it seems to mean: “ If now in effect— $107 billions— exceeds that it can be prepared from hen eggs. sulate as an American citizen? •
8 fa n

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J u n e 16, 7938 9

a printer; she a former lady of the believes herself fortunate. It neither

TOMORROW THE WORLD IS OURS Junker class. They have lost heavily
by National Socialism. He lowers his
makes much difference to her that
every man getting on the bus shoves
voice, furtively: her in the ribs so that he may sit
“ We are C a th o lic s but we are first, nor that she makes IS marks
afraid to believe.” a week. That is about $7.50 in a
Once he had a beautiful Kaiser country where any sort of a meal that
mustache. Now it is pruned to a Hit­ the average German eats costs about
ler smear across his upper lip. In his two marks or 80c.
coat lapel he wears a Nazi button. She needs many things, but even a
“ This cannot last,” he breathes. foreigner whose travel reichsmarks
You are trying to buy an English cost him but 25c, doesn’t buy any­
newspaper in Dresden. A man sidles thing but bare necessities in Germany.
up to you and soon you are sitting She buys less than that— but her eyes
with him in a cafe. He, also, will soon shine with the goodness of things to
be in Italy. On a holiday. Why Italy? come.
“ I want to breathe some free air,” That husky, blond Nazi you see
he whispers. For the first time in your strolling dow n Kurfurstendamm in
life you realize how relative the word Berlin with his wife and three chil­
freedom can be. dren doesn’t belong on that street of
Pictures of H itle r and Goering cafes. A man who has five mouths to
have replaced God and Christ as the feed and makes $10 a week has no
G e r m a n m o t h e r , bony ha n d a r o u n d h e r c h il d , w a i t s — symbols of the new Germanic faith. business sitting down in a cafe where
You sit in a cafe with a group, in­ it will cost him at least a mark.
cluding a German girl. Someone asks He isn’t much concerned. His rent
is about $9 a month. He gets a reduc­
But to d a y there is no laughter in why Hitler doesn’t take a wife, as
tion in taxes because he has three
that sort of subject would be bound
G e rm a n y . There are o n ly smiles to come up. The German girl is in­ children, and soon he will have an­
credibly shocked. other child and get a further tax re­
of d isd a in , contem pt, conceit and “ I shudder to think,” and she shud­ duction and a slight boost in wages.
ders a w e s o m e ly , “ o f any woman He knows he is a notch in the Nazi
s tra in . T here is no h u m ility, no thinking of herself as a physical be­ wheel. But he has implicit faith that
ing worthy of being with the Fuehrer. the wheel is carrying Germany— and
p ity, not much m ercy. There is an himself— to a new destiny.
It is sacrilegious to mention it !”
odd so rt of h o n o r, a n a m a zin g You look into the ey es of that One day, too, he will have an auto
young storm tr o o p e r standing his and radio. Didn’t Hitler say that
c h e s t - t h r u s t in g , b u r g e o n in g four-hour trick in front of a govern­ every family must have both? Wasn’t
ment building in Wilhemstrasse. You the g o v e rn m e n t starting to make
courage and an astonishing ego­ see in those enraptured eyes the mys­ them cheap enough for the common
ticism that will one day metamor­ workman to own? Soon there would
tism. But there is no w ill p o w er, phose Hitler into the god of the Ger­ be cheaper fuel, not made of oil, but
another ersatz. Ho-hum, there were
nor need there be in a nation that mans and Goering into his prime dis­
so many substitutions now, one more
ciple.
k n o w s but one m an’s w ill. In the eyes of millions of youths wouldn’t make much difference.
like him, in the grey-green uniforms His “ wool” scarf is made of fish.
of conscripted soldiers, in the bright His suit is made of straw and wood.
BY CECIL B. BROWN green of labor-camp workers, in the The “ cork” caps on his beer bottles
b la ck sh irts o f th e Guard, there are made of potato peelings. The
burns an e lo q u e n t p le d g e to live gasoline used by the bus with those
ou unconsciously say: “ I ’m go­ shines. It rains and snows. There are for Nazism and to die for Hitler. screaming air brakes is made of
Y ing i n t o Germany" as though
there were a wall around. There is
books and papers, carousals and cin­
emas. The people have two feet, two
The German you pass in the street
may be a Catholic resenting persecu­
brown coal. His coffee is made of
ground and roasted corn. His bread
not one wall. There are three. All of arms, two eyes and no horns. They tion; he may be a soldier fearful of is made of corn. Soon there would
them are as solid and substantial as eat with a fork, converse in an intel­ being a pawn of Nazi demagogues; he be “ viking eggs,” which never saw a
a house of ice in the land of ephem­ ligible language. They ride in autos, maybe a farmerwanting only to be left hen but which were made of fish.
eral snows. It will melt, if summer have typewriters and don’t kick their alone, but he is by hypothesis a Nazi. He is allowed only a quarter of a
comes. I f summer comes. grandmothers in the sh in s. Or do Either he has found out, or will pound of butter a week, but he doesn’t
There is one wall, high, imposing they? learn all too soon that in an authori­ accept the privilege. He can’t afford
and b ru sq u e arou n d the frontier. There are great catalysts at work tarian state there is no room for two to. He loves oranges and bananas but
There is another around your own in Germany, on the soul, the mind opinions. The Catholic b ra v o s his they are scarce, poor and costly. His
eyes. There is a third encircling the and the stomach of the German. You bishop for daring to speak out— but children want chocolate, but it is out
hearts and minds of the citizen-vic­ see it in the eyes of the bus conduc­ the extent of his personal daring is of his pocketbook’s reach. The once
tims of the Third Reich. tors in Berlin, in the small merchant to hear these pulpit denunciations. famous pastries he ate before 1932
Nine years ago when Russia was in Cologne, in the puzzled artisan in Being obliged to work, the German now taste like tissue paper.
still a diplomatic outlaw I went into Dresden, in the farmer of the Elbe. for once in his life doesn’t need to Usually, he eats dumplings twice a
the Black Sea area. One W'ord then, Those forces are hunger for sub­ worry about a job. Fifty per cent of day. They lie heavy in his stomach
as now, described all the Russias. stance, a growing paganism, a vapid­ his friends are in a labor camp or in and convince him he can’t eat an­
That word was bayazna. It m eans ity of mind, a rubberized will and a the army. But that’s work, he says, other morsel. He is like the burros of
dread or fear of the unknown. The certainty that the G erm an is the and proudly adds that in all his coun­ Northern Africa, fed date pits by the
effect of that word zooms and whips, chosen people of Wotan, a being su­ try only the physically or racially dis­ Arabs for the same purpose.
cows and crushes, la sh es and cuts perior to God. abled are jobless. This year he will get a holiday
across Germany from hustling Ham­ They are vastly important influ­ He is busy, even though he gets from the Strength Through Joy move­
burg to medieval Munich, from the ences. You quickly see that in them, something less than a starvation wage ment. Nine million got them last year.
Wotanized Wilhemstrasse to bucolic not in armaments, or in the Drang and about the same as on the dole. His friend Fritz was sent to Naples,
Berchtesgaden. nach Osten, or in the determination Finances alone don’t rule that policy. all expenses paid. Maybe even Sicily.
As in entering Russia, you open a for colonies, or in the extension of The busy, hungry man has time only He even knows a bank clerk who was
door into Germany and step from the the Nazi Comintern, lie the roots of to think of his work and his stomach. sent to Libia. Of course, he doesn’t
Paradise of France, E n g la n d , the the next war. That terribly plain typist, with ar­ like the Italians, but they are Hitler’s
United States— or the Black Hole of You are riding from Cologne to tificial silk dress, cotton stockings, a friends now and you can’t despise Hit­
Calcutta— into Hell. Berlin. An elderly couple comes into “ wool” coat made of wood-fiber and ler’s friends.
What makes it a Hell? The sun your compartment near Essen. He is carrying an imitation leather purse But he doesn’t wish too hard for
70

anything— a, car, a choice piece of try, and its finances are a tricky affair.
meat, a vacation abroad. There are Germany is a huge bowl and the
no such things as individual wishes in money spins in it like a dozen eggs
Germany. There are only hopes— and whipped by a giant electric mixer.
bleak resignations. None sprays over the side, but the
mixer whirls faster and faster.
f you go to the out-of-the-way res­ The same money is passing around
I taurants, where the poorer people
eat, you get eggs which taste of fish,
at a maddening rate. Its volume in
Germany since 1929 increased only
and wrhy not? The chickens are fed 10% ; in Great Britain and France
fish, nothing so precious as grain these the increase averaged 33% and in the
days. You get butter that never saw a United States 42%.
churn. You get milk which would “ Why should I save money,” the
make an African cow blush with German says, “ even if I could lay
shame for the bovine family. You get aside a few marks a week. I get taxed
an incredible amount of cabbage and out of it.”
potatoes. So the German lives to the hilt, and
There is much spaghetti to be had, the hilt reaches up to the knees of a
though. You sit in a restaurant watch­ grasshopper.
ing a German soldier struggling with Yet, with this quixotic attitude
the long strands. By now, that soldier toward money, the average German
should be more proficient. For six laughs at talk of collapse.
months he was in Spain with the Ital­ He has no better and no worse idea
ians, whom he cordially hated and than the American, Englishman or
suffered the reciprocation. Frenchman what a collapse is. Or a
There are more uniforms per square financial crisis for that matter. Or a
foot in Berlin than there are rabbits catastrophe. A German who has been
in Australia. The school children wear through the “ turnip” winter of 1917,
them, the Jungvolk, the Jugetid, the the “ collapse” of 1919-23 when he
newspaper vendors, the girls and boys used a billion marks to light a ciga­
labor corps. There are black uniforms, rette, or the “ smash” of 1931 when
grey uniforms, green uniforms and loan payments were suspended, looks
tan uniforms, all adorned with the at you blankly when you ask if Ger­
swastika of course. Nobody wants to many is on the verge of a “ collapse.”
think. They all want to wear a uni­ Especially the German knows that
form and be told when and how. countries don’t collapse. They simply
It is a serious problem, too, what have stringent times when great so­
with the best brains “ liquidated,” as cial and economic changes take place,
they coyly say in Russia, from the new regimes come in and there is a
world of accomplishment, and every­ redistribution of wealth.
one itching to march in step and hold
a rifle. t is almost impossible to get a
Out of 18,200 university graduates I smile out of the businessman. He
in the country, 10,000 of them said has much less freedom than a polar
recently they intended going into the bear in a zoo and is watched as
army. This report was intended to closely. He cannot go out and buy a
show how much everyone loves mili­ pound of wrapping paper without gov­
tarism. It succeeded in that, but the ernment approval. He cannot raise or
real import was that there are enough reduce wages, can’t float new loans
men for brawn and battle, but fewer without the Reichsbank’s approval.
and fewer for brain work. The Nazis tell you they have no
Every German boasts to you of his intention of nationalizing industry.
army. He should. In two to four years They call the present plan “ leading,
it will be the strongest in the world. not controlling industry.” When a
They used to say that Prussia is businessman is told when he can order
not a country which has an army but a pound of twine, and from whom, or
an army which has a country. The reduce wages, or borrow money, or
German makes no bones about admit­ what he shall do with the very last
ting that this is a cardinal and lauda­ cent of his profits, his business is na­
tory Nazi aim. tionalized.
Gossip, endless gossip, in a country But if you ask six businessmen if
fissured incessantly with rumor, tells they are contented, all six will say,
him many strange things about the “ perfectly.”
army though— how the soldiers hated He would kind of like to know,
to go to Spain, detested the Italians, though, how much the government is
think them strutting dummies of sol­ spending. He can’t find out, because
diers; that every soldier, not merely Germany is the only country in the
the conscripts, abhor the Nazi perse­ world which does not issue figures on
cution of the Catholics, are indiffer­ its expenses.
ent to the attacks on the Jews, and Anything G oes was an excellent
will resent political control of himself name for a musical comedy. It is also
as a soldier. But your informant says: excellent as a cardinal rule in the end­
“ Our army will always be loyal to less repertoire of Nazi brutality.
the Fuehrer. He stands for Germany No more heinous than Der Stur-
and the soldier is faithful to his coun­ mer, is Dr. Robert Ley’s labor camp
try.” “ matrimonial bureau.” He deliber­
ately places the boys and girls labor
can’t be so poor, visitors
ermany camps in close proximity. Liberties
G say, when the cafes, restaurants,
cinemas and theaters are so crowded.
are arranged so as to allow nature to
take its course. Naturally, an issue re­
But then Germany is a peculiar coun­ sults. The boy is shamed into marry-
Ju ne 16, 7938 11

ing the girl, or terrorized into it, and number of sows bred and a 42% slip hend it. He sees a powerful army be­ war and vowed they would fight for
is offered the additional bait of a two in the number of young sows. hind him. Roads being laid down and China and defend their provinces to
weeks’ holiday with expenses paid. “ Well,” he says shortly, “ let ’em buildings shooting up. Competition of the best of their abilities.
Since mercy is eliminated in Ger­ eat potatoes.” the Jews eliminated. A constant In spite of this seeming unity, Chi­
many, love has little place in choosing They will too. There may be mal­ quickening of the pulse from the hy­ ang still hesitated.
a wife. As in Italy, the slogan is: “ We nutrition, but their stomachs will be podermic of the clever Goebbels that But even -while Chiang hesitated,
want more babies, but make them full. Germany grows four times as makes him think he is individually re­ the trouble in the North grew, and
Aryan.” many potatoes as the United States. sponsible for this rebirth. He reads Japanese demands became more un­
You search the faces of women in The industrial and intellectual Ger­ how all the world fears Germany. He reasonable. It was then, on the fourth
Berlin, one of the great capitals of man, for all his hardships— he’s had sees 200 million people allied into a of August, that the “ Christian Gen­
the world, for a pretty woman. You those before-— has tremendous pride Berlin-Rome-Tokyo agreement. eral,” Feng Yu Hsiang, se co n d in
scan the faces in cafes in Munich, in in the Third Reich. He sees rearmed Hungary, Ruma­ popularity only to the Generalissimo,
Hanover, in any city. They are drab, “ Why shouldn’t I be proud,” he nia, Jugoslavia, Poland, Greece drift­ drew his gun and, handing it to Chi­
expressionless, peering out from under demands belligerently, “ I live in a ing away from “ hated democratic gov­ ang, said dramatically:
an antiquated hat, made even uglier reborn country.” ernment” to totalitarianism. He sees “ If you are not going to fight the
by a remarkably unmodish coat. He feels the surge of great events, Czechoslovakia boiling toward civil Japanese this time, kill me now.”
The faces of the girls are red­ great activity, even if he is such a . war. He sees Austria and Danzig safe­ General Pei, another popular and
cheeked, round, healthy, bovine. They minute part of it and doesn’t compre--^ ly tucked away on the Nazi shelf. • influential figure, took a stand as defi­
dare not use cosmetics. Their hands nite (if not so spectacular) as that of
are rough, thick, masculine. They’ve the “ Christian General,” and at length
served their “ sentence” in a labor it was agreed upon to resist Japan.
Anticipating that the Japanese would
camp— and they loved it.
Soon there will not be a pretty E Y E S ON C H I A N G K A I - S H E K retaliate by trying to take Shanghai,
the meeting broke up with the under­
hand left in all Germany.
To halt this onrush to unhandsome­ standing that troops would be sent to
ness, now every girl between 18 and that city at once.
21 jo in s the “ Work, B e a u ty and But, a jew hours after that meet­
Faith” movement. She is to become ing, and before C h ian g’ s c e n tr a l
beautiful, without cosmetics, by phys­ troops had e v e n s ta r te d to move,
ical culture and rhythmic dancing. Japan instructed her nationals to evac­
uate China, and even petitioned the
here is not much to make the Chinese Government to guarantee the
T German laugh or think too
deeply. Some smile now as they read
safety of her refugees. Why? The re­
sults of that meeting were secret; in
their tirading newspapers, as full of fact orders had been given to all offi­
life as a discarded mattress. The cin­ cials concerned to continue their ne­
emas exude propaganda. Mein Kampf, g o tia tio n s with the Japanese, and
Hitler’s bible for the German people, endeavor to prevent further develop­
is required reading and the consistent ments in the conflict. Yet Japan’s ac­
best seller. All the fatuous books of tion came immediately after Chiang’s
America and England which portray decision to fight was made. China, as
the spinelessness of those nations, ex­ yet, had made no move. Was this co­
hibit their decadence, or condemn incidence?
them, are translated.
Hemmed b y tra ito rs, Chiang weeps — and s h o o ts When Chiang Kai-shek learned of
The average German likes Goer- the Jap an ese tro o p s pouring into
ing, for all his grandiose titles and Shanghai, his first step was to have a
flamboyant uniforms. He delights in B e fo re th e w a r w a s h o u rs o ld , boom laid, across the Yangtze River.
telling jokes on “ the fat fellow's” lion Anticipating the possibility of an at­
cubs, his outrageous temper. The man C h ian g ’s most secret p lans w ere tack on Nanking from this River, he
in the street hates Goebbels, and fears planned his b lo c k a d e at Kiangyin,
Dr. Rosenberg. Even the secret anti-
k n o w n to th e J a p s . A g a in a n d halfway between the two cities.
On August 12, Chiang received
Nazi admits that “ Goering is prob­ ag ain Ja p actions show ed fo re ­ word of the first clash in Shanghai,
ably the real patriot o f the bunch.”
The farmer is the true peasant. He k n o w le d g e o f C h ia n g ’s m o v e ­ and he issued orders to speed up the
loves and wants his land and his work on the boom and close it at
cattle. Like the urban dweller, he m e n ts a n d s t r a t a g e m s , a s d is ­ seven o’clock that same night. Such a
feels the continual strain on life, but move would cut off about 20 Japanese
it was always so. He shrugs his
cussed and decided with his most ships, including five gunboats, loiter­
shoulders wThen you tell him the meat ing in waters below Nanking. His plan
tru ste d le a d e r s . T h is e x p la in s was to seize these vessels and convert
tastes bad.
“ What am I to do?” he demands m any m ysterious incidents, and them to his own use.
sourly. “ They are always in such a But, in less than an hour after this
hurry. They don’t let it hang long m a k e s C h in a ’s a p p a r e n t " s p y decision was made, all Japanese ships
in that v ic in ity were racing down
enough.”
co m p lex” fully und erstan d ab le. river, and had reached safety before
He considers it a personal tragedy
the boom was closed.
that the Nazis tell Nature how to run
Was this another coincidence?
her business. Instead of saving cattle
for breeding, he has been forced to
BY IRIS BRANN
he trouble in the North continued
fatten them for early slaughter. He
knows that this year there will be a
T to grow, and hostilities in Shang­
hai looked ugly. Chiang finally ar­
hen in July, 1937, the Marco should be taken in regard to the situ­
great shortage of pigs because in 1937
he had to kill almost his entire stock.
W Polo Bridge incident occurred
(the incident from which grew the
ation in the North, Chiang summoned
the Governors of the Northern and
ranged a special meeting with one of
the commanding officers of the Shang­
“ Berlin said they needed the meat,” hai Troops, General Tseng, and Shang­
present Sino-Japanese conflict) Chiang Coastal Provinces to a conference.
the farmer groans, “ and anyway we Kai-shek dispatched provincial troops hai’s Mayor, 0 . K. Yui. Realizing that
The result of that conference was
didn’t have food for them last year.” from Honan and Shensi to the North, unexpected, but gratifying. They all his e v e ry m ove was w a tch e d , he
He has seen his farm ravaged by but he hoped, actually, to settle the (including Generals Han Fu Chu and planned to make the trip to Shanghai
a policy of self-sufficiency just as trouble through diplomatic channels. Yuen Sih Shan, Governors of Shan­ incognito, and the meeting was sched­
surely as he, as a young man in grey China, he realized, was not yet ready tung and Shansi Provinces who, in uled to take place at one p.m., August
uniform, helped to ravage Belgium. to fight. case of armed resistance, would have 23, in a private room of Sincere Com­
He has seen a 22% decline in the So b e fo r e d e c id in g what steps to give and take initial blows) favored pany’s restaurant. Sincere Company is
72

a department store located on Nan­ hourly. The Japanese offered, as a

king Road, in Shanghai’s International
Settlement.
preliminary excuse for this outrage,
that their pilots had been unable to
CZECHOSLOVAKIA IS N E X T
Because of the importance of the see the Union Jack on the Ambassa­
occasion, and the hazards connected dor’s cars.
with making such a trip at this time, However, when it was proved that M iddle Europe’s sp y -sa tu ra te d
Chiang let his plans be known only to the flags were discernible from the al­
a few of his intimates. Shortly before titude of the planes, they admitted a
d e m o c r a c y , f e a r in g to e x p e l
his scheduled departure from Nan­ part of the truth. They had believed sw arm ing G estapo ag en ts, p re ­
king, however, he changed his mind the cars to be carrying “ Chinese Offi­
and postponed the meeting. Pressing cials,” who sought protection under a p ares g rim ly for in v a sio n ,c o u n t­
matters required his presence in the foreign flag.
Capital. That admission was enough for Chi­ ing on Russian and French aid
He had cause, later, to be grateful ang Kai-shek. One or more of his own
to those “ pressing matters” which had men were advising the Japanese of his
w hen Second W orld W a r begins.
upset his plans. At the very hour when every move and plan. And so, with a
the Generalissimo was to dine with war on his hands as desperate as any
Yui and G en era l Tseng in Sincere China has ever seen, the Generalissimo
Company, that building was blasted, waged a second war against traitors!
repeatedly, by unidentified shells.
The world was horrified at this, the trapped in China at the
o r e ig n e r s ,

third incident in Shanghai's Interna­

tional Settlement wrecking havoc and
F outbreak of hostilities, are inclined
to believe China is obsessed with a
claiming hundreds of lives, but it was “ spy complex,” and is carrying it to
eventually passed off as “ another re­ extremes. Most of them are ignorant
grettable accident.” of the events leading up to it, and
Few people knew that the shells, cannot, therefore, realize the serious­
which all but demolished Sincere Com­ ness of Chiang Kai-shek’s position.
pany, were, in all likelihood, intended The Generalissimo, acting on his
for Chiang Kai-shek— but then, few convictions after the shooting of the
people knew that Chiang Kai-shek had British Ambassador, started a wide­
any thought of being in Shanghai at spread “ clean-up,” and first in that
that particular time. clean-up came th o se w hom he had
But Chiang Kai-shek knew! Why most trusted. It is safe to say that at
were heavy artillery shells dropped in least ten of his officials were shot,
this one spot, away from the actual including his number-one secretary.
fighting, if they had not been meant Following this, word to “ look out
for him? Had his change in plans for traitors” was issued far and wide. A r n o O e r t e l , G e s t a p o a g e n t , c a r r ie s c y a n id e p e l l e t
come too late to be relayed to some Hundreds of innocent Chinese were
enemy lying in wait for him in Shang­ thrown into jail for reasons that, to
hai? the fo r e ig n mind, were ridiculous.
Wary now, and suspicious, Chiang The picking o f teeth in public became ic h t e r , the Gestapo district chief tion, we’ll request your extradition on
waited for an opportune time to make a dangerous act. Chinese authorities R at Bischofswerda on the Czecho­
slovak-German frontier, handed Arno
a criminal charge— b u rg la ry with
arms, attempted murder,— some non­
his trip to Shanghai. On August 24th, asked:
this opportunity presented itself. He “ Why should a man pick his teeth, Oertel, alias Harald Half, a German political crime. W e’ve got a treaty
was informed that Sir Hugh Knatch- if he have no chow before him?” passport. with Czechoslovakia to extradite Ger­
bull-Hugessen, the British Ambassa­ “ Proceed to Prague, lose yourself in mans accused of criminal acts but— ”
It might be a way of signaling, they
dor, would start for Shanghai by car the big city. As soon as it’s safe, go The Gestapo chief opened the top
reasoned.
on August 26. The British Embassy to Langenau near Bohemisch-Leipa. drawer of his desk and took out of
Chinese possessing large flashlights
had contacted both the Chinese and Report to Frau Anna Suchy (member a little box a small capsule the size
were jailed. With those flashlights it
Japanese authorities, notifying them of the ‘Deutsches Volksbund,’ Kon­ of a little fingernail. “ If you find
would be possible to signal Japanese
of Sir Hugh’s intended trip in order rad Henlein’s cultural organization). yourself in an utterly hopeless situa­
planes at night.
to insure his safety. She will give y o u fu r th e r instruc­ tion, swallow this.” He handed the
Chinese, and even foreigners, known
Chiang decided to follow Sir Hugh’s tions.” pellet to the n e rv o u s y o u n g man
to have been friendly with any Japa­
party through to Shanghai, but kept Oertel nodded, his thin, white face whose face turned white as he ac­
nese, prior to hostilities, were studi­
set nervously for this first important cepted it.
his plans as quiet as possible. In the ously watched.
wake of the British Ambassador’s car, espionage job sin ce the 25-year-old “ Cyanide,” the Gestapo chief ex­
One foreign doctor in a provincial
s e c r e t a g en t finished his intensive plained drily. “ Tie it up in a knot in
he believed he would be reasonably town was put in jail for having in his
secure. course in the special Gestapo train­ your handkerchief which will not be
possession a new electrical machine
ing school in Zossen (Brandenburg). taken from you if you are arrested.
Everyone knows what followed. As for treatments in his office. The Chi­
This is one of the many schools estab­ There is always an opportunity while
they approached Shanghai, two Japa­ nese did not understand the workings
lished by the Gestapo to train secret being searched to take it.”
nese planes attacked the cars in which of this machine, but suspected it might
agents for various activities. Oertel obediently tied the pellet in
the British Ambassador and his party be an apparatus for communicating
Following his graduation Oertel was a corner of his h a n d k e r c h ie f and
were traveling, and Sir Hugh was seri­ with the Japanese, during air-raids.
given minor practical work again st placed it in his breast pocket.
ously wounded. An English salesm an was jailed,
politically disruptive activities of anti­ “ You are to make two reports,”
Chiang, in the m ea n tim e, had simply because he was traveling on
fascist organizations across the Czech Richter re p e a te d coldly. “ One for
started for Shanghai about the same Company business. The Chinese did
border where he posed as a German Frau Suchy, the other for the contact
time Sir Hugh started, but he went not see why anyone would want to
only as far as the Nanking City Gates. emigre. He showed such aptitude that in Prague. She’ll get you in touch
travel while a war was going on, and
There he turned back, not to his offi­ although the salesm an had papers his Gestapo chief, Geissler, at sector with him.”
cial home, but to one of his subur­ proving his identity and business, he headquarters in Dresden, sent him to Anna Suchy, G e s ta p o agen t in
ban residences— and waited. was jailed anyway. Czechoslovakia on a special mission. Czechoslovakia, gave Oertel specific
He did not have to wait long. Word P erh ap s they are over-doing this Oertel hesitated, then said: orders. “ On August 16, [1937] at five
came through, a short time later, that business of arresting and jailing peo­ “ Naturally I’ll take all possible pre­ in the afternoon, you will be sitting on
the Ambassador and his party, al­ ple as spies, and it is likely that they cautions but— a c c id e n ts may hap­ a bench near the fountain in Karls-
though v ir t u a lly guaranteed safety, realize this. Nevertheless, to Chiang pen— .” platz Park in Prague. A man dressed
had been attacked by the Japanese, Kai-shek, it is better to shoot 200 The Gestapo chief Richter, who has in a gray suit, gray hat, with a blue
and the Ambassador himself shot. innocent people engaged in a desper­ a reputation for ruthlessness, nodded handkerchief showing from the breast
The Generalissimo’s suspicions of ate struggle involving the life and lib­ heavily. “ I f caught and arrested, de­ pocket of his coat will ask you for a
treachery among those nearest to him erty of 400 million, than to leave one mand to see the German consul im­ light for his cigarette. Give him the
were b ein g su b s ta n tia te d almost traitor at large. • mediately. If you are in a bad posi­ light, accept a cigarette from the gen­
(Pictures on Pages 39-41)
Ju ne 16, 7938 13

tleman. This man will give detailed leads an amateur orchestra group giv­ ally the chief of the Gestapo work in With Standarte II active now along
instructions on what to do and how ing free concerts for German emigres. Prague. His assistant, Hermann Dorn, the southern Bohemian b o rd e r and
to meet the Prague contact to whom On his clerical recommendation, he living in Hanspaulka-Dejvice, is sup­ Henlein in charge along the northern
in turn you will report.” got G erm an “ emigre” women into posed to be representing the Mnench- border, the Nazis are carrying on a
At the appointed hour, Oertel sat England as house servants for British ner Illustriete Zeitung. constant series of provocative acts
on a bench staring at the fountain, government officials and army officers. To achieve Berlin’s aims, Henlein irritating to the C zech authorities.
watching men and women strolling carries on an intensive publicity cam­ They stand ready upon orders to cre­
and chatting cheerfully on the way to he far-flung Gestapo network in paign. Though less than one-third of ate a situation which will compel the
meet friends for late afternoon coffee.
Occasionally he looked at the after­
T Czechoslovakia, especially along
the border and in Prague reaches into
the Germans in Czechoslovakia are
members of the Sudeten Deutsches
government to take action, perhaps
by force. T h e re u p o n , Hitler will
noon papers lying on the bench be­ all branches of the government, the Partei, Henlein claims to represent a have the o p p o r tu n ity to denounce
side him. Oertel felt that he was being military forces and emigre anti-fascist majority. But even his figure of 800,- “ terrorism and oppression o f German
watched but he saw none in a gray groups. The country is honeycombed 000 members means little as at least minorities” and to use force to defend
suit with a blue handkerchief. He with Gestapo agents sent from Ger­ as many Germans are bitterly opposed “ German blood.”
wiped his forehead with his handker­ many with false passports or smug­ to Nazis in the Sudeten areas. On The mobilization of great numbers
chief, partly because of the heat, part­ gled acros the border and aided by May Day of this year Henlein ad­ of soldiers along the Czech border in
ly from nervousness. As he held the Henlein a d h e re n ts. Often they use dressed 25,000 followers while at the Germany would promptly bring the
handkerchief, he could feel the tightly- Czech citizens with relatives in Ger­ same time a short distance away 20,- mobilization of several countries for
bound capsule which was the penalty many upon whom pressure is put. The 000 anti-Nazis met to resist the Hen­ war, so Germany is following different
for a mistake. work of these agents consists not only lein program. Henlein’s membership tactics with the same caution she used
Precisely at five he noticed a man in ferreting military information re­ lists are swelled by terrorism used on when secretly arming herself for the
in a gray suit with a gray hat and a garding Czech defense measures and workers and farmers opposed to the violation of the V e rs a ille s Treaty.
blue handkerchief in the breast pocket establishing contacts with Czech citi­ Sudeten leader. They are threatened, Along the border in Silesia and Sax­
of his coat, strolling along leisurely. zens for permanent espionage, but the beaten, fired from jobs by fa c t o r y ony a new m ilita r y organization of
As the stranger approached, he fum­ equally important assignment of dis­ owners and managers who are sympa­ 11,000 members co m p o se d of vet­
bled in his pockets, took out a pack­ rupting anti-fascist groups, of creating thetic with Henlein. Many affidavits erans over military duty age has been
age of c ig a r e t te s , s e le c t e d one, opposition w ith in organizations of collected from Germans in the Sude­ formed as a “ frontier guard.” This
searched his pockets for a light. Oertel large membership, in order to disin­ ten area showing how the terrorist guard, systematically organized under
waited tensely. The man stopped be­ tegrate them. They also make reports campaign works have been sent to army supervision throughout 1937, is
fore him, doffed his hat politely and on public opinion and attitudes, and Chamberlain in the hope of convinc­ prepared to o p e ra te on a wartime
smilingly asked for a light. Oertel o f­ record carefully the names and ad­ ing him that the Nazi charges of “ op­ basis. Another guard has been organ­
fered his lighter. The man, with the dresses of those known for anti-fascist pression” are not based on actuality. ized this year. Reinforced by SA and
utmost politeness, offered a cigarette. work. Similar procedure followed in The object of Henlein’s activities SS troops, the frontier guard has been
Oertel invited the stranger to sit down. Austria before the invasion enabled and the outcry in the German press engaged in military maneuvers. Ma­
“ Report once a week,” the man the Nazis to make wholesale arrests is to create an impression in other neuvers for in fa n tr y la ste d four
said abruptly, puffing his cigarette and immediately on their arrival. countries that the Sudeten Germans weeks, machine gunners six weeks,
staring at two children playing in the Prague, with a German population are restless under Czech rule. While and artillery 13 weeks.
sunshine w h ich flooded Karlsplatz. of 60,000, is the headquarters for the these cries are going on, the Nazis Between February 3-9 alarm prac­
He stretched out his feet like a man astonishing network of e sp io n a g e , have established, under orders of the tice was given them in the frontier
relaxing after a hard day’s work. “ De­ propaganda and disruptive activities Berlin Gestapo, the headquarters of district o f Johanngeorgenstadt-Rit-
liver reports to Frau Suchy personal­ w h ich the G e s ta p o has built up “ Standarte II ” in the little Austrian tersgrun, with reinforcements of mo­
ly. One week she will come to Prague, throughout the country. The chief town of Freistadt, across from the torcycle troops armed with portable
the alternate week you go there. De­ place for espionage reports to cross Czech border. Standarte II member­ machine guns. In Bavaria the frontier
liver a copy of your report to the the frontier into Germany is through ship consists of carefully chosen gang­ guard holds rifle practice Saturdays
English m is s io n a r y , Vicar Robert Tetschen-Bodenbach. Propaganda and sters and gunmen plentifully supplied and Sundays.
Smith, who lives at 31 Karlsplatz.” espionage conducted by members of with dynamite bombs, a m m u n ition Since the Austrian invasion, reg­
Smith, to whom the unidentified the Henlein group are directed from and hand grenades for creating situa­ ular troops are slowly being shifted
man in the gray suit told Oertel to the h e a d q u a rte rs of the Sudeten tions along the border that will give with the utmost s e c r e c y in to the
report, is a minister of the Church of Deutsches Partei, 4 Hybernska St. the impression of great restlessness Bavarian area as well as into Austria.
Scotland in Prague, a British subject S e co n d a ry headquarters are estab­ and oppression on the part of Czech Along the once Austrian-Czech border
with influential connections not only lished in the Deutsche Hilfsverein, 7 authorities who try to suppress out­ there is an unusually heavy concen­
with English-speaking people but with Nekazanka St., headed by Emil Wall- breaks. Standarte II led the terrorist tration of troops. Along the southern
Czech goverment officials. Besides his ner, who is supposed to be represent­ campaign which culminated in the as­ Moravian border where there are no
ministerial work, the Reverend Smith ing the Leipzig Fair but who is actu­ sassination of Chancellor Dollfuss. mountain passes to make advance dif-

G e r m a n G e n e r a l S t a f f p la n s t o c u t C z e c h o s l o v a k i a in t w o th ro u g h in va sion o f M o r a v i a , u n p r o t e c t e d on e x - A u s tr ia n b o r d e r , thus t h w a r t Russia n a i d t o C z ech s.

74

ficult, over 300,000 troops have been inland along the southern Czech bor­
massed, commanded by General van der, touching Hungary and Rumania,
Bok, formerly commander, significant­ both fascist countries co-operating
ly, of the Saxon b o r d e r garrison. with the Nazis.
These troops are not needed in Aus­ From Furth in Bavaria the fortifi­
tria, even if the entire Austrian army cations line and troop concentrations
and people rose up in rebellion. Such established by the Nazis run through
a massing of troops and arms is ob­ Bernau, Tischenreuth and Selb to Hof
viously not a defensive measure. At in a northeastward direction. In the
the same time concentration of troops Harz Mountains the line turns, runs
is being carried out in the area be­ through Annaberg, Marienberg, Gott-
tween Poland and Czechoslovakia. It leuba, Konigeste, Neustadt and Ebers-
is apparent that the German General bach to Zittau. From Zittau the for­
Staff is planning a simultaneous march tifications are spaced more w id e ly
north and south through Moravia to apart with the mountain passes used
cut off Bohemia from other sections as bases for attack and to defend
of the new c o u n t r y . The distance German soil from counterattack by
across Czechoslovakia at this point is the Czech and Russian troops, should
a bare 100 miles with fairly good necessity arise.
K o n r a d H e n le in , H i t l e r ' s d i s c i p l e , g i v e s S u d e t e n s a lu t e in
p o s t e r s urg in g e le c t io n o f his c a n d i d a t e s t o C z e c h P a r lia m e n t .
roads, for which the Germans have On the Bernau-Tischenreuth-Hof
fleets of trucks. line the entire area is dotted with
Troops camouflaged as hikers were underground machine gun nests built
massed along the Saxon border May 20 feet deep. Each nest can accommo­
9. Eight trucks with 40 soldiers each date 120 men and vast stores of mu­
arrived at Oberwiesenthal, ch a n ged nitions. The nests are hidden by trees
uniforms to knickers and scattered and shrubbery and guarded with ex­
about the border territory to study treme care by specially picked Nazi
the topography. The “ hikers” were troops. In Silesia not only is the bor­
quartered in barracks and no one was der fortified, but the line of fortifica­
allowed nearer than a half-mile. The tions runs along the Oder River south­
“ hikers” were forbidden to speak to ward over Glogau and Breslau for pro­
inhabitants of the town about their tection in case a furious rush by the
activities. In early May Infantry Regi­ Czechs and their allies should back up
ments 84 and 108 arrived at Seifen the Germans into Nazi territory.
in the Harz Mountains, were quar­ Machine gun nests are eq u ip p e d
tered in a local factory and forbidden with the new air-cooled Mausers Nos.
to discuss the reason for the shift. 34 and 36, using smokeless powder,
In the latter part of April infantry planted to spit death at a speed of
troops arrived on the Silesian frontier 750 rounds a minute from the hill­
from B re sla u all dressed in sports sides, with no sign of the source. Be­
clothes and sent hiking in groups of hind these fortified areas the Germans
four to six. These disguised hikers have built series of extraordinary guns
T w o C z e c h p a t r i o t s , a c t i v e in fi g h t a g a i n s t H i t le r iz a t i o n o f
h o m ela n d , s h o t t o d e a th in th is c a r b y S t a n d a r t e I I t e r r o r i s t s . wandered around woods and streams. shooting accurately up to 40 miles.
Along the German and Polish bor­ The guns are constructed on the rocket
ders with their rugged country, mass principle with projectiles hurled by
troop movements are difficult in these rocket explosions. Their objective is
days of motorized a rm ie s, but the to break the morale of the Czechs by
southern Czech border is compara­ firing in to their cities, e s p e c ia lly
tively level. Should aid be sent by Prague. These long-range guns are in­
Russia as the result o f German in­ finitely more accurate than the 70-
vasion of Czechoslovakia, it would mile gun used during the World War
probably come most easily through to shoot into Paris. The big guns are
the corridor of less than a hundred erected on steel and concrete founda­
miles width that lies between Russia tions, and point toward Prague. I f the
and the tip of Carpathian Ruthenia, first push against the Czechs is un­
a part of Czechoslovakia— unless the successful and the Germans are held
Russians send troops with portable on the borders, the 40-mile guns can
machine guns d r o p p e d from plane blast away at the city, disrupting ur­
In v is ib le ink l e t t e r fr o m Nazi s p y d e v e l o p e d b y use o f c h lo r id e p a ra ch u te s as countless thousands ban life and making the inhabitants
o f iron on c o t t o n s w a b d i p p e d in w a t e r a n d b r u s h e d o v e r p a g e . have already been trained to do. feel that the Nazis are just outside
The Czech army is strongly organ­ the city limits.
ized, well-equipped, and rea d y to For the information o f the Czech
Hauptbtfch * Pol. 3
Komofco'rrentblatter fight. It is capable o f withstanding an Air Force, in case it doesn’t know,
K. N. ...4-* ...
onslaught for three weeks and a gen­ the 40-mile guns are concentrated on
Serrn S r Z t t r g p r rt<, K ,8r!inM3 <%&* r
Haben eral war for three months without the outskirts of Hoyerswroda, a trifle
P/e Usui Tig help. But Germany figures that the north of Bautzen. The batteries are
Czechs will get Russian help, which hidden in glades and forests heavily
i ses ! 4 SuftaaBiotfrar 22S<* -life
guarded by storm troopers. Ammuni­
• l» iiil/l - o © eo ■ may turn the tables. The General
'«ir. JS8/5 2 s a im : ;8 ZSch1006
. 9 : RtJfiJsMung VZSe* 9S'<
iS
pa.KArlBriPie 3c9 Tti)
: ft*?
•.SCsaBssc^sin
3 o ©>oo - »
as Stvttsf.*ri,Sla(!eae«o-
Staff is fearful of eventualities should tion for the big guns and the machine
>Cra<n*; auis , boat,- M&ch S 3
Germany fail to conquer quickly or gun nests is stored in Joachimstift
! ::«v. t* * . 4 s»$? », 0 3 ,Afi»aisiitig SeriJr. vi. sta rts task
| 2, . i 872
i | 8V«et eing 3®B**sr
> H its IS . !•. Z7\ at least cut the country in half by Castle near Niekrisch railroad station
>:Stir ,t 287/1 on the Breslau-Seidenberg line. The
a quick march across Moravia.
V &$4/3
s &e &c «
||g§|/§ if oc i Both sides of the Czech-German castle has large specially constructed
s 22 ^3) r.i-.rtnr-: !>«», cellars for storing munitions. Four
? ■$CiiM/Vi Zt.V, 3 0 v OfOG border in northern Bohemia and par­
t$r>r,J,a{BC.2cv'. i 30080,03
ti;w
•,K.«*s8ss<’><fia 698/7
• . 262/7"
ticularly in Moravia are among the anti-aircraft guns guard the castle.
world’s most strongly fortified areas.
Although army people will not talk azi espionage and propaganda
about such things, it is no secret that
the French military commission per­
N work within Czechoslovakia it­
self should have special interest for
manently stationed in Prague helped Am erican im m igration authorities,
O ne m on th 's b a n k e n t r i e s b y Nazi G o v e r n m e n t f o r H en le in 's in building a defense line better than since the United States, too, has a
r e p r e s e n t a t i v e in B erli n t o fin a n ce a n ti- C z e c h p r o p a g a n d a . the famous Maginot line for 30 miles steady flow of Gestapo agents. In il-
Ju n e 16. 193$ IS

lustration there is the case of Rudolf po agents is the position of stamps on

Walter Voigt, alias Walter Clas, alias the German passport. S tam ps are
Heinz Leonhard, alias Herbert Frank placed, in accordance with German
— names which he used throughout law, directly under the spot provided
Europe in his espionage work for the for them on the passport on the front
Gestapo. Voigt is in Prague today, sent page, upper right-hand corner. When­
there on a specially delicate mission to ever frontier immigration officials find
try to discover how the Czechs get to a passport with the stamps on the 8 EPASS
Spain to fight in the International cover facing the passport title page, it
Brigade, a mystery in Berlin now, be­ is a sign to Gestapo representatives ties PaSinhisfo.ers,.
cause such Czechs must cross Italy, and consulates that the bearer is an
Germany or other fascist countries agent who crossed the border hur­
which co-operate with the Gestapo. riedly without time to get the regular undseinerElwsfraa
Voigt was given Passport 1,128,236, numbers and letters from Gestapo
made out in the name of Walter Clas, headquarters. The agent is given this
and containing, at the top of the pass­ means of temporary identification by Eg winf htftmtif be'sdtfemkt, da8 tier die
UKD VON TMNDERN 4m dbvnstebende Lirhihifd datgcsk'llte Pmon Ut tmd
port, le tte r s and numbers 1A1444. the border Gestapo agent. 4Se.-damnier feefin.dliche Vnieischrift «ge»Mncfig v«Jl-
Voigt was instructed, by Leader Wil­ Also, w h en ev er immigration au­
helm May of Dresden, to report to thorities find a German passport is­
» . jts e n,jr,s r ki cts M i
Henlein Party headquarters upon his sued to the bearer for less than five
arrival in Prague. Clas, alias Voigt, years and then extended to the reg­
arrived October 23, 1937, reported to ulation five-year period, they can be
Sudeten Party headquarters and saw sure that the bearer is a new Gestapo
agent who is being te s te d by con­ 1 4 1 4 4 4 w r i t t e n on th is G e r m a n W a l t e r C l a s , G e s t a p o a g e n t , uses
a man whom I am unable to identify.
p a s s p o r t m ea n s b e a r e r is Nazi s p y . th is p a s s p o r t in C z e c h o s lo v a k ia .
He was instructed to report again four trolled movements in a foreign coun­
days later, since information about try. For instance, Voigt was given a
the agent had not yet arrived. passport August 15, 1936, good for
It is 1A1444 or similar letters and only 14 days, for his first Gestapo
numbers at the top of passports which mission in Holland as a new agent.
inform German diplomatic represent­ His chief was not sure whether Voigt
atives the world over that the bearer agreed to become an agent just in or­
is a Gestapo agent. Whenever Ameri­ der to get a passport and money to
can immigration authorities find Ger­ escape the country so his passport was
man passports with letters and num­ limited. When the 14-day period ex­
bers at the top, they can be sure that pired, Voigt would have to report to
the bearer is an agent. These numbers the Nazi consulate for a renewal. In
this particular case, the passport was
are placed by Gestapo headquarters
marked “ Unrenewable Without Spe­
in Berlin or Dresden, the agents are
cial Permission of the Chief of Dres­
photographed and sam p les of their
den Police.” When Voigt performed
handwriting are sent in d ip lo m a tic
his Holland mission successfully, he
pouches to the Nazi embassy, lega­ was given the usual five-year passport.
tion or consulate in the country, city Any German whose passport shows a
or German Bund to which the agent given limited time, then extended,
is assigned. When the agent reports in gives proof that he has been tested
a foreign city, the resident Gestapo and found satisfactory by the Ges­
chief checks the passport’s top num­ tapo.
bers with the picture and the hand­ Obviously all these military, espion­
writing received via diplomatic pouch age and p ro p a g a n d a preparations
to check on the man’s identity. along the Czech border, executed with
For the information of the Czech extreme secrecy, are not designed by Im m ig ra tio n a u t h o r it i e s in c o u n t r ie s b o r d e r i n g G e r m a n y , p le a s e n o te :
authorities, Voigt was trained in the the Nazis for protection against Czech S t a m p s on in sid e o f c o v e r i n s te a d o f on u p p e r r i g h t hand c o r n e r o f
Gestapo espionage schools in Pots­ invasion. All indications point to the R e is e p a s s s i g n if y G e s t a p o a g e n t g o t sud d en o rd e rs to c r o s s b o r d e r .
dam and Calmuth-Remagen. He op­ fact that the Nazis are determined to
erates directly under Wilhelm May invade their neighboring country at
whose headquarters are in Dresden. an opportune moment, and are pre­
May is in charge of Gestapo work pared also to fight Russia which, the
Nazis figure, will come to the aid of
over Sector No. 2. The entire Czech
the Czechs. The propaganda campaign
border espionage and terrorist activity
running through the German press is
is divided into sectors. No. 1 em­
similar to that which preceded the at­
braces Silesia with headquarters at
tack on Austria, but is more intensive.
Breslau, No. 2 Saxony with headquar­ The time is about ripe for attack.
ters at Dresden and No. 3 Bavaria, The only thing delaying the Nazis,
with headquarters at Munich. After apparently, is the diplomatic maneu­
the annexation of Austria, Sector No. vering by which the Chamberlain
4 was added, commanded by Gestapo government is p re ssin g France to
Chief Scheffler whose headquarters w ith d ra w fr o m her alliance with
are in Berlin, with a branch in Vien­ Czechoslovakia, and also a d v isin g
na. Sector No. 4 also directs Stand- Prague to make greater concessions
arte II which stands ready to provide to Henlein. When the Nazis feel they
incidents to justify German invasion. will gain no more from these diploma­
All sectors co-operate with the Hen­ tic maneuverings on their behalf, the
lein party in the respective districts, invasion will probably be unleashed
so that actually the Sudeten Party with lightning suddenness. Troops will
combines a political movement with not first be mobilized along the bor­
an incredibly enormous espionage net­ der, as was the case in the Austrian
work. invasion. That’s why troops are being
Another way that immigration au­ ringed secretly around the border for a
H e r m a n A lb in V a ld ix , G e s t a p o a g e n t in P r a g u e , d id n 't h a v e tim e to
thorities, especially in countries sur­ swift attempt which will start the long- c l e a r his p a s s p o r t th ro u g h r e g u l a r G e s t a p o S e c t o r h e a d q u a r t e r s in
rounding Germany, can detect Gesta­ feared but expected World War. • D re sd e n so he g o t e m e r g e n c y c l e a r a n c e fr o m d i s t r i c t office on b o r d e r .
76

omized to save the passage money

THE MIRACLE OF KONNERSREUTH which would enable them to see with
their own eyes this last of the living
In addition her left ear became deaf,
she grew partly paralyzed and lost
practically all sense of feeling. By the
saints. end of 1922 she was suffering from
For tw e lv e y e a r s T h e re s e N e u ­ The attention o f A m e rica was shortness of breath and fits of suf­
drawn to the case of Therese Neu­ focation, and at the beginning of 1923
m ann has eaten nothing but the mann when Dean Noe of Memphis her right foot began to grow crooked.
made his recent attempt to subdue In consequence of years spent lying
d a ily w a fe r of H oly Com m union. the flesh and liberate the spirit by in bed, sores had formed on her back.
And eve ry Frid ay she has lost ten abstaining from food and drink. What They oozed blood and water and gave
Dean Noe attempted was a repeti­ out a horrible fetid smell. Finally she
pounds, o nly to reg ain them dur­ tion of one of the miracles accom­ was able to move only her right hand.
plished by the stigmatized wonder With this, on February 3, 1926, she
ing the w e e k . The o n ly living be­ woman of Konnersreuth. The Mem­ wrote a clumsy and illiterate letter to
phis Dean had to be removed to a the village priest: “ I am, by God's
ing w h o has exp erienced resur­ hospital where he was forcibly fed. grace, happy and content. I rejoice
rection, believers and doubters, The German peasant girl has for 12 that our beloved Saviour has granted
years taken no other nourishment than that I, unworthy as I am, may share
including doctors, h ave seen her the host which she receives daily at His sufferings. I have dedicated my
H o ly C o m m u n io n . Although she life as a sacrifice to the Lord. I be­
die over six hundred tim es. The neither eats nor drinks her weight lieve that He will accept my wretched
never varies from the normal of 120 sufferings and prayers for the redemp­
Church h as not ye t admitted it to pounds. tion of souls.”
It is a miracle— so long as it con­ Racked with pain, sick unto death,
be a m iracle. But science has not tinues. But it will not last very much she lived on in a state of religious
yet e x p la in e d it. longer. Therese is allowed to receive ecstasy. She left herself to be in mys­
only a very few and very special visi­ tic communion with her patron name­
tors. The shadow of death is lowering sake, the Little Therese of the Infant
BY RENE KRAUS over the little white-painted single­ Jesus. On April 29, 1923, the Little
story house in the village of Konner­ Therese of the Infant Jesus was beat­
sreuth. Soon the last remaining mir­ ified by the Catholic Church. On that
acle of modern times will have passed day T h erese Neumann experienced
from the earth. her first miracle. She was aware of
a dazzling, unearthy light, and she
he story o f this mystery begins heard a gentle voice asking: “ Do you
T with the completely normal and
unremarkable h istory of a humble
wish to see again, dear child?” “ God’s
will is mine,” she replied. Suddenly
peasant girl. Therese Neumann was the blackness which for years had
born on April 9, 1898, on the night of shut her in was lifted. After four
Good Friday. She is the youngest of years of blindness her sight was re­
10 children. Her father is the village stored. Two years later, on May 17,
tailor, and in addition owns a small 1925, her namesake was canonized by
farm and a few cows. Today he is the Catholic Church. At the very hour
still a poor man struggling for his when the cardinals and bishops were
bare existence. He has refused enor­ gathered together in Rome, Therese
mous sums of money from film com­ Neumann was cured of her paralysis.
panies, publicity agents, and pub­ The sores on her body suddenly van­
lishers anxious to make capital out ished, her flesh became sweet and
of his daughter. whole. She was able to get up and
S t i g m a t a o f C h r i s t on g ir l' s f a c e m ir a c le to m illio ns At school Therese proved herself walk for the first time in six and a
below the average of intelligence. She half years.
was however re m a rk a b le for her In October of that year she first
very Friday Therese Neumann Her returns fr o m th ose oth er physical strength and, even as a small began to refuse food, though she still
E suffers in her own flesh the Pas­
sion of Our Lord. At half an hour
shores are numbered. “ I feel that
death is already close at hand,” she
child, for her extraordinary religious consented to drink. At Christmas,
fervor. Her ambition was to become 1926, she lost her desire even for li­
past midnight her spirit treads the said to me when I v is ite d her a nursing sister in an African mission, quid nourishment. Since then, and to
road which Christ took to the Garden recently. “ I shall die after my father but the World War prevented its ful­ this day, she has lived only on the
of Gethsemane. At 55 minutes past but before my mother. Perhaps,” she filment. When she was sixteen she host which she swallows at Holy Com­
noon, that is two hours before the went on with a transfigured smile, took employment as a farm-worker munion. It was during Lent of the
historic moment (the piercing with “ on the night of Good Friday.” She and was obliged to do man's work, same year that the first stigmata ap­
the spear and the killing of the waits for the night of her death as since all the male population o f the peared. Ever since, for 12 successive
thieves on the Sabbath morning are other girls wait for their wedding village had been called up for military years, she has suffered week by week
not included in her vision) she sinks night. To be released from earthly service. She plowed-, sowed, reaped, the crucifixion of Our Lord.
back on her pillows, lifeless, bathed suffering will be glorious beyond the manured the fields, and carried sacks The agonized ecstasies of the saint
in blood. She has ceased to breathe, power of words to describe. And yet weighing a couple of hundredweight of Konnersreuth are a unique phe­
and doctors, applying the most deli­ to Therese Neumann her agony is a and more. At this period in her life nomenon; one which must stir the
cate instruments, can detect no heart bitter-sweet mission. To bleed every she had an enormous appetite. It is hearts not only of the mystically in­
beats. It has been accomplished. Friday from the same wounds which touching to hear this woman, who for clined but even of those who regard
In the course of the next few hours her Saviour bore places her beyond 12 years has not touched a morsel of it with- a detached and scientific in­
the rigor mortis relaxes. By evening the reach of earthly suffering. food, say with a reminiscent smile: “ I terest. The Catholic Church itself has
Therese rises from her bed, and by It is now exactly 12 years since used to eat five dumplings straight refused to lend its official authority
Saturday morning she is once more a her case created a sensation in the off in the old days.” to the strange happenings at Konners­
simple, 40-year-old German peasant worlds of science and religion. During The old days— that was before the reuth even though they would make
woman, rather girlish for her years those 12 years hundreds of thousands time of her accident. On March 10, magnificent propaganda. As for the
but with little else to distinguish her have made the pilgrimage to Kon­ 1918, Therese fell off a ladder while scientific investigators who are in­
from the other inhabitants of the tiny nersreuth: sightseers and devotees, she was helping to put out a fire. For terested in fathoming rather than ex­
village of Konnersreuth in the Ba­ skeptics and fanatics, scientists, doc­ six and a- half years she remained a ploiting the Friday passions of Ther­
varian Alps. tors, priests, laymen, ascetics and bed-ridden invalid. Two spinal verte­ ese Neumann, they have come to
What distinguishes her from the sensation-seekers. Many of them have brae had been broken by her fall: three unanimous conclusions. Firstly
rest of mankind however is this: she been Americans, mostly simple, hum­ she could not even sit up in bed. In they admit that they cannot explain
knows what lies beyond this world. ble people who. have stinted and econ­ the autumn of 1919 she went blind. the phenomenon, secondly they are
Ju ne 16, 7938 17

convinced of Therese’s genuine hon­ m a n ’ s a ctio n . “ Tell that tramp to

esty, thirdly they agree that they have leave the clothes alone!” she shouts.
never encountered any other human “ I ’d like to box his ears!” She also
being capable of enduring what Ther- attacks the men who mock Jesus when
ese endures. the crown of thorns is put about His
One of the most curious features head. “ Y o u ’ re d r u n k !” she cries.
of the case is Therese’s dual person­ “ Anyone can see you’re disgustingly
ality during her experience of the Pas­ drunk!” And finally she turns to the
sion. She herself suffers the agonies thief on the left-hand side and re­
of the crucifixion and at the same bukes him: “ Do not shout so loudly
time enacts the role of a spectator, in the presence of Our Lord.”
of a fervent peasant girl trying pas­ While Therese thus passionately de­
sionately to help her Saviour. She is fends her suffering Saviour she is at
both chief actress and audience at the same time sharing His agonies.
these times. A thin trickle of blood flows from her
On Good Friday, 1926, the stigmata eyes. An hour later streams of blood
first appeared on her hands and feet. pour down on each side of her white
And since Friday, the 25th of March, face.
1927, she has also borne the scars of When the soldiers place the crown
the crown of th orn s w h ich bleed o f th orn s on Christ’s head eigh t
afresh every time she passes through wounds open at the back of her own.
her ordeal. There are in te r v a ls of Her feet and hands become scarred.
from 10 to 20 minutes between each She tries painfully to pull out the
successive ecstasy. During these thorns which are sticking into her
pauses she recounts what has taken head. Her body grows u n n a tu ra lly
place. Her descriptions are like those rigid as she approaches the cross and
of a child that sees and hears but her eyes stare p e r p e n d ic u la r ly up­
cannot reason. Incidentally she uses wards. The end is near. The twitching
the rough peasant dialect when she is of her face subsides, gradually the
in this condition, whereas normally clenched, tortured fingers relax. For
her speech is quite moderately cul­ the last time her body rears up, she
tured. rolls over to the left edge of the bed,
Replying to a question as to how then falls heavily back on her pillows,
the garden of Gethsemane was illumi­ motionless, lifeless.
nated, she will say: “ There is a great The spectators of this sacred mys­
light, and a log of wood burning and tery stand in a dumb, awe-stricken
another log of wood burning.” It is circle about the waxen, blood-stained
impossible for her to say “ two logs corpse of a poor girl who has been
of wood.” tortured to death.
Apart from the person of Jesus Next morning Therese Neumann re­
who completely dominates her mind, members nothing. The stigmata have
she knows no one by name. She refers disappeared together with the wounds.
to Peter as “ the man who cuts off She gets up, walks about her room.
ears,” and to John as “ the y ou n g She is even able to take a w alk
man.” Pilate has “no hair round his through the village. True, she balances
head or his chin,” Caiaphas is “ the herself on her heels because the soles
fu n n y man w ith the long white of her feet are tender, and when she
beard,” Herod “ the red man.” She has wants to open a door she does so with
entirely forgotten all that she learned her elbows because she has no strength
at her Scripture classes. She likes Pi­ in her hands. She loses ten pounds of
late because he speaks kindly to Jesus, weight in blood and perspiration every
and Judas b e ca u se he kisses his Friday, but regains her normal weight
Master. She knows nothing of the be­ during the following six days of the
trayal which the kiss signifies. That is week.
not included in her vision. On the She eats nothing, drinks nothing,
other hand she has a violent anti­ existing simply by the power of her
pathy toward Peter because he is the will to live until such time as God
first to draw blood by cutting off the sees fit to call her to Him.
ear of Malchus. Has that call been sounded? Ther­
Her complete ignorance ,of what is ese believes that her work on earth
to follow is terribly poignant. She al­ will soon be done. She also believes
ways believes that Jesus will be freed that she has saved thousands of souls
at the last moment. When she sees by her sufferings and her prayers. She
the multitude and the cross-bearers responds to every appeal, to every let­
le a v in g the city she cries: “ Run ter— and she r e c e iv e s letters daily
quickly to our Saviour’s mother and from America— she prays for all those
tell her that they have set him free.” who by special p e rm issio n of the
Even at the place of crucifixion she Bishop of Regensburg are allowed to
c o n s o le s h e r s e lf with the words: see her. Countless stories are told of
“ They are only making Him carry the sick whom she has cured, of souls
some timber up there.” Christ is not she has redeemed from p u rg a to ry ,
carrying His cross but three planks of sinners whom she has set on the right
wood which will be roughly nailed to­ path.
gether when they reach Golgotha. One must be a good son of the
When Our Lord, after the scourg­ Catholic Church to believe them all.
ing, tries to reach for His clothing, But surely even those who are not
an onlooker pushes the garments aside orthodox in their beliefs must pause
with his foot. This incident, by the to shudder and marvel at the mys­
way, was also seen by the visionary tery of Konnersreuth. H a m let was
Katharina Emmerich. Therese’s anger right: There are more things in heaven
is roused to its highest pitch by the and earth . . . . 9
(Picture on Page 42)
C o p y Cats
SCOTCH MORMON SPENDS BILLIONS
igal flinging of h a n d fu ls of public can you expect a man making $25
money in helter-skelter largesse. a week to pay $25 a day for the labor
He has what he c o n s id e r s to be in constructing a house.”
sound economic bases for his program Organized labor has accepted this
to bring the Nation out of the depres­ as a direct slap at its wage scales and
sion. After hearing him explain it, sus­ Eccles is charged with being “ anti­
picion- departs the listener’s- mind as labor,” “ reactionary,” “ a tory” and
to his sincerity. all of the other adjectives in the trade
Calmly and dispassionately, but with union vocabulary.
the same pertinacity which won to his This he indignantly repudiates:
point of view the redoubtably irrecon­ “ Wage increases and sh o rte r hours
cilable Carter Glass, until finally the are justified and w h o lly desirable
la te r actually was championing Ec­ when they result from increasing pro­
cles’ p r o p o s a ls for broadening the duction, per capita and represent a
scope and strengthening the power of better distribution of the profits of
the Federal Reserve System, he stead­ industry. But wage in cre a se s and
fa s t ly has maintained the economic shorter hours, when they retard and
philosophy he first enunciated before restrict production and cause price in­
the Senate Finance Committee back flation, result in throwing out of bal­
in 1933, a month before the Roosevelt ance the buying power of the vari­
Administration assumed office. ous groups in our e n tire economy,
So heretical were these at the time such as agriculture, the unorganized
M a r r i n e r S . E cc /e s— H e fin g e r s th e n a tio n 's p u r s e s t r i n g s that gasping Senators ru b b e d th eir workers, the recipients of fixed in­
eyes to make sure it was this same fu- comes and all consumer classes.
nereal-hued, slender epitome of what a “ It not only works against the in­
conservative banker is supposed to be, terests of industry, as we have seen,
Mormon m issionary and calculat­ who was g iv in g voice to the credo but it works against labor— because
“ that the orthodox doctrines of thrift, the laborers lose their jobs.”
in g S c o tsm a n , F e d e ra l R e se rv e economy and efficiency be tossed out Black eyes flashing a n im a te d ly
C h a i r m a n E c c le s is a l s o t h a t o f the window in order to meet and against the pallor of his cheeks, Ec­
conquer the depression.” cles, carefully elaborates: "The build­
abom ination of ortho do x b a n k ­ “ In times of economic stress,” re­ ing field is typical of just this situa­
iterates Eccles today, “ there should be tion. We (the F ed era l R e s e r v e )
ers, a n heretical brother w ho be­ deliberate unbalancing of the budget found that due to the rapid increase
through the expenditure of billions by in building costs in 1936, due to both
lie v e s th e n a tio n c a n sp e n d its the Government to restore the pur­ increases in building labor, reduction
w a y into prosperity. U tah’s b a n k ­ chasing power of the millions. of hours of work and an increase in
“ Credit should be loosened so that material prices, that the industry lost
er and p illar in M orm onism ’s vast mass production will be accompanied its market and consequently labor its
by mass consumption. jobs.
corporate holdings, Extrao rd i­ “ When this occurs and profits begin “ That is why it has been impera­
to accrue, the Government then must tive for the Federal Government to
n a ry Eccles b e lieves in the u n b a l­ seriously go about balancing the bud­ come to the aid of the building indus­
get and by increased income, inherit­ try— and by that I mean not only the
anced budget, w hen n ecessary.
ance and profit taxes amass sufficient contractor and material dealer, but of
reserves so that it can begin prompt labor itself, th rou g h providing easy
p u b lic spending to forestall another credit at low interest rates to revive
BY BEN STERN depressive cycle when first it is evi­ an industry which was diving to an
denced.” alarming low.
Eccles envisions a balance— one bas­ “ Small b u sin ess also needs help,
Sc o t c h m a nwho believes in company; director of railroad and ho­ ket of which represents the Govern­ finding it extremely difficult to obtain
A spending billions and a banker tel companies; and in his spare mo­ ment and the other business. When credit either to continue present op­
who doesn’t give a damn about bal­ ments operated a 300,000-acre ranch either basket becomes out of balance, erations or to in cre a se production.
ancing the budget has emerged vic­ stocked with 40,000 sheep and 25,000 sufficient am ou n ts should be taken Banks in a time of depression are ex­
torious from the intense under-cover head of cattle. from the one and placed in the other tremely loathe to take a chance with
tug of war to determine the Adminis­ And all this had been accompii-'hed until they again become equal. their funds and so it is necessary for
tration’s policy for coping with the in the 20 years which had elapsed And this is what he has been pro­ the Government to help.”
depression. since he was called home to Utah from posing the Government do in order to And in accordance with this propo­
And don’t for a moment harbor the Scotland where he had been serving as halt the present downhill movement sal, the Government is undertaking to
supposition that Marriner Stoddard a Mormon missionary, to become gen­ and bring about the climb. provide the required credit facilities
Eccles, C hairm an of the Board of eral manager of his widowed mother’s Some of his suggestions a lre a d y through a 1,500 million dollar fund—
Governors of the Federal Reserve Sys­ two million-dollar estate. have been a d o p te d and others are the loans to be made through R.F.C.
tem, is neither a proper Scot nor an With such a background who would known to be receiving favorable Ad­ The second basic group which must
eminently successful banker. have reason to suspect that Eccles is ministration consideration. be stimulated so that we can begin
That he is both is best evidenced not a capitalist of the most conserva­ The methods are uncanonical, but the upward climb is heavy industry.
by the responsibilities relinquished in tive type, dedicated to the cause of the past five years have calloused the Eccles proposes this solution for that
January, 1934, when he was summoned the balanced budget, the gold stand­ American people to ideas which for­ problem:
to Washington to become Assistant ard and bitter opponent of the spend­ merly would have been greeted with The ra ilro a d s are in need of re­
Secretary of the Treasury. ing of one penny of government money horrified amazement. placements for old and ou tm o d e d
At that time Eccles was heading a for relief? First, proposes Eccles, we must help e q u ip m e n t, but they are without
corporation controlling 25 banks in Yet for the pact four years he has the construction industry. This is be­ either capital or credit to effect these
Utah and Idaho with reserves of more been the spear point of the spending ing accomplished through the United purchases which, if completed, would
than 50 million; was president of the wing of the Administration, in con­ States Housing Corporation and the total approximately three billion dol­
Utah Construction Company, one of stant and unceasing war with the bud­ Federal Housing Administration. lars.
the world’s la rg e st corporations en­ get balancers and a d h eren ts of the The former is being utilized as an During the 1936 inflationary period
gaged in dam construction; was a guid­ more orthodox school of political outlet for millions for slum clearance, when it appeared that the railroads
ing light in the Amalgamated Sugar economy. while the latter provides for liberal finally were beginning to show some
Company with assets of more than ten Don’t for a moment assume, how­ financing of private home construc­ earnings the rail brotherhoods stepped
million; ran a milk company doing an ever, that this slender, dark-eyed, dark­ tion through 90% loans amortized in with dem ands for increased pay
annual business of more than five mil­ haired, sharp-featured head-man of over long periods. and absorbed these earnings, so that
lion; was president of a large lumber the banker’s bank advocates the prod­ However, he warns gravely. “ How there is no place where the money can
June 16, 1938 79

be obtained except the Federal Treas­ but the slight, undemonstrative Ec­
ury. “ Therefore,” su g g ests Eccles, cles put up a real battle and emerged
“ let the Governm ent lend the rail­ the winner, to be rewarded with the
roads the necessary three billions and Chairmanship of the refashioned and
this will result in not only greater strengthened Reserve Board.
transportation efficiency, but in direct His advice was w e lc o m e d — nay
stimulation to heavy industry.” eagerly sought by the White House,
The third factor in this program of until in January, 1937, alarmed at
nonconforming economics is direct re­ what he believed to be urgent indica­
lief as a means of creating mass con­ tions of an inflation which soon
sumption and its natural concomitant would grow out of control and result
mass production through W.P.A. and in an acute and dangerous reaction,
P.W.A. He favors the latter type the Reserve Board issued a second
which results in permanent construc­ order that the members increase their
tion of general public benefit and af­ reserves.
fects diversified industry through use
of all types of material as well as he first order increasing the re­
the employment of labor.
Inasmuch as the Administration is
T q u ire m e n ts by 50% had been
issued in August, 1936, but this had
launching upon a program startlingly been a mere precautionary measure
similar to that outlined, it is palpable in order to absorb a portion of the
that the Eccles school of economic 3 billions of reserves in excess of re­
philosophy is back in favor. quirements held by member banks to
However, it is a victory without prevent an uncontrollable expansion
great savor to its author, because of of credit and also provide a bottom
the delay in getting the program un­ for sales of government bonds by
der way. banks desirous of taking portfolio
For months a bitter internecine profits.
battle has been waged with Treasury Its significance was disregarded by
Secretary Morgenthau leading the banks, business men and economists,
budget balancers, seconded by R.F.C. but the second increase of 3 3 re­
Chairman Jesse Jones; against the sulted in tightening credit and received
spenders under the le a d e rsh ip of immediate blame for the downward
Eccles with Leon Henderson, W.P.A. curve of the market. As a result of
economist performing the functions this criticism and unfavorable busi­
of staff officer in charge of propa­ ness reaction, the Board cut its redis­
ganda and infiltration. count rate from 2% to V/2 % and also
Eccles has not been in high White undertook to make open market pur­
House favor for some time, in spite chases of Government securities in an
of his meteor-like rise to preference effort to bring about a stabilization
in the Roosevelt Administration,— a and consequent upswing.
rise, incidentally, which began one This failed to brake the flying to­
snowy night in Salt Lake City when boggan and was reflected in the figur­
Stuart Chase, the scheduled lecturer, ative pulling-in of the “ welcome” mat
failed to arrive in time and the young whenever Eccles a p p ea red on the
Mormon banker was called upon to White House steps.
pinch-hit. While m aking no effort to shift
So well did he do, that when the from under the onus, Eccles, however,
lecture was over, Chase, who mean­ offers a lucid explanation of the pres­
while had arrived and was an intent ent debacle.
listener, offered to introduce him to “ We today are experiencing the re­
Rexford Tugwell. action from the extraordinary condi­
Sometime later Eccles and Tugwell tions of 1936,” he says. “ This was
did meet and one day the former brought about by the patent fact that
found himself Assistant Secretary of we failed to reduce Governmental ex­
the Treasury. penditures at a time when private ex­
The following November he was pansion in business was well under
named Governor of the Federal Re­ way. At the very period when private
serve Board and entrusted with the bank credit was expanding naturally
almost impossible task of obtaining to cope with the demands put upon it
favorable Congressional c o n s id e r a ­ by business, the Government paid out
tion of le g is la tio n w h ich would two billions in veterans’ bonuses and
centralize the responsibility for the was spending an additional billion
Government’s monetary policy in one through the W.P.A., P.W.A. and other
body and through which the Govern­ activities.
ment could maintain strict control of “ Thus private business and Govern­
our banking system. mental business was all going in the
Immediately he found himself op­ same direction in the fall o f 1936 with
p osed by C a rte r G lass, who as the natural and expected result of a
“ father” of the Federal Reserve Sys­ price distortion in the spring of 1937.
tem, fights any change which would This distortion brought about a very
place it under greater Governmental rapid increase in the price of stocks in
control; and Father Coughlin, Sen­ anticipation of greater business activ­
ator Thomas of Oklahoma, and others ity and greater profits.
of their ilk who want the Govern­ “ It also resulted in an exceedingly
ment to buy up all of the stock of large increase in building costs and in
the Reserve banks and create a Gov­ heavy industry generally. An inflation
ernment-owned and G o v e rn m e n t- psychology d e v e lo p e d and because
managed central bank. people were of the opinion that every­
Lined up against him also were all thing was going to become even
of the bankers and big business men, higher, they made heavy purchases,
American Buddha!
20

and almost every business undertook in excess of 1,250 m illio n d o lla rs.
to place future orders. There was an
effort to buy not only for current
Eccles with utter disregard for reper­
cussions and an avalanche of criti­
THE ARMY’ S CLOSEST SECRET
needs, but for future needs and it cism, advocates th e use o f th ese
is our information that some com­ funds to defray Governmental ex­
panies made inventory purchases for penditures.
several years to come. It is impossible and unreasonable to
“ The increased construction costs expect the Government to follow the
resulted in discouraging the building same rules as does a private insurance
o f homes, costs went up faster than co m p a n y , he asserts. And even pri­
rents and it made building for rental vate insurance companies invest the
an unprofitable venture. This was re­ funds collected, otherwise there could
flected in the rises along the line of be no accretion.
industry while the income of the great To impound b illio n s of potential
masses of the country including the purchasing power would be a short­
farmer did not rise correspondingly, sighted policy in c o n tr a v e n tio n of
so that the recovery got out of sound public economy; and it there­
bounds. fore is vitally important that these
“ Now we come to the crux of the billions be turned back into circula­
situation,” continues Eccles. “ At the tion.
same time that the price increases oc­ This h in ges directly with Eccles’
curred there were demands by labor theory about budget balancing.
for an increased share of the increased “ That the public debt is heavy or
A i r- b o m b b u r s t s on b a t t l e s h i p a n d p r o v e s — J u s t w h a t ?
profits from the increased activity of light according to our national income
business. is an elementary fact,” he declares.
“ Such demands were perfectly jus­ “ This is no new theory with me, but
tified in my opinion. But as a result of was expounded a hundred years ago W ithout it, the ch an ces of hitting
that, strikes developed. There was a by Lord Macaulay, who said ‘ . . . it
feeling on the part of many business is sufficient to say that the prophets
a battleship from six m iles in the
interests that they would experience o f evil were under a double delusion. air are one in a m illion. W ith it,
difficulty in obtaining deliveries and They erroneously imagined that there
so a great backlog of orders was built was an exact analogy between the the odds are better th an ev e n . It
up. Thus there developed a seller’s case of an individual who is in debt to
market and that is why even though another individual and the case of a reduces bom bing technique to the
prices failed to rise after April, a year society which is in debt to a part of
ago, there was no diminution in pro­ itself. . . . They were under an error
equivalent of tuning in on a radio
duction or e m p lo y m e n t until last not less serious touching the resources d ia l. Best of a ll, foreign spies can
August. Business generally was living of the country. They made no allow­
on this backlog of orders. ance for the effect produced by the photograph it, e x a m in e it, ta lk to
“ And while this tightening of credit incessant progress of e v e r y experi­
and spending was going on in the fields mental science, and by the incessant the avia to rs w h o use it, and still
of private activity, the Government, efforts of every man to get on in life.
under enormous pressure from within They saw that the debt grew; and not kn o w ho w or w h y it w o rk s.
and without, began an effort toward they forgot that other things grew as
balancing the budget by reducing ex­ well as the debt.’
penditures— or at least its contribu­ “ That expounds my views of the BY ALLAN PORTER
tion to community buying power was b u d g e t situation clearly,” d e c la r e s
greatly lessened. Eccles.
“ Thus in 1937 we witnessed a rapid “ The alarmists who shriek when plane can sink a battle­ controlled with the precision tech­
A
bo m b i n g
shift in income creating expenditures they compare the public debt of 22 ship” the somewhat premature nique of the laboratory. By pilot tech­
both public and private. The props billions in 1932 with that of almost contention of the Army’s bad boy, the nique we do not mean that the men
which had lifted the level of consump­ 38 billions today, forget that our na­ late General William Mitchell, is to­ doing the job were inferior flyers;
tion were knocked aside. We had tional wealth also increases as men day true. The military brass hats of they were not. Rather, when all the
reached a saturation point in install­ bend their energies to ‘get on in life’ the old guard and the admirals are facts are known, their feats of per­
ment sales and the automobile boom and as we prosper, as we inevitably slowly giving way to this, and other sonal prowess are amazing— and com­
had exploded. The Government stimu­ must, these debts will be paid off erstwhile whimsies of the war god’s pared with the present crop of gentle­
lus to consumption was being halted through our increased wealth.” martyred saint of the air— and while men pilots, they were supermen of
and from public expenditures of three And if, after reading how glibly Army pilots are no longer required to the air.
billion dollars in 1936 we reversed Chairman Eccles advocates Govern­ wear boots and spurs while fly in g , In the olden days of flying the
ourselves to a minus of 400 millions— mental expenditure of billions, you they nevertheless remember the fate weaklings and mediocre flyers w ere
all w ith in the sp a ce o f a single mentally label him a profligate wast­ of Saint Mitchell, and are careful to weeded out rapidly by one of nature’s
year. rel, then remember the story that S. whom they speak, o f w hom th ey fundamental laws, the survival of the
“ And a single and most important J. Woolf, the magazine artist and in­ speak, of what and when and where. fittest. The sudden impact of airplane
factor in this minus quantity was the terviewer, tells. The admiral versus general contro­ upon earth kept pilot proficiency at
collection of Social Security taxes, Assigned both to interview and versy of bomber versus dreadnaught the maximum, and produced a super­
which slashed the purchasing power of sketch E c c le s , he fo u n d that the was closed nearly two decades ago, pilot whose instinct and skill is today
the Nation by approximately 800 mil­ former had ended before the drawing when the Navy called Mitchell’s bluff, rapidly becoming extinct.
lion dollars,” emphasized Eccles. was completed, so, as customary, he and anchored an obsolete battleship It was a squadron of these old-
It is this last factor which is pro­ asked Eccles to sign the portrait, al­ off the coast of Virginia, and chal­ timers who, 17 years ago, took off
viding the Administration economists though unfinished. lenged the Army Air Corps to do its from Langley Field, Virginia, in their
with their most perplexing and baffling This had h a p pen ed b e fo r e w ith damndest. The Army did, and her gen­ flying barns and headed toward Lynn-
problem. other conservative business leaders, eral staff has b een b lu sh in g ev er haven R oads to sink the obsolete
How is the Government going to but Eccles refused to sign the portrait since. Recently, however, Army pilots battleship, the U.S.S. Ohio. It was a
compensate for the hole created in until it was completed. have begun to get cocky again, and drizzly, foggy morning, and after sev­
our national purchasing power as the “ This,” sagely comments W oolf, although it is unlikely the bomber-bat­ eral hours of aimless cruising around
Social Security taxes are collected “ was a revelation of the man’s char­ tleship duello will be revived, a few the soldiers of the air returned to
and impounded? acter. It disclosed his conservatism, as Johnny-come-lately Generals are rat­ their base, with long faces and a grim
Present estimates are that the 1937- well as his thoroughness and made tling the old bones and asking for it. look in their eyes as they climbed out
38 Federal and State collections will one feel that he would put his name Pilot technique and the flying barns of their seats. They could not even
total more than one billion dollars; to nothing concerning which he had of a decade ago are a long throw from find the Ohio.
and the 1938 -3 9 fig u r e w ill be any doubt.” • today’s flying fo r t r e s s e s which are The admirals chuckled in their long
(Pictures on Page 43)
Jane 16. 1938 21

beards and leaned back in the swivel ing on a chair, try your luck— with
chairs. The soldiers gritted their teeth, yourself and the target in motion the
cursed, and climbed into their flying chances o f a direct hit are pretty
machines again and took off. After a poor. Reduced to its simplest terms
week o f searching they found the lone­ this is the method the Army has used
ly Ohio, like a ghost ship riding on her since the days of the World War, and
anchor, and following their leader they at 30,000 feet (six miles) the chance
swooped down on her, unloading their of a direct hit on a battleship is about
bombs. When the smoke and foam one in a million.
c l e a r e d away, there was the Ohio Until recently the Army’s gadg-
serenely tugging at her anchor chain eteers were stumped. Many experts
like a tethered cow grazing in a field believed bombing would forever re­
o f daisies. The soldiers got mad and main a haphazard business. Then from
raced back to their base for another some mysterious nowhere, there came
load of bombs, and after dumping the unbelievable— a gadget that made
enough explosives into the ocean to bombs hit the mark. It had the death­
blast the court of Neptune from the dealing magic that comes like a
equator to Little America, they suc­ revelation from the god of war. This
ceeded in sinking the Ohio. gadget is called a “ bomb sight” and
T oo late they re a liz e d they had with it the bombarder can unfailingly
proved the admirals’ argument, and hit a target the size of a battleship
the admirals promptly put on their from an altitude of more than six
cocked hats and sent out to the ship­ miles. It is the most secret and closely
builders for a dozen or so brand new guarded gadget the Army has,
battlewagons, with word to send the Extremely simple of operation, it
bill to Congress. The generals set out reduces b o m b in g te c h n iq u e to a
to get that guy Mitchell, and called matter o f twisting a dial. It predeter­
a halt to the caperings of their air mines the exact position the bomber
c h e v a lie r s — for the next ten years should be in, directs it to that spot,
they had a holiday which they spent and releases the bombs at exactly the
thrilling the yokels at county fairs, right instant. It calculates all o f the
and strutting back and forth before variables to a fine mathematical pre­
the heaving bosoms of the nation’s cision, th e sp eed o f the p la n e , the
maidenhood. Once in a while they motion of the target, altitude and
threw a big feature act for the bene­ wind drift. And the fact that clouds
fit of the press, but for the most part or fog obscure the target does not foil
they had pulled in their necks. this super-gadget of Mars— it is said
Behind the scenes the Army’s gad- to be on the perfect side o f per­
geteers and tinkerers got to work to fection !
build war planes and gadgets, and de­ Foreign powers are not deeply con­
velop pilot te c h n iq u e th a t would cerned a b o u t th e s u p e r io r it y o f
get the b o m b e r b a c k in the good American war planes or flyers— they
graces of the generals. In the short are cocky enough to think they have
span of ten years the job was done. us beat. But they have heard of this
They turned out flying fortresses be­ plaything of Mars, and it has them
yond the wildest dreams of Saint Mit­ worried. Outside the inner circle little
chell, and pilot te c h n iq u e included is known about the bomb sight, except
everything from foot and seat warm­ th a t it w o r k s ; and in sid e o n ly a
ers to a robot pilot that would do chosen few know what makes it work.
everything except bawl out the me­ Bombarders are taught to use it, but
chanics. However, there was still one they do not know how it works— and
fault that had not been corrected— these men are all first-rate gadgeteers!
they could not drop bombs with any When not in use the gadget is kept
greater accuracy than in the days o f in a vault, and heavily guarded. When
the flying barns. in use it is constantly under the eye
Bombing had always been a haphaz­ o f an officer. Yet it is said that for­
ard p ro ce e d in g . The pilot simply eign spies have obtained photographs
brought his bomber to a position over of it— but the Army doesn’t care.
the target, and making crude guesses They say that anyone— foreign spies,
to allow for altitude, speed, motion and all— can examine it, and still
o f the target and windage, pulled a know nothing about its inner mechan­
lever and let the bombs fall where ism. And without the secret of its
they may. At low altitudes on large innards, information about it is use­
targets this method was effective en­ less. Once known its principles are
ough, but a few thousand feet of alti­ childishly simple. T o become profi­
tude gave a different picture— prac­ cient in its use requires little practice.
tically a blank. Within inner circles it is said that
A simple example will serve to il­ the GHQ Air Force staff sits back
lustrate this, until recent, bombing
with the candor o f a poker player
technique. Suppose you place an ordi­
calling a raise with an ace in the hole.
nary glass tumbler on the floor, and
The other fellows may have them
standing above it take a small pellet,
such as a wad of paper, and try to equaled when it comes to what is in
drop it into the tumbler. After the sight, but they know they have a
first 20 trials you will be fairly suc­ cinch. As for the admirals, the gen­
cessful. Suppose, however, that you erals aren’t interested. Let them have
and the tumbler were in motion—- their big-time Navy.
your hits would be few. This corre­ And no doubt Saint Mitchell cocks
sponds to low altitude bombing. Now his feet upon the throne of Mars, and
substitute a thimble for the tumbler, pointing to this divine gadget of war,
use a buckshot as a pellet, and stand­ says, “ See, what did I tell you.” •
(P ictures on Pages 44-46)
Achievement
22
t f *

"l DECLARE (AHEM!)HALF THIS STONE

Ju ne 16, 7938 23

DRAWN FOR KEN IN ENGLAND BY DAVID LOW, MAY 1938

TO BE WELL AND TRULY LAID

24

FOREIGN ALLEGIANCE FIRST

G erm an and Italian policy uses
the consular offices, d iplom ati­
ca lly immune to in vestigatio n, a s
a g e n c ie s o f f a s c i s t in t r ig u e .
Consuls threaten A x is-A m erica n s
w ith loss of A m erican citizenship,
d e p o rta tio n , u n le s s t h e y su p ­
port fascism . C ard -catalo g s in
Rome and Stuttgart list them and
their native relatives. D isobedi­
ence of the secret-agent-consul
brings rep risal on relatives.

BY HIRAM MOTHERWELL

T w o - t im e U. S. cit iz en b a s k s in U. S . Nazi ca m p

erm ans and Italians who are also And said Ernst Wilhelm Bohle,
G A m e rica n citizens are being
forced to put Nazism and fascism, not
head of the Institute which keeps
track of them, “ Whoever lives abroad
Americanism, first. A vast network of as a German businessman or as a com­
ostensibly voluntary s o c ie tie s , sup­ mercial representative is working not
ported persistently but as invisibly as only for himself but principally in the
possible by the consulates, bring pres­ service of the German Fatherland.
sure on German-Americans and Ital- — Germans abroad . . . are chosen and
ian-Americans to become agents of obliged to co-operate in the work
foreign programs of imperial expan­ which Adolf Hitler began.” This in­
sion and race hatred. That pressure cludes the boycott of Jews, including
in c lu d e s , as verified ca ses sh ow , American citizens of Jewish race.
threats of interference with legitimate Mussolini’s command: “ My order
b u sin ess, threats of deportation of is that an Italian citizen must remain
A m e rica n c itiz e n s from America, an Italian citizen, no matter in what
threats of reprisals against relatives land he lives, even unto the seventh
in the old country. To that end either generation.” That means even if he
in the consulates here or in a central takes out American citizenship. Un­
office over there, a card-catalog is be­ der Italian law all men of Italian
ing built up listing every German- birth and their sons are required to
American and Italian-American. do military service in the Italian
Said General Goering, sub-Fuehrer, army, regardless of subsequent citi­
at a rally of the Foreign Organiza­ zenship. The rule, regarding Ameri­
tion of the Nazi Party in Stuttgart, cans, has been relaxed somewhat in
September 2, 1937: “ You Germans practice; not in principle. In other
residing abroad must remember that, words, by becoming an American citi­
wherever you are, you represent the zen an Italian does not cease to owe
interests of Germany. The Father- supreme allegiance to Italy.
land is first. All else is second.” The official Bureau of Fascism
June 16. 7938 25

Abroad, similar to the Stuttgart or­ fice (a government agency) upon en­
ganization, requires that fascists liv­ dorsement of a certain Hell Feltmann
ing under the laws of other countries in the German Propaganda Ministry.
“ adopt for private and civic life The consulates are more careful
obedience to II Duce and to the laws now. Much of the work has been
of Fascism:” All German and Italian transferred to the other side of the
citizens in America are required to Atlantic, but it is more thorough and
report to their consulates for military widespread than ever. A more care­
service when their classes are called. ful distinction is officially maintained
The German consulates have recently between German citizens and non­
completed a detailed list of the mili­ citizens. The former, when they come
tary records of all German citizens to the United States, must report to
residing here. their consuls and give an account of
“ Under the new system which, it their activities. And all their move­
may be assumed, is operated partly m en ts, w h om th e y v is it , what
at least through G erm an co n su ls speeches they make, are recorded in
abroad. German citizens throughout detail in a card-catalog in the Stutt­
the world are subjected to strict sur­ gart Institute. The Italians maintain
veillance by Nazi authorities.” (New a similar institute in Rome under
York Herald Tribune, A u gu st 28, Piero Farini.
1937.) In other words, Nazi agents The Germans abroad who are not
abroad. Like the Comintern which we German citizens are called Volks-
used to hear so much about, but more deutsclie or “ racial comrades.” Offi­
so. cially they don’t Heil Hitler; actually
The a u th o r ita t iv e Berlin Tage- they do at every meeting of the Bund.
blatt boasts that “ the Nazi party or­ They are kept track of in increasing
ganization in another country vir­ numbers in the Stuttgart Institute.
tually represents the German state.” All German o r g a n iz a tio n s in the
American Fuehrer Fritz Kuhn, head world (45,000 of them) are there cat­
of the German-American Bund, com­ aloged, with exact information as to
posed of American citizens, with its their members and activities. For ex­
militarily organized Storm Troopers ample, a mountain-climbing club: the
or Ordnungsdienst, re p re s e n ts the names and occupations of all mem­
German government in America. bers and accounts of all the trips they
Representative Samuel D ic k s te in make. The club sends drawings and
says: “ Because of diplomatic immu­ photographs, with exact descriptions,
nity in the consular service, German of roads, mountains, valleys, natural
consulates are carrying on pressure obstacles observed by them. There
against industrialists in the United are already 45,000 such pictures in­
States to furnish money for Nazi sub­ dexed in Stuttgart. From all over the
versive propaganda activities. This world “ racial Germans” are sending
succeeds because consuls are beyond them in. In Stuttgart are telephone
the scope of Congressional subpoena.” books from all over the world, and
The consuls deny it, of course. Dr. all German or G e rm a n -so u n d in g
Hans Borchers, German Consul-Gen­ names are noted and cataloged with
eral in New York, a charming and addresses.
cultured man, assures me that the The German-American Bund, with
Bund is not officially a part of the 78 branches in America, now owns
Nazi party organization, that there is 15 summer camps from New Jersey
no consular surveillance of Germans to Seattle and San Diego, where sum­
here, “ unless,” he added, “ they mis­ mer courses in health and propaganda
behave.” are given to tens of thousands, where
When the Reverend Francis Gross monster mass meetings are pumped
of New Jersey published a Nazi prop­ full of Nazi and anti-Jewish propa­
aganda book several years ago, at­ ganda speeches, usually with German
tacking the Jews, his printer asked consular o f f i c i a l s p r e se n t, w here
him for some money on account and quasi-military drill is held with or
he said he could get it from the Ger­ without guns, where Italian military
man government. He was right. He clubs come and Heil too— where did
got six 50-dollar bills from the (then) this Bund get its money? Voluntary
C on su l-G en eral Kiep—-“ not official contributions! S a id Representative
money,” said the cautious consul— Dickstein in Congress, November 17,
and the German Embassy in Wash­ 1937: “ The American Nazis known
ington bought a batch of the books as the German-American Bund [are]
for $70, paid for with the check of an subsidized from within the United
Embassy secretary. States and without, cleverly con­
When George Sylvester Viereck did nected with the consular service, us­
propaganda work here for the Nazi ing the Hapag Lloyd Steamship Com­
regime, after securing a Berlin gov­ pany and the North German Lloyd as
ernment contract for Nazi publicity the vehicle of communications with
in America to be handled by the New Germany.” American business firms
York firm of Carl Byoir, he got with branches in Germany have con­
money from this same Dr. Kiep in tributed generously to such Nazi
what he called “ a gentlemanly way”— propaganda activities. Branch firms in
cash, no embarrassing checks. He Germany are under Nazi domination;
didn’t enter the money in his account all German business is proclaimed an
books. Dr. Kiep got the money “ from instrument of the German state. The
friends.” Mr. Viereck also got a cut chain of cause and effect is obvious.
on the $108,000 Byoir contract which The Nazi government used the
was paid nominally by the German German Tourist Agency to transmit
Railway and Tourist Information Of­ funds for the Byoir-Viereck propa-
26

ganda. When Heinz Spanknobel came said the United States Labor Depart­
to America illegally in 1933, posing ment gave him a u th o r ity in such
as a clergyman* he used the Ham­ cases. He added, according to Mrs.
burg Amerika-North German Lloyd Pellani, “ I know the place you come
to transmit a subsidy to his news­ from in the old country. The Italian
paper, the Deutsche Zeitung— $600 a government can watch you in this
month with advertising as a pretext, country and watch your mother in
but regardless of space rates. The the old country.” C on su l J a n n elli
company didn’t like the arrangement. made similar threats to Antonio Cav-
But it was orders from Berlin. It aglio, who like Pellani is a member of
paid. the Democratic Party, and to Tullio
Spanknobel tried to dictate news­ Cavitore, according to their affida­
paper policy to American publishers vits.
like Victor F. Ridder, owner of the Whether or not Consul Jannelli
New Yorker Staatszeitung. “ Spank­ was actually “ working with the La­
nobel came to show us his authority bor Department,” as he said, is not
from certain officials in Germany to known. In other instances American
control the German-language press in officials have been obliging to Italian
the United States and to notify us diplomatic and consular officials. At
that the pro-Jewish articles which we the request of the Italian Ambassa­
had been running would not be per­ dor, as later sta te d b y A ssista n t
mitted any longer.— He p re se n ted U n ited S ta tes Attorney Mattuck,
himself as the representative of the Carlo Tresca, American citizen, was
German government, sent for the jailed for publishing an attack on the
purpose of directing or controlling the Italian monarchy in his paper, II Mar-
German-language p r e s s .” R id d e r tello. He was later sentenced to a
practically threw him out. year in prison, not for that offense,
Getting control of newspapers has however, but for a birth control ad­
been done more cautiously since the vertisement published after his ar­
Spanknobel fiasco. But it has been rest. That was in 1923. Much more
done. recently, in 1937, two Italians, Vin­
The G erm an Foreign Office now cent Ferrero and Demenick Sallitto.
claims ownership of five German- legal residents of unblemished repu­
lan gu age w e e k lie s in the United tation, were arrested and ordered de­
States: Nachrichten (W a s h in g to n ported for having rented a room
State), Sonntagsbote (P itts b u r g h ), above their restaurant to an Anarch­
Express (Toledo), Weltpost (Lincoln, ist editor. The Federal Inspector in
N e b r a s k a ), and Volksblatt (New the case noted “ I understand the
York State). Italian Consul is very much inter­
The belief is general among Ger­ ested in the deportation.”
man-Americans and Italian-Ameri­ In 1936 Walter Saupe, a German
cans that if they speak against the sailor on the Hamburg-Amerika R e­
home governments or fail to take liance, while in port in New York,
hints from consular-supervised organ­ was overheard in a cafe complaining
izations, their relatives in the old about his treatment on board. The
country will suffer. New York c o n s u la te -g e n e ra l pub­
“ If [Italian im m ig ra n ts to the lished in a German paper in New
United States] enter any organization York a request for information as to
having for its purpose opposition to his whereabouts, stating, “ Brother is
Fascismo their property in Italy will looking for him.” Two days later he
be confiscated. Organizations have was arrested by Federal Inspectors
been formed in this country to dis­ and narrowly escaped deportation to
co u ra g e [th e ir ] naturalization. If a German concentration camp.
they do not obey, their families in Voluminous testimony of a like na­
Italy are subject to p e r s e c u tio n .” ture against Italian consuls in Pitts­
William Green, President American burgh, Scranton and Detroit has been
Federation of Labor, in a letter to the submitted to the State and Justice
Federation. Departments.
“ [Italians abroad who refuse to be­ Consular interference with legiti­
come fascists] must be hunted like mate American business is usually dis­
human beasts, like lepers; we must creet, occasionally blatant. The Nazi
persecute them without pity to make consul-general in Los Angeles threat­
their liv e s im p o s s ib le , no matter ened German boycott of the film The
where they live. . . . The danger of Road Back by Erich Remarque, hated
punishment and reprisals on the part by the Nazis. Also a boycott on all
of the resident citizens [in Italy] future films in which the actors of
against the families of emigrants will The Road Back might appear. He was
force the bastard sons to desist.” subsequently obliged to apologize for
Alessandro Melchiorri, vice secretary the personal threats, but his intimida­
general of the fascist party. A pro­ tion caused such mutilation of the
posal which he made in this sense was film by the producers that the director
later adopted by the Government. later stated: “ Everything that meant
Italian Consul A. P. Jannelli, of anything is now out of the film.”
Johnstown, Pennsylvania, told Mrs. In St. Louis the German consul
Gavino Pellani of Nettleton, accord­ was successful in having banned from
ing to her sworn statement, that he that city a film which exposed the
would have Pellani’s American citi­ Jew-baiting tactics of the Nazi re­
zenship revoked and have him de­ gime. Both Italian and German con­
ported to Italy because Pellani had sulates, however, sponsor fascist and
collected money for destitute chil­ Nazi propaganda films in America.
dren of Loyalist Spain. The consul There has recently been a general

It Does Happen Here * H e is now’ a refugee from Am erican justice.

June 16. 1938 27

shake-up in the German consular learned that he flew to San Francisco

service. An astounding appointment and conferred with von Killinger.
is that of Manfred Freiherr von Kil- Among the American fascists whom
linger to the consul-generalship of von Killinger has conferred with on
San Francisco, one of the most deli­ the Coast are representatives of the
cate spots politically in the country fascist Silver Shirts. The Fuehrer of
in view of the rising tension with th is organization, William D u d le y
Japan. Pelley, has since written in his weekly
Von Killinger was a mem ber of The New Liberation, of “ our little
the notorious secret military society pig-killing democracy” going on to
“ Consul,” which perpetrated many “ new lows of insanity, recession and
political murders in Germany after moral insolvency.” He states that
the War, including that of Foreign “ The United States is on its way to
Chancellor E rzberger. As a profes­ becoming a sixth or se v e n th -r a te
sional insurrectionist he supervised country, emasculated or gelded,” and
many of the atrocities of the German then, altering th e m e ta p h o r , th at
civil war. In his book, Gay and “ Dame Columbia, poor old enameled
Grave from an Insurrectionist’s Life, hag,” will be “ raped and stay raped”
he describes with gusto the horse­ (yet how could the poor lady unrape
whipping of a communist girl, at his herself?) if she doesn’t make a deal
orders, “ until white spots no longer with Japan and Italy and Germany
remained on her backside.” Von Kil­ before the Chinese “ incident” is over.
linger was tried for complicity in the Without this deal our “ pop-gun battle­
Erzberger murder. He was acquitted, ships will be attempting to fire their
as were most Germans who were im­ s a lv o s fr o m the b o tt o m o f the
plicated in “ patriotic” murders. The Pacific.”
actual murderers were brought back to Since von Killinger’s appointment,
Germany by Hitler and pardoned. Von Nazi organizations have offered them­
Killinger became a leader of Hitler’s selves as organized gangs to interfere
Storm Troopers, before the latter’s in American labor disputes. Says the
rise to power. He was named in the Weckruf, official organ of the Bund,
confession of Storm-Troop Leader in an article headed, “ Self-Help Best
Ernst as one of the group of Nazi Means Against Picket Pest,” “ We ask
daredevils who planned the Reich­ the Mayor [o f New York] to con­
stag fire. He later was appointed by sider what would happen . . . if the
Hitler Minister-President of Saxony, merchant were to organize a self­
was arrested during the Blood Purge protection organization . . . It might
o f June, 1934, be that in such
(b eca u se, it is a case bloodshed
said, he knew too w o u ld be un­
m u ch ) and r e ­ NAZI SADI SM avoidable.”
mained se v e ra l e a t h e r w it h h o r s e -w h ip s ,
That fa s c is t
months in a con­
centration camp,
B th e n le t h e r g o ,” I said
a b ru p tly .
gangsters thus in­
terfering in Am­
was released and Two men grasp her, she tries erican labor dis­
played a part in to bite. A slap in the face makes putes might be
su b se q u e n t in­ her obey. In the courtyard she insured again st
trig u es. It has is laid over the whippletree and the consequences
been alleged and horsewhips are applied to her is evident from
v o n K illin g e r until white spots no longer re­ the following roy­
w hen confronted main on her backside. al Italian decree
by an American “ She won’t spit at a brigadier dated August 1,
newspaper man again. Now she will have to 1927, indemnify­
with the charges, lie on her stomach for three ing “ any person
did not deny it, weeks,” says Top Sergeant Her­ who in a foreign
that he was Ber­ mann. country sustains
lin lia is o n man (From Baron Manfred von i n j u r y to h is
with the Oustas- Killinger’s b o o k Ernstes utid health in any con­
ch i Macedonian Heiteres aus dem Putschleben, flict or a ssa u lt
terrorist organi­ the autobiography of the Nazi while acting di­
zation which lat­ gangster who became German rectly or indirect­
er murdered King Consul General in San Fran­ ly for a national
Alexander of Ju­ cisco.) aim.” The home
g o s la v i a and government is the
F re n ch Foreign judge as to what
M in is te r Louis constitutes action
Barthou. The murderers escaped “ indirectly for a national aim.”
through Germany. Later, as member Pressure by consulates and the or­
of the People’s Court, he approved ganizations which they supervise has
the sentence of death against the Am­ not up to now greatly influenced the
erican Helmuth Hirsch. His oppo­ six or seven million American citizens
nents state that he has never been of Italian and German descent. Many
used by his superior officers for any­ of the Italian and German organiza­
thing except insurrection and intrigue, tions in this country are inclined to
and ask why he was appointed to the b e lie v e that N a zism and fascism
San Francisco post just four weeks saved their countries from bolshe­
before the Japanese assault on China. vism. But they don’t hate Jews or
Shortly thereafter one of Hitler’s goose-step to the orders from the
three confidential adjutants, Captain g o v e rn m e n ts o f R o m e or Berlin,
Fritz Wiedemann, came to America through their consular agents or the
“ on a holiday.” Only later it was quasi-official Bund. •
28

NOTES ON THE YANGTZE RIVER

ig h t y Yangtze Kiang, r iv e r they do not envy the town dwellers.

PI6 BRISTLES
M highway for the 200.000.000
human beings of central China, flows
From every part of central China,
down tributary streams, along the
3,200 miles from its sources among thousand-mile Grand Canal that
the clouds of the Tibetan plateau pierces North China, in sampans
down to the Eastern Sea. Near its come the tribute of the people. In
mouth on teeming Whangpoo and ports along the river, at Suifu, Chung­
Soochow Creeks sprawls Shanghai, king, Kweichow, the Han cities, An-
one-time Pearl of the Orient and key king. Nanking, Chinkiang, it is dis­
to the immense hinterland of 1,000,- charged into broad-bosomed junks or
000 square miles drained by the flat-bottomed river steamboats for
master-river. transshipment to Shanghai, the Port
The Yangtze Kiang is at once the of Ports, the great entrepot to the
.Standard life blood and the scourge of central world.
oil co.
SEventy Percent of China. To this enormous stream half Eggs, hides, pig intestines, bristles,
T H E P O P U L A T I O N OF T H E
P R O V I N C E OF S Z E C H W A N the population of Cathay owe the pos­ skin, beans, rice, cotton, iron ore, tea.
ARE O P I U M ADDICTS J
sibility o f life. For them it is Main opium (9,000 tons of it a year), silk,
Street, the Mississippi, the Lincoln mineral oil, coal, rope, cement, wheat,
Highway— the broad avenue of com­ peanuts, pottery, paper make up the
mercial intercourse binding the cen­ cargoes drawn from the plains and
tral plain into an economic unit. For spilled into the ports.
them it also brings death, destruction, O f all the tr ib u ta r ie s of the
disruption, devastation in its fear­ Yangtze— and among them are lordly
some midsummer floods. streams such as the Min, Kialing and
From Chungking to the sea, this Han— none are more important than
river carries the densest traffic of any those ugly, slu g g ish tid a l w aters
o f the world’s waterways. known as the Whangpoo River and
Soochow Creek. Only by courtesy is
o m a n knows exactly where the

BANDITS IN
N Yangtze starts among the unex­
the Whangpoo a river, but along its
banks lies Shanghai.
TH E S E H I L L S
plored m o u n ta in s bordering Tibet, U n til the J a p a n ese in v a s io n ,
Kuku Nor and Sinkiang. But when dredges worked day and night, year
the rushing mountain torrent, plung­ in and year out, sucking mud from
ing down from the three-mile high the bottoms of the Whangpoo and the
plateau reaches s e ttle d country, the Soochow.
Chinese call it the River o f Golden But as soon as the dredges move
Sands— Hinsha Kiang. on, the mud relentlessly moves in be­
STANDARD After flowing a thousand miles and hind them.
O i l CO. dropping 14,000 feet, it enters dense­ Mud and silt— the greatest prob­
ly-peopled S zech w an , rich interior lem of Shanghai, the question mark
province. A t S u ifu th e R iv e r o f that hangs over the city threatening
Golden Sands abandons its wildest to ruin its proud trade and reduce it
turbulence and consents to bear bur­ to the marshland it was 100 years
dens of small boats. Flowing through ago.
the Red Basin, its waters turn to Every year the Yangtze delivers
golden red. Here it is a placid, idyllic 6.S billion cubic feet of the good
CHINA'S CM 1CA frl> stream preparing for its struggle to earth of China at its mouth. For years
cut through the mountain folds that the Whangpoo Conservancy Board—
separate Szechwan from the central in charge of keeping Shanghai a port
Chinese plain. The river rushes furi­ — has struggled against this never-
ously through these gigantic cuts, ending cargo of slithering mud deliv­
trying to the uttermost the courage ered relentlessly by the great river.
tail. and skill o f river pilots headed for Larger ocean vessels cannot reach
Chungking. the main docks at Shanghai and con­
At Ichang it emerges from the tent themselves with Woosung, the
Gorge country, a bare 130 feet above outport where the Whangpoo joins
sea level but still a thousand miles the Yangtze. Thirty miles below W oo­
THEN£*E
- PANAY
SANK
from its end. Along the central plain sung is the Eastern Sea. Between sea
the river flows slowly, majestically, and river lie long, shifting bars that
between banks often miles apart. are the despair of conservancy engi­
After the rains o f June and July in neers.
the monsoon season it spills upon the Ships drawing 30 feet or more must
flat country forming great lakes often wait for tide and chance to cross Fairy
a hundred miles wide and covering Flats Bar, into which the conservancy
the good earth with a blanket of wa­ board hoped to cut a slit 600 feet
•gt C h in k ia n
ter 50 feet high. wide and 33 feet deep.
On the lower reaches, the Great
River is home to millions. For cen­ h e fate of Shanghai as a world

turies babes have been born in the

countless sampans and junks that
T port now hangs on the pleasure
of Japan’s warlords. They have taken
often, in narrow places, cover the control of the dredges of the Whang­
river from shore to shore. For cen­ poo Conservancy Board. If they do
turies these babes have grown to nothing, the Yangtze, pouring 770.000
manhood, declined to senescence, cubic feet of water, silt and mud
often without touching foot to soil. every second across the bars, will seal
To river children it is a very curious up the harbor of Shanghai more ef­
sensation to walk on the surface fectively than could all the navies of
of the hard, unyielding earth, and the world. •

Main Street of China

June 16, 1938 29

the repossessed cars quite a bit. The nausea of Russia is quite as

BUT YOU CAN’T LIVE ON LIBERTY Jimmy is a salesman of gas refrig­
erators. But business is lousy now. He
bad. But people don’t seem to have
any time to waste. No we don’t like
gets $7 a week expenses. Once in the Stalin or Lenin, even if we have read
spring of ’37 he made as high as $110 all the best books on dialectical
one month. He has had two years of materialism.
college and a wife in the sight of God. Maybe we should turn to religion.
They don’t live together now because Well, for old people, priests and
he can’t buy enough food. She works preachers are all right, but for us “ No
in a laundry in a town 40 miles away. Birth Control,” “ the Christian ethic,”
But sometimes p e o p le see a n o th er “ do unto others” are empty words,
woman climbing the back stairs to his when there are no jobs and only a few
room at the old hovel called his room­ unfortunates who have been caught in
ing house. A personable cuss. the snarls of matrimony. Religion is
These are the more successful of for people who live normal lives; we
my schoolmates. They are the em­ do not.
ployed. The rest are staying with “ the So we must get all in a lather about
folks,” or drawing relief checks, or the spread of the “ black plague?”
God knows what. They all seem to Yes, sir, right in the middle of a
have devised a means of existence. campaign against syphilis and reck­
Man is a very adaptive animal, espe­ less drivers we have to get all wrought
cially young men. The will-to-live is up about the spread of totalitarian­
strong, relatively, anyway, when the ism and dictators. But what is there
D i c t a t o r - F o d d e r i f t h e y d o n 't g e t jobs and security
will-to-die is so b e a u tifu lly subli­ in it for us? For the four and a half
mated at the movies or in “ recrea­ million of us, who have been taught
tion” which the government sponsors. to read and write to various degrees
W h a t’s so w onderful about our We have no active part in the econ­ of proficiency. Some of us are from
omy that surrounds us. We are the relief families-;— some of us not quite,
freedom ? W e ca n ’t eat it or cash ones who don’t ride the merry-go- by the grace of God. Many of us
it for goods. W h y shouldn’t w e round. The world can get along with­ have been to CCC camps, trade
out us. There are enough to do all the schools, night schools, some of us
turn it in to a dictator if h e’ll keep work necessary to keep the country have attended college with the help
going. of NYA jobs. But now the days are
us w ell fe d ? W h at h ave w e got so long.
o, we aren’t needed. It would be Sometimes we borrow enough to
out of it, excep t the right to tramp N nice if we could just be custom­
ers. We read the ads and would like
get drunk or see a show after we have
stood in lines before personnel offices
streets and cool our heels in per­ all day. That relieves the nervous
to buy a lot of things if we had the
sonnel offices? Freedom ’s a fine jack. But we aren’t needed. It’s too tension, anyway.
bad. It’s the times. Now, after sev­ Some of us are female and are
thing but it p a y s no bills, buys no eral years of it, we are still tramping rapidly becoming neurotic. Some of us
streets and paying calls to men with are taking the smoothest and easiest
b a b y sh o es. So w h a t can w e do whom we have no “pull” in the hope road. We try to read books on how
that the laws of chance will bring an to live alone and like it. Then we
with it? opening coincident with our arrival at throw away the taunting book, and
that particular office. But chance is take a walk in the park with Bert who
rarely kind. Then one day we read in doesn’t have a job but says he loves
BY JOHN RICHARD MALONE the paper that the stock market has us. You can’t live with his folks and
plunged and a recession has set in! you can’t live with your own.
Only then do we realize that pros­ The government talks about hous­
born in 1914. Some of us were a while. In ’36 Hugh got a job on a ing and interest rates. Both as in­
I
w as perity has been and prosperity has
born ten years before the war; newspaper reporting for 30 simoleans gone and we had no part in it! Now tangible as heaven to us. If we only
some of us in the early twenties. We a week. At last he decided he was ripe there are I I m illion unemployed. had a job, a job, which would bring
range in age from perhaps IS up and married Jean w h om he had That number increases now a million enough for two mouths, or maybe
to 35. courted th ese sev en y e a r s ; a fe w per month according to Democratic th ree or fo u r m ouths. Oh we’re
“ Tsk, tsk. Too bad. Why don’t you weeks later “ retrenchment” sent him political authority. Forty per cent of young, we can wait.
try Diesel engines or television or and his bride looking for a livelihood. th at n u m b er are w e, under 35. Some of us wait. Most of us wait.
something with a future?” you ask us Now he is an $18-a-week reporter on Roughly, we are four and a half mil­ Many of us don’t. Love on the dole.
and turn back to your job or over to a small daily paper. He is an excellent lion. We are parasites, which we hate The kids look a little scrawny. But
another article. reporter. He is also a Bachelor of being. If our folks aren’t paying our what the hell? If Congress can loaf,
Sure, what the heck. Why worry Arts. way, then the WPA, the CCC, or the so can we. What’s wrong with hav­
about us? W e’ll get along some way. Dale is 23. He was an uncommon NYA is. They are nice to us, sort ing a family? It’s perfectly natural,
If the folks can’t, there’s always the socially-minded fellow. He is a $25-a- o f ;— they are saving us. Saving us for isn’t.it?
WPA or the relief office, or if you week press agent in Detroit. what? War, perhaps. What else is Oh of course, you can’t live in a
don’t have astigmatism, the army or Steve left New York for Kansas there? decent house on relief rent or WPA
navy. Sure, youth will find a way. where he finally came upon a job as a Then a magazine a p p ea rs and jobs, but in decent houses you can’t
Youth has what it takes. Yes, sir. In­ reporter for $15 a week. Bachelor of shows us bloody, hate-filled pictures have kids anyway; the landlord won’t
dustry likes young men. You bet. Arts. of Hkler; how Germany is crushing permit it.
Mario is 22. He has been working Walt, he was class president in high the bloom from civilization. Then Congress. Baloney. They do what
on and off at the assembly plant for school, is 26 now. Every now and ’midst wild acclaim, Austria becomes the president says or what will bring
four years now. He gets a day or two then he gets in an extra day of ditch­ part of Germany. We go to the library them the most votes at home. Com­
every week. He makes from $7 to $15 digging for the gas company or one and look at Hitler’s M y Battle. He mon welfare. Arguing over pesky
a w eek w h ich k eep s h im s e lf, his of the plumbers. H e liv e s w ith his says “ marriage should'be freed from little prejudices, hates, playing sec­
mother, sister and brother. He is not b r o th e r w ho has a p o li t ic a l ly - the d a m n a b le regim e o f finance” tionalism and countermalices. A few
eligible for relief. “ Damn if I would appointed job as a waterworks fire­ which we agree to. He curses again radio d em ag ogu es pull the heart
take it a n y w a y . I ’ m to o proud.” man at $20 per week. and again the Jews, who, ipse dixit, strings of the common people, the
Mario has a strong back. George is a collector for the finance are the basis of his hate, the cause of puppet saviors of this great country,
Hugh, he’s 28 now, spent seven company at home. He gets $12 every Germany’s troubles. B ut H it le r ’ s and a flood of telegrams pours in.
years getting through college. His week which does not keep him and crazy. Still Mr. Hoover says people all Yes, that is one sort of democracy,
father is a construction expert, but the little woman very happily mar­ have jobs over there and self-respect, except—
there wasn’t any construction for quite ried. Of course he gets to use one of even if there is no liberty. Why must a country which is sup-
posed to be so rich, keep us so poor? those who help us. You bet. Maybe manifest on the American economic immense risk, entirely on the assump^
Why is there no place for us? you would like to get on the band­ body. And then, too late, the nation tion that France would not call his
We still have some initiative. But wagon early. will discover that it is infected with bluff. At that stage Germany was in­
it takes capital in addition to initia­ This freedom which is talked about parasitic men and women who want comparably in fe r io r to France iii
tive nowadays. And if you have no so freely is a great luxury to young to live a natural life and can’t. armed strength, and the unfortified
capital, no job even, initiative, like normal men and women who can not But while the old country is still Rhineland was open to French inva­
any unused talent, lies dormant and, marry and have homes. Syphilis is outwardly healthy and can still feed sion. If Hitler decided to take the
at last, atrophies, becoming part of a one result; th ere is a ca m p a ign us the spirochetic humans which are plunge in spite of this, it was because
dough-like being once called man; a against it. Totalitarianism is another. in your econom ic blood but which he had good reason to suppose that
man now as parasitic as a tapeworm But it’s probably too late to do any­ haven’t reached the nerve centers, go France would do nothing. What must
or a spirochete. thing. For the spirochete of Totali­ ahead and enjoy voluptuously this have encouraged his belief more than
I waited in a personnel office the tarianism is a lre a d y in the blood liberty. Print everything, expose all; anything was the French preoccupa­
other day and a meek little man stream. It is we, the 4,500,000 of us but hurry, because one of these days tion with the defense of the franc. His
walked in, patted the manager, an old who will be 5,000,000 by the time you won’t be able to. Men and assumption proved to be correct. The
friend, on the back. I found the meek this is printed. Like chancres or pa- women won’t stay this way. It’s not French Government, when confronted
one to be a vocational advisor in one resis one day we will make ourselves ✓ natural. • (P ictures on Pages 47-49) with the choice between saving the
of the junior colleges. He wanted to franc and safeguarding the security of
place the top boy in accountancy with France, chose the former. Unbelieva­
the firm “ to keep up the morale of ble as it may sound, France missed
the students.” The manager said he the supreme opportunity to check the
would see what he could do, but
things were pretty tough these days.
FRANC-WISE AND FRANCE-FOOLISH growing tide of the German peril be­
cause energetic action to that end
“ Our morale” uh huh. would have meant the end of the de­
Dad is pretty decent with us. “ Any fense of the franc.
luck today son?” Then he gives us six Ever since May, 1935 the franc has
bits which we use to take Mary to been subject to persistent attacks.
the dance, even if her feet are “ kill­ These attacks were undoubtedly justi­
ing her” when she gets off work at fied, for the franc was certainly too
Woolworth’s at nine on Saturday dear. Prices in France were much too
night. She is lucky to have such a high, and it was impossible to reduce
good job as to get $8 every week. them adequately. The b u d g et was
She is better than we are. hopelessly unbalanced. French trade
But don’t worry about us. They, was paralyzed by high costs and inter­
the government and the folks seem est rates. Unemployment was grow­
to be saving us, saving us for the ing. The Bank of France was losing
grave and nothing done. They put us gold persistently as a result of the
on the top shelf in the linen closet flight of French capital abroad. The
with the baby diapers to be forgotten. obvious remedy was to follow the ex­
“ It’s the times.” ample of the dollar, sterling and most
Then one of these days one of us other currencies and to devalue the
will thumb his nose right at society, franc. French pride and stubbornness,
good taste, the Constitution, the rea­ however, prevented the adoption of
Ba nk G o v e rn o r T a n n e r y p r e f e r r e d t o s a v e th e f r a n c
soned restraint of democracy and this common sense solution. The Gov­
senile Congressmen. He is going to ernment, Parliament and the predom­
bellow some words and we will clap inant majority of experts and the pub­
and shout. He will have a lot of In M a r c h , 1 9 3 6 , w h e n F re n c h lic were determined to maintain the
words, prejudices and hate under his franc at its old gold value irrespective
hair. He will know the uses of adver­
statesm en should have thought of the sacrifices involved.
sity and propaganda and the sooth­ of saving France th ey d id n’t be­ To that end. M. Laval, who was
sayer’s voice. He will get up on the Prime Minister between June. 1935
platform: cause, as Hitler sh rew d ly g uessed, and January, 1936, made a desperate
“ We have been deprived of our deflationary drive. He sought to en­
lives as human beings in the 20th cen­ th ey w ere much too busy saving force ruthless cuts in the budgetary
tury in a democracy. Is that liberty?” expenditure, an all-round reduction of
Maybe he will denounce capital­
the fran c. And traditional French prices, wages, rents, interest, etc. His
ism; probably he won’t. He may pick deflationary drive left behind wide­
th rift lo st th e a rm a m e n t ra c e
on the Jews or the Japs. He will spread discontent, all the more since
parry reason and facts with hatred w hen France w a s the h a re to the it was obviously not going to save the
and passion. He knows there are four franc in the long run. Attacks on the
and a half millions of young jobless Teutonic tortoise. franc were renewed from time to time;
who would like to settle down to nor­ and the Bank of France continued to
mal family life. That is all the fact lose gold. Realizing the failure of his
he need know. An avalanche is dif­ BY PAUL EINZIG efforts, M. Laval resigned early irt
1936, leaving to his successor the evil
ficult to stem. So is syphilis after it
consequences of his policy.
gets so far along.
armed force to respect the Treaty of M. Sarraut, who succeeded M. La­
We hate the black plague of totali­
tarianism. We hate syphilis.
O nmany’s
M arch 29, 1938, Nazi Ger­
p o w e r fu l propaganda Versailles. Between March, 1936 and val, pledged himself to the stubborn
defense of the franc. To that end he
Freedom of the press is good. But chief, Dr. Goebbels, made a startling March, 1938, German rearmament
admission. Speaking in Austria in the made spectacular progress, and the followed M. Laval’s policy of keeping
if it does us no good, what then? We down the expenditure of the armed
course of Hitler’s plebiscite campaign, German side of the Franco-German
are not great enough to want to be forces, even though this meant relin­
he declared, almost in so many words, frontier has been converted into an
martyrs. When it comes to food or quishing the supremacy of French mil­
that if France had taken action in impregnable fortress, at least equal in
liberty, we will take the food, gam­ itary strength on the continent. While
March, 1936, when Germany reoccu­ strength to the vaunted French Magi-
bling the chance that someday we not line. German rearmament was going ahead
pied the Rhineland, Germany would
may return to liberty. have been unable to resist the French Dr. Goebbels’ admission makes it at full speed irrespective of cost, the
We will call our movement an army. He added that meanwhile the clear that when in 1936 Hitler de­ French General Staff’s urgent demand
American movement, and probably situation had changed completely, so cided, in face of the opposition of the that more money should be spent on
get some lusty old buck like Hearst that there could no longer be any ques­ Reichswehr and of his political and the armed forces was disregarded by
or MacFadden to say nice things— it tion of a march from Paris to Berlin. economic advisers, to reoccupy the MM. Laval and Sarraut. To satisfy
will mean circulation to him. Sure, Evidently France missed her oppor­ Rhineland, it would have been easy these demands would have meant an
we will preserve the status quo for tunity to compel Hitler’s Germany by for France to stop him. He took an increase of the budgetary deficit, and
Ju ne 16, 7938 37

with it an increase of the difficulties Bank of France, M. Tannery. As a re­

of the defense of the franc. sult of these consultations he eventu­
On March 7, 1936, the world was ally decided to abandon the idea of
startled by the report that the troops mobilization. There can be little doubt
of the German Reichswehr, acting on that the extra expenditure of six mil­
orders from Hitler, had entered the liard francs at that stage would have
demilitarized zone of the Rhineland in provided the last straw to break the
defiance of the Treaties of Versailles resistance of the franc. It would have
and Locarno. Although this was not become necessary to devalue the franc.
the first shock which the German Dic­ Rather than do that, M. Sarraut de­
tator had delivered since his advent to cided to leave Hitler in undisturbed
power, it was by far the most violent. possession of the Rhineland.
Feelings ran p a r tic u la r ly high in World history sometimes turns on
France as the reappearance of German trifles. Even though six milliard francs
troops in the Rhineland brought the may appear a formidable amount (it
danger of German aggression nearer. was worth about 400 million dollars
Troops were rushed into the fortifica­ on the basis of the then prevailing ex­
tions of the Maginot line to reassure change rate) it was a trifle compared
the French public. with the tremendous issue that was at
The French Government itself was stake. Had the French Government,
fully aware that at that stage Ger­ by m obilizing in March, 1936, suc­
many was not nearly strong enough to ceeded in inducing Hitler to withdraw
attempt an invasion. Nevertheless, it his troops from the Rhineland— and
considered the idea of mobilization in after Dr. Goebbels’ admission there
order to intimidate Hitler and force can be little doubt that they would
him to withdraw his troops from the have succeeded in that o b je c t— the
Rhineland. Fast experience has shown expenditure of the six milliard francs
that a display of force is the only would have been the best investment
language which is understood and ap­ France, or indeed any other country,
preciated in Berlin under the present ever made. Even from the narrowest
regime. When in 1934 the Austrian financial point of view, it represented
Nazis, supported by Germany, re­ but a fraction of the additional amount
volted and assassinated the Chancel­ which France had to spend subse­
lor, Dr. Dollfuss. Mussolini threw a quently on her national defense in a
few mechanized divisions up to the hopeless effort to offset the disad­
Italo-Austrian frontier, and Germany vantages suffered through the remili­
thereupon withdrew her active sup­ tarization of the Rhineland. Even if the
port from the Austrian Nazis, whose extra expenditure of the six milliard
revolt was therefore easily quelled by francs had led to the devaluation of
the Austrian Government's troops. Had the franc, it would only have precipi­
France mobilized in March, 1936, the tated by six months what eventually
triumphal march with which Hitler's happened in any case. It may well be
Germany had proceeded from success asked whether the postponement of
to success would have suffered a se­ the devaluation from March to Sep­
vere reverse. It is understood that the tember, 1936 was really of such great
generals of the Reichswehr warned advantage as to make it worth while
Hitler definitely that if the Reichs­ to sacrifice the vital necessity of na­
wehr troops met with resistance they tional defense and European peace. In
would be withdrawn immediately. This March, 1936 the French nation had to
was known at the time in well-in­ choose between the franc and France.
formed circles, and the statement Personified by its Prime Minister, M.
made by Dr. Goebbels on March 29, Sarraut. it made its fateful choice.
1938, fully confirms it. The amazing attitude of the Sarraut
Why did M. Sarraut, who is known Government in this matter is reminis­
to have intended originally to mobil­ cent of a well-known Grand Guignol
ize, change his mind? When, following play in which a party of policemen
the reoccupation of the Rhineland, enter a house at the exact moment
the French Cabinet discussed the when a murderer is about to remove
question of m obilization. General the body of his victim trussed in a
Gamelin, Chief of the French General trunk. A sergeant wants to detain him
Staff, was called in to give his opinion. to investigate the co n te n ts of the
He informed M. Starraut that the cost trunk, but he is severely reprimanded
of mobilization would be six milliard by his superior officer, who says:—
francs, and that he would decline the “ Do not waste time. We have some­
responsiblity for it unless it was un­ thing more important to do— we have
derstood that this sum would be forth­ to raid the night club next door.” The
coming. His caution was understand­ Government of M. Sarraut, too, had
able, since any attempt to carry out something more important to do. They
the mobilization ‘'on the cheap,” in ac­ had to “ save” the franc, at any rate
cordance with the budgetary policy for another six months. Hitler’s amaz­
pursued by the Government, would ing political instinct proved to be cor­
have produced highly inadequate re­ rect. The French Government was too
sults, and General Gamelin was natur­ busy defending the franc to go out of
ally anxious to safeguard himself its way to prevent the remilitarization
against being made the scapegoat for of the Rhineland.
failure due to misplaced parsimony on The consequences of allowing Ger­
the part of the Government. many to refortify her western fron­
M. Sarraut, when he was informed tier are incalculable. The reason why
of the size of the amount required, Hitler dared to engage a large part of
consulted his Finance Minister, M. Germany’s standing army in the oc­
Regnier, and the G overnor of the cupation of Austria two years later
Timber!
32

was that he could rely upon the for­ painting the word on his office door.
midable line of defenses along the
Rhineland to hold up any French at­
THE BATTLE OF THE EYES AND O’S The ophthalmologist is supposedly
a top-flight oculist. Again, under the
tack pending mobilization. If Hitler law, he is the sole judge of his own
should decide to strike out against qualifications; he need pass no tests
Czechoslovakia, it will be because, if before he assumes the title. Most of
France were to carry out her pledge the best ones, however, are members
to support the victim of German ag­ of the National Ophthalmological So­
gression, her capacity to do so would ciety; and to join, a man must have
be limited by the difficulty of break­ spent five years specializing in eye
ing through the German line of forti­ work. If he wishes, he may also take
fications in the Rhineland. This reduc­ a qualifying examination which the
tion of France’s capacity to assist her society offers; but to date, of all the
allies in Central and Eastern Europe thousands of oculists in the country,
has already diverted several of her only some hundreds have undergone
former allies to the German camp. this examination.
World history has already been affect­ In Chicago, as in most cities, health
ed by the fateful decision of March, of sch oolch ildren gets thin-spread
1936; there is reason to fear that it attention from school doctors and
will be affected to an even larger ex­ nurses. No eye specialists are em­
tent. ployed. Vision tests usually are given
It would be idle to pretend that the by nurses or teachers with the Snellen
defense of the franc was the only con­ H is f r e e t e s t s w e r e banned t o p l e a s e his le s s c o m p e t e n t m e d ic a l r iv a ls card; the child is asked to read row
sideration in M. Sarraut’s mind. There after row of smaller and smaller let­
can be no doubt, however, that it was ters with one eye, then the other, un­
the consideration on which his deci­ Optom etrists in Chicago started til the limit of ability is reached.
sion turned. Nor is this by any means Even when correctly given, the test
the only in sta n ce of the immense to give free tests in high schools, tells only whether the child can see
importance of the p a rt p la y e d by or not at a distance of 20 feet. It
the franc in world politics in recent discovered serious neglect. M edi­ discloses nothing about eye strain,
years.
cal societies of O culists and O p h ­ or working efficiency at a normal
It is sufficient to recall that ' was reading distance of 13 inches; and
the policy of budgetary ecoi omies thalm ologists interfered, stopped all too often even the limited re­
pursued in the interests of prev mting sults obtained are unreliable. Eyes
a depreciation of the franc tha' gave the free tests. A sked for substitute are covered with a half-opened hand,
Germany her chance to catch u with and children having one poor eye can
France in the matter of rearm nent. tests, th ey said " p a y us." conceal the fact by peeping between
The French G en era l Staff d to the fingers with the good eye.
watch, helpless, as the arch- lemy A few school principals have tried
across the Rhine, with the aid f un­
BY MARTIN STEVERS
for years to improve upon this slip­
limited resources which were placed at shod routine; but the first mass attack
the disposal of his army, increased in Chicago was at Tilden High. The
his military strength far beyond that ate in 1936, a group of em- and Senn stood forth as one school, optometrists of the city, working in
of France. Nor was this all. It was the
discontent caused by M. Laval’s des­
L ■1 battled mothers stormed the o f­
fice of Chicago’s superintendent of
at least, in Chicago in which the stu­
dent body could be considered vis­
squads arranged by their society, gave
hundreds of pupils a series of 12 tests,
perate deflationary drive of 1935 that schools. The members o f the group ually equipped to do its work. free of charge. They examined the
was directly responsible for the So­ were mothers of children in the Nich­ Thus the Senn incident seemed to retina inside the eyeball for evidence
cialist victory at the French General olas Senn Technical High School, and end in peace. Actually, it proved to of disease, they tried shining light
Election of 1936. It is the conse­ represented a politically and socially be the opening battle in a war which through the lids to detect scars on the
quences of this Socialist victory that important segment of the city’s popu­ has raged in Chicago ever since, with eyeball, they tested whether both eyes
have paralyzed France ever since as a lation. They wanted to know why some 470,000 schoolchildren caught were functioning, or only one, they
factor in world politics, owing to in­ their children’s eye-tests had been between the firing lines. The war is measured the shape of the eyeball
cessant financial, political and social canceled. between the armies of the three O’s with reflected light, to detect astigma­
troubles. Superintendent Johnson hemmed, — the optometrists on one side, and tism, they tested for sustained close
Even after the devaluation of the hawed, and produced a telegram. It the oculists and the ophthalmologists reading; they tested everything in­
franc, the resistance to the further read in substance— on the other. cluding color vision.
depreciation, which became necessary V IG O R O U S L Y P R O T E S T A G A IN S T The optometrist is a comparative Then they told what was needed.
through M. Blum’s Popular Front ex­ THESE TESTS INSIST THEY BE STOPPED newcomer, a product of recent dec­ No prescriptions for glasses were
periment, was responsible for the in­ AT o n c e (Signed) p r e s id e n t a n d s e c ­ ades, in the field of eye and vision given, and the burden of the recom­
adequate degree to w h ich F ra n ce retary OF CHICAGO OPHTHALMOLOGI- work. He tests defects of vision, and mendation for further attention was
followed Germany and Italy in the re­ CAL SOCIETY. remedies them with glasses, or to see the family physician.
armament race. “ You see?” through exercises to strengthen weak Did the examination for disease
Examples to show how monetary The ophthalmologists objected be­ muscles. State laws bar him from overstep the legal limits prescribed
policy in France and in other coun­ cause optometrists were making the using or prescribing drugs or medi­ for an optometrist? No, the law re­
tries has reacted upon the course of tests. Free. cines, or treating any form of disease. quires that he be qualified to recog­
world history could be multiplied al­ Explanations, however, fell upon The laws also prescribe at least three nize disease; and contrary to charges
most indefinitely. deaf ears. The mothers were adamant. years o f training in a college-grade commonly heard from the medical
It is high time that statesmen, poli­ The superintendent gave permission school o f optometry, and graduates O’s, his qualifications are high. His
ticians and public opinion realized the to resume the work— and the results must pass a state board examination training includes at a fair minimum,
extent to which their political des­ perhaps explain why the mothers before they receive a license to prac­ 1,166 hours of study given to pathol­
tinies depend upon decisions concern­ wanted to have the findings. Of 1,340 tice. ogy of the eye. Rush Medical College
ing monetary policy. The clock can­ students examined, 369 were found The oculist, however, is medically of Chicago, an outstanding institu­
not be put back. M. Sarraut’s decision with vision defects which needed cor­ trained, and treats diseases of the tion, gives this subject 72 hours in its
to defend the franc rather than the rective measures; three were cases of eye; he also corrects vision defects, general course; and the law accepts
security of France, and other fateful definite disease. Among the pupils with glasses or exercises. In this field, this amount of study as qualifying a
m o n e ta ry decisions, cannot be re­ needing help were more than 30 he differs from the optometrist in man to be an oculist.
versed. The r e a liz a tio n of the im­ whose parents could not meet the ex­ that his ability to fit glasses is strictly As a result of the Tilden High dem­
mense political significance of mone­ pense. This was a situation which the up to him. onstration, groups of mothers from
tary policy, however, might make it mothers had wanted particularly to No law in any state lays down any other schools requested surveys for
possible to avoid in future a repetition uncover, as part of their program was tests; any M .D .,if he wishes, can make their children. The Senn High School
of the same mistakes. • caring for such cases. They did so, himself into an “ oculist” by simply survey was next on the list. And was
Ju ne 16, 1938 33

first to draw protests from the medi­ passed the a v era g e oculist in effi­
cal O’s. ciency. This was only natural, since
The Senn mothers forced through they were c o n c e n tr a tin g upon one
tests for their children; but the medi­ job, while the oculist had the whole
cal men succeeded in s to p p in g all field of eye disease to engage his at­
further free tests by optometrists. tention; usually he did ear, nose, and
Superintendent J oh n son cre a te d a throat work as well. The pioneer lead­
medical advisory board, to pass upon ers in optometry also labored to clean
such surveys. On this board were out the fraud and quackery which had
r e p re s e n ta tiv e s fr o m the Illinois always tainted “ the eye glass busi­
Medical Society, the Chicago Medical ness.” They hiked up the standards
Society, the Chicago Dental Society, in their schools, and besieged legis­
the Board of Health, and the Parent- latures to require formal training and
Teacher Association. state examination of all who wanted
Next, a substitute service was pro­ to practice optometry.
vided. To all this, the medical profession
Some 60 women from the WPA did not object, so long as no optom­
rolls were coached, under direction of etrist became bold enough to suggest
the Ophthalmological Society, in use that any M.D. who wanted to fit
of the Snellen card; and this group glasses should also pass an examina­
went to work as the vision-testing tion in optometry. Such a requirement
staff for the schools. has not yet been written into law in
The substitute s e r v ic e n a tu ra lly any state in the Union.
failed to stop complaints by mothers Modern brilliant lighting, intensi­
who knew about the scientific op- fied habits of reading, and m ovie-go­
tometric tests at Tilden and Senn. ing, have made the public eye-con­
The showdown on the entire sit­ scious, and created a golden flood of
uation came during the course of a business in relieving vision defects.
get-together meeting between moth­ The m e d ic a l profession a s su m e s
ers and representatives of the Med­ that it is entitled to the lion’s share
ical Society. One o f the medical o f this work.
spokesmen told the women flatly that Un f o r t u n a t e l y , optometrists will
they were bound by “ a joint reso­ not consent to be mere Cinderellas of
lution requiring that examinations be medical practice, especially since they
made by physicians, not by optom­ have done far mo r e than all the
etrists or other cultists.” medical groups together to develop
The final, c la r ify in g touch was the modern s c i e n c e o f c o r r e c t i n g
added after the meeting. One doctor vision defects. By efforts such as the
bragged that he was responsible for surveys in the Chicago schools, they
stopping the o p t o m e t r ic tests. A prove they can supply a much-needed
mother asked him whether his group service. And that is the real root of
would provide substitute tests. His the medical objection. The optometric
reply was to the point. “ Pay us for camel is getting its nose too far under
it, and we’ll do the work.” the medical tent; it must be repelled
Even at a minimum figure of one before it has won widespread recog­
dollar a child for mass surveys, some nition as a reputable specialty.
$470,000 would be needed to cover Probably now the hostilities will
the public school enrollment of Chi­ rest at the armistice stage through the
cago. This sum is beyond the re­ summer vacation. The last engage­
sources either of the schools or of ment, in April of this year, was an­
any parent group. Thus the children other pitched b a t t l e f o u g h t to no
are innocent victims of the warfare conclusion. Several months back the
between the embattled O’s. Chicago Optometrical Society offered
If the optometrists had taken prac­ to furnish 3,000 pairs of glasses yearly
tice from the oculists by giving pre­ without c har ge to ne e dy C h i c a g o
scriptions for gla sses during these schoolchildren. Superintendent John­
school surveys, a lusty roar from the son delayed answer, obviously not
medical group would have been only liking to refuse so handsome an offer.
natural. But the surveys were not But when on April 6 the optometrists
taking practice from anybody. Rather, tried to force a showdown before the
they were making practice, by uncov­ end of the school year, Assistant Su­
ering hundreds of previously unsus­ perintendent Frank Beals finally had
pected cases of eye trouble. Who got to make it a turndown, frankly ad­
the cases thereafter was for the par­ mitting that it was because they
ent to decide; and what could be the couldn’t afford to offend the medicos.
objection, professional or ethical, to So the kids who can’t pay can just go
that? without.
The history of relations between The better ones sell prescriptions
optometry and medicine gives the an­ only, like a doc— the optician sells the
swer. glasses.
Until nearly the end of the 19th The optometrists make the point
century, eye glasses were largely a that they are willing to take a chance
commodity, like h a ts ; c u sto m e rs against medical competition on get­
picked them to suit their fancy from ting their share of the business once
a tray in a drug or general store. The they have uncovered the need for
orig in a l optometrist— u tte r ly un­ them. They follow the opening econo­
trained, of course— was little better my of abundance.
than a clerk. T h e m e d ic o s f o l l o w th e c lo s e d
Gradually, the more professional- econom y of scarcity. Their slogan is,
minded optometrists developed their “ It’s no good unless you pay plenty
work into a highly skilled science, and for it. Pay us.” o
(P ictures on Pages 50-51)
Far from the Madding Crowd
34

to prevent the have-nots from coming in a sense the present armament race
ERA OF PREVENTIVE ARMAMENT up from behind and sprinting to the
tape, shoulder to shoulder with their
is aimed at maintaining peace. And
one can even play with a new for­
rivals, the haves. mula: “An armament race between
Out of the World War came the unbalanced powers will tend to pre­
formula: “ An armament race meant serve peace.”
war in 1914. Hence any armament But the formula is doubtful in that
race means war.” This sounds logical wording. France and Russia may fall
enough but it only becomes so with out, and cannot even now count too
the insertion of two short phrases. solidly on each other’s help. If this
Put this way it is true: “ An arma­ alliance is broken, Russia might come
ment race meant war in the world of together with Germany, or it might
1914. Hence any armament race in retire from European affairs, and be­
such a world means war.” come an armed spectator, like the
Before 1914 Europe had been main­ United States. If Russia withdraws,
taining peace by a balance of power. then the combined strength of Ger­
For 40 years two equally strong groups many and Italy, and any minor allies
nestled down together in peaceful they can pick up, would be pitted
competition. But the moment one against Britain, France and any of
group sought to increase its strength their potential allies. And that would
the attempt did two things, it revealed be something like a balance, and the
that this group was tired of peace and 1914 formula about the certainty of
it forced the rival group to meet the war would apply. If Russia tied in
challenge. A little bit of military su­ with Germany, the superior strength
periority became extremely dangerous would lie on that side, and the have-
because it forecast a military show­ nots would be safe to wade in and
down. It encouraged one side to be­ take what they wanted. So the axiom
lieve it could win a war. must be re-worded. “ An armament
As the drama was played before race b etw een zzzzbalanced p ow ers
D r. B ru en in g — L a s t o f G e rm a n y 's D e m o c r a tic P re m ie rs 1914, both the Triple Entente and tends to preserve peace only if the
the Triple Alliance tried to strengthen stronger and wealthier group sticks
themselves without arousing suspi­ together.”
cions, while each was thoroughly sus­ One of the common assumptions
Arace to arm s betw een b alan ced picious of the motives of the other. about an armament race is that once
Germany’s decision to have a navy begun, it can’t be stopped, and that
pow er groups m eans w a r. But a was the beginning of trouble. The goes to make war inevitable. But it
race to arm s between unbalanced British were sure this meant an even­ isn’t necessarily true that an arma­
tual challenge of their sea-power. ment race can’t be stopped. The mo­
pow er groups postpones w a r for Then the Second Balkan War left tiv e o f Britain and F ra n ce in the
Serbia strong, which weakened Aus­ present race is to arrive through it at
a s long a s the groups can be kept tria. Austria was not rich enough to a general and peaceful settlement.
meet the challenge, so Germany in­ The point in arming is to show Ger­
out of b alan ce . O n ly flaw in this troduced the first capital levy in mod­ many and Italy that they can never
em times which financed two new become strong enough to take what
fine th eory is that poor n atio ns, corps in its own army which should they want by force. So they must
put onto a w a r econom y b y an make up for the weakening of Aus­ take what they can get as a gift. In
tria. This strengthening of Germany return for the gift they must then be­
arm am ent ra ce , ca n ’t afford to alarmed France, and it reintroduced come well-behaved and p e a ce a b le .
three-year military service. A fright­ Britain and France are quite sure the
go b ack to "n o rm a lcy .” But it’s ened Russia laid plans for moderniz­ race will stop and they expect it to
ing its army and speeding up its mo­ stop without war.
too late to w o rry on that score. bilization. France’s and Russia’s prep­ For the scheme to work out, how­
arations warned Germany, and it de­ ever, Britain and France must avoid
cided to strike before Russia could getting into any war that is not imme­
BY RAYMOND GRAM SWING become more formidable. diately and certainly a general war.
T he fo rm u la a b o u t arm am ent Britain mustn’t take on Italy, nor
causing war is better stated in this must France, nor the two of them to­
years ago every returning fascism. In spite of it all a general way: “ An armament race between gether. For the moment they go to
A
few

traveler from Europe, interna­ war is not in sight. two balanced groups of powers means war with Italy, Germany has a free
tional expert and tourist alike, pro­ This is a paradox. It makes sense war.” So worded, the truism does not hand to get everything it wants. And
claimed that early general war was only if explained by another paradox. apply to the Europe of today. For the supremacy of Europe would fall
inevitable. Then the fashion changed, The danger of immediate general war there is no balanced division of the like an apple into Germany’s lap. No
so that now the homecomers agree in Europe has nearly disappeared be­ power in Europe. Instead there is sep­ doubt B rita in alon e c o u ld d e fe a t
that a general war is not coming for cause of the armament race. The fe­ aration into haves and have-nots. A Italy, and France and Britain together
at least a couple of years. verish construction of fighting ma­ few years ago the haves had both su­ could mop up the forces of Mussolini
The forecasters of war were crying chines by Germany and Italy is being periority of power and a treaty which in short order. But having whipped
calamity long before the Nazis came countered by the feverish spending of forbade the rearmament of Germany Italy, they would find Germany in
into power. So it was not fascist arma­ Britain, France, and Russia. The and the other defeated countries. Ger­ possession of everything Kaiser Wil­
ment which frightened them. What have-not countries are making them­ m any to re up the tr e a ty , and helm II failed to win in the World
impressed them was the bitterness of selves strong. But the haves are keep­ Germany and I t a ly launched upon War.
the countries which lost the war, and ing up their superiority over them. costly rearmament. If Britain, Russia From the British and French view­
the oppressive nature of the Treaty And thanks to this race, Europe is en­ and France had done nothing about it, point, if there is to be war it must be
of Versailles. joying a breather. It sounds as fan­ it is probable that the fascist coun­ a general war, one in which Russia
Today the fascist states have tastic as saying a man is having a rest tries would have become equal to jo in s on the side o f F ra n ce and
armed, Europe is still more martially- because he is running the 440. them in strength— and then, if an Britain. For these three powers, with
minded, Spain is the arena for the But it isn’t fantastic, because the armament race started in, it would the Czechs, and possibly the Jugo­
modern world’s first international armament race in Europe isn’t like a h ave satisfied the fo r m u la , th ere slavs and Rumanians, could defeat
civil war, and new warlike doctrines 440. It is unlike any armament race would have been war. But the haves any probable grouping of fascist Eu­
fill the air, such as German racialism, modern man has ever seen. It really did not wait. They set out to main­ ropean powers. It is this consideration
and the teaching that democracy is isn’t a contest, it is a spurt to main­ tain their superiority, which meant to which has made Britain so spineless
fading out and will be superseded by tain a tremendous lead. The point is keep up the imbalance of power. So in the face of Mussolini’s imperti­
June 16, 1938 35

nences, in Spain, in Libia, in Arabia. treaty, France declined to yield any

It has been better to swallow hard of its proud ground. Only as it could
and count a hundred when Mussolini see the Weimar Republic sinking un­
was insulting, than to lose the whole der the rising flood of Nazism did
game of rearmament. France show signs o f coming to its
There is one more observation to senses. Today, France is no longer
make about the danger of war in an master and received nothing to com­
armament race. The have-not coun­ pensate for the lost supremacy.
tries have gone into armament-mak­ The story of the disarmament con­
ing at the price of placing their entire ferences is much too long to sum­
economy on a war basis. It was the marize, and it makes dreary reading.
only way they could carry the burden. But one episode of April, 1932, has
But if, as the haves hope, a general never been told, and it deals with the
settlement is reached, how are the one moment when an agreement hung
have-nots to restore their economy to in the balance, and with it the fate of
a peace basis? Europe.
It is quite easy to go over to a war The chance was lost because of a
economy. The government takes over cold. Yes, the illness, the common
final responsibility. It pays wages at cold. The man who caught the cold
any scale it chooses, it guarantees was the French Premier Tardieu.
profits. There are no business risks. Bruening was chancellor of Ger­
T h is is the recipe fo r a q u ick and many. He needed concessions to stay
sure-fire omelet. But there is no recipe in power. The concessions did not have
lor unscrambling it. to be big ones, and the disarmament
To go back to peaceful industry conference was sitting in Geneva.
means to work through the delicate For America, Colonel Stimson was
mechanisms of supplying a domestic there in person, and Sir John Simon
market, and even in the fascist states for Britain, and Tardieu for France.
the risks would be e n o rm o u s . T he A plan was worked out. Germany was
tr a n s itio n period w o u ld be one of to be allowed a shorter period of con­
great hardship, perhaps letting loose scription, which would automatically
revolutionary forces. Hitler and Mus­ give it the start of a trained reserve.
solini, facing such a danger, might At the time service in the Reichs-
prefer to keep the country united by wehr was for nine years. And Ger­
war than to endanger their power at many was to be allowed the posses­
home without striking a blow. sion of defensive arms. Bruening was
It is perilous to base a nation’s not sure that Hindenburg would ac­
economy on building armaments, par­ cept these terms as enough, but he
ticularly a poor nation’s. So an arma­ gave it as his belief that this much
ment race may lead to war, not be­ generosity would save his position.
cause the armed countries want to go Tardieu was impressed and inclined
out and use their new weapons, but to favor the plan. Everyone else was
because war may look safer to a dic­ enthusiastically for it.
tator than revolution. Except for this Tardieu had to return to Paris, and
reservation, h o w e v e r , th e p re s e n t promised to come back. In Paris he
armament race is not heading for was attacked by the cold. It was no
war; it really is an expensive and diplomatic illness. It made the French
fumbling way of trying to establish premier quite ill. He wanted to travel
peace. and couldn’t.
For all that, the race is one of the The wheel of time moves relent­
most insane follies that history will lessly. France was due to have a gen­
write down to the damnation of this eral election. Before Tardieu recov­
generation. There need, not have been ered, the e le c t io n campaign began.
an armament race. The haves need Obviously, he couldn’t talk disarma­
not have been threatened. They can ment in G en ev a while fighting at
only blame themselves for the tor­ home for his political life. Then fol­
ment of the last five years. Had they lowed the e le c t io n . T a rd ie u was
been willing to reduce their own arma­ beaten, and the next French repre­
ment, as they promised at Versailles sentative at the Geneva conference
to do, the Weimar Republic would was Herriot, the Radical Socialist.
not have fallen. Even Hitler was will­ Now Herriot was a much more rea­
ing to accept a small army, if the sonable man than Tardieu, much
army of France were to be no larger. more likely to be sympathetic with
Most people now forget what his­ Bruening, and more solicitous for the
tory will record, that Mussolini quite survival of the Weimar Republic.
sincerely offered g en u in e disarma­ But w hen H e r r io t a r r iv e d at
ment, that Soviet Russia even pro­ Geneva, Bruening was not there. He
posed co m p le te disarmament (and had already fallen. The German dele­
was ridiculed) and that Hitler, when gation was under orders from Adolf
he first came into power, was quite Hitler.
willing to be moderate so long as Ger­ It may be too much to say that
many was treated as an equal. It was Bruening would have been saved, and
armaments as much as anything an armament race staved off, if Tar­
which broke up the League of Na­ dieu hadn’t caught a cold. But it is
tions, and so ended the possibility o f true that the dreary, stupid interna­
maintaining peace in Europe by col­ tional wrangle o v e r d isa rm a m en t
lective action. came within a hair’s breadth of a
For years the prime obstacle in the common-sense solution. And it is just
way of conciliation was France. Guar­ possible that T a r d ie u ’ s c o ld co st
anteed the military mastery of the Europe 20 billion dollars, the amount
continent of E u ro p e by the peace it has since spent on arms. •
(P ictures on Pages 52 and 57)

"I tank I want to be alone!"

36

H. M.’S LOYAL STATE DEPARTMENT

W h y not give Eton honors and
the hopes of a viscountcy to se rv ­
itors of His Britannic M ajesty d es­
pite the rather w id esp read belief
that th ey are A m erican diplom ats
and the fact that their sa la rie s are
footed b y A m erican ta x p a y e rs?

BY ERNEST HEMINGWAY

h is is that old Spanish war that provided that by accepting these hon­
T everyone has forgotten. This cor­
respondent rather hates to bring it up
ors the American diplomat would
agree to, in consideration of these
again. Especially after the fascists in privileges, represent American rather
the U. S. State Department have done than British interests for a certain
their level, crooked, Roman, British- amount of time to be determined by
aping, disgusting, efficient best to end whoever drew up the bill.
it by denying the Spanish government This length of time should in no
the right to buy arms to defend itself case be made onerous and all due con­
against the German and Italian ag­ sideration should be given to the prob­
gression. But if this magazine is to able advance in rank of the American
bring any sort of an insider’s view it diplomat if he were actually in the
must keep on returning to a consider­ British service. There should be pro­
ation of the Spanish war even though visions made for this advancement in
it bores you. rank so that no U. S. State Depart­
M e a n tim e , th is correspondent ment member should ever be deprived
wishes to congratulate the fascists in of attaining the rank of Lord Heel of
the U. S. State Departm ent. They Succotash to which he might have le­
could not have done a better nor a gitimately aspired had he not been
quicker jo b if M r. Cham berlain’s embarrassed by American nationality.
wishes had not even had to be de­ Certainly the Governor of Ken­
coded. The most beautiful and inspir­ tucky would not object to making
ing thing is that an American fascist them colonels as well, and a colonel is
does it for nothing. He will go against quite something in any second rate
all the natural interest of his country pension in Europe.
in order to be considered a gentleman. These decorations, however, should
And you will find them d o in g the only be awarded for service in the
dirty work of a very temporary Brit­ face of the enemy; that is, for serv­
ish policy, based on England’s not yet ices when their actions directly con­
being armed, their tongues out with tradicted American interests to aid
eagerness for a pat on the head, for British policy. Of course if there were
a “ Well played, Sir. Oh, well played.” so many of these decorations given
I f the fascists in the U. S. State that they became cheapened others
Department could only be given old could be instituted. But they should
school ties, or even the right to wear all have good, sound, valid, British
the ties of more obscure British in­ initials.
fantry regiments, they might be will­ What has this to do with the war in
ing to settle for that honor. For the Spain? Nothing, except that the war
old school tie is permanent and really is going on in spite of the fascists of
the highest honor Britain can give and the State Department. It will go on in
it might save America much trouble spite of Chamberlain and in spite of
in the future and enable some of her Mussolini; and it will go on no matter
representatives to distinguish better what the French do. There will be war
between America’s interests and Bri­ in Spain a year from now because
tain’s if a bill were introduced in Con­ men are fighting there who will die
gress providing for a certain number
rather than surrender their country to
of honorary old Etonians, Carthusians
the Italians and the Germans. In the
and Rugbuggerians to be created each
last six weeks you have watched them
year in the State Department. These
broken by aircraft and artillery, seen
old school tiesmen would have all the
them retreat, re-form and hold. You
privileges of those who had attended
British public schools and none of the have seen it so often it’s an old story.
drawbacks. Each old school tiesman But they always re-form and hold.
could be provided with an escort of Two weeks ago you heard a little
Marines in case he should wander into diplomatic service boy say, “ Stop i t !
the Hibernian Hall by mistake on St. They must stop the war! ” But in his
Patrick’s Day and a certain number voice there was a note of panic. Be­
of retainers could be provided with cause not even all the interlocking fas­
instructions to address the tiesman as cist help and all the new machines can
Your Lordship or Your Grace, always destroy a people. •

Victory
I A n o I C A D M C A C T th a t O ccid en t uses “ p re tty g irl”
J H r O L L H n n i n o I p ic t u r e s f o r p r o m o t io n p u r ­
p o ses, so th e y double on p re tty girls a s p a rt of b allyh o o
fo r T o k yo O ly m p ia d in 1 9 4 0 . (K e n P a rticle s p a g e 6 )
I A D f lD f l y n c c r y c i u i : D a ve D ub insky o f th e g a rm e n t
L H D U H U R U l I l R O I V L w o r k e r s p a r rie s a v e rb a l th ru st
fro m J a c k R o c k e fe lle r, th e oil w o r k e r s ’ b o ss, a t a c h a rity
d i n n e r a t t h e W a l d o r f - A s t o r i a . ( K e n P a r t ic le s p a g e 6)
 g rin s a s ra w C h in e se le v ie s
CONFIDENT COOLIE w ith sta n d th e onslau gh t of
N ip p o n ’s s h o c k t r o o p s f o llo w in g G e n e r a l i s s i m o ’s
clean -u p of sp ies. (E y e s on C hian g K a i-sh e k p a g e 11)
 » " 1 1 1 fe > *1

l| - p i
MADPUIMP CIIIPIIIP N e w C h in a , a n atio n a t la st,
mHIIUllIrlU, o m u ln u fights fo r h e r in d e p e n d e n ce ;
C a n to n e se m arch to th e fro n t w h ile th e ir ch ild ren sing
p a t r io t ic s o n g s . (E y e s o n C h ia n g K a i - s h e k p a g e 1 1 )
 41

C U fn D n PI AY kut serio u s b u sin ess fo r J a p a n ’s

OWUKU'i Lnl w a rlo rd s w h o se a rm ie s a r e co n ­
fro n te d b y living w a lls of C h in e se sw o rd sm e n d e ft
a t slicing fle sh . (E y e s on C h ian g K a i-s h e k p a g e 11)
 M I D A P I E P I D I N un p o in t s to T h e r e s e N e u m a n n ’s
l Y l l l t n u L L u l n L han d w ith its n e v e r-h e a lin g stigm a
fro m w hich blood pours p e rio d ica lly . Pilgrim s flock to h e r
hom e (b e lo w ). (The M iracle of K o n n e rsre u th p a g e 16)

Rest's
jtiXKhtfl
BUDGET-UNBALANCER Eccles list e n s, p o n d e r s , p lead s,
jo k e s w h il e S e n a t e F in a n c e C o m m it t e e d e b a t e s his D e p r e s ­
s io n - E c o n o m ic s . (Scotch M o r m o n S p e n d s Billions p a g e 18)
RADIO R f lM R A P n P D
D U IY lD H I\U C ,n i
W hen r e l e a s e s his lo a d t h e
g r o u n d c r e w r e g i s t e r s t h e p o si­
tion a n d officers t h e n c a lc u la t e w h e t h e r his m iss ile w o u ld
h a v e hit t h e t a r g e t . (T he A r m y ’s C lo s e s t S e c r e t p a g e 2 0 )
DESTRUCTION-BOUND a t 3 ,0 0 0 - fo o t altitu d e an d
a im e d fo r 1 0 0 -fo o t circle ta rg e t to te s t th e p la n e bom -
b a r d e r ’s a c cu ra cy . (The A rm y ’s C lo se st S e c re t p a g e 2 0 )
 c l o t h in g
50tlGHT‘-$OLD
Suiti OvmwU Pants
.jq o .^ q o

K l fbtiii'JutnStore.
l> m ‘ > y o u '/ f a r e .

RELIEF
TICKETS
ACCEPTED
WALK DOWNSTAIES

111AI U n n U /k lC T A lD C ,nto D e m o cra cy’s s u b -ce lla r

W A L K U U If llO I A I 11O W h e re w e k e e p c a s t - o f f
clo thes an d lives of m illions of A m e rica n s pending th e
d a y o f re ck o n in g . (But You C a n ’t Live on L ib e rty p a g e 29 )
 J o b - s e e k e rs s ta re a t jobs in front,
SLAVE MARKET o f t h e e m p lo y m e n t a g e n c ie s
alo n g M a n h a tta n ’s S ix th A v e n u e , la b o r’s “ stock e x ­
c h a n g e .” (B u t Yo u C a n ’t L iv e o n L ib e r t y p a g e 2 9 )
I o n e : F L IG H T t lO nhuquk
a FRONT
STUDIO
INSTWCTKMFOP
HEALTH
AND

^ S TR EN G TH
M jjMga..- « I

| > 11|81
*•' jjp 1
■■I
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rkr . J*i" T j
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A f u

la rid AT A IIP T ID N
J o b Offers $1 5 ; m a n w a n t s $ 2 5 ;
lY lt li H I H U U I lU li
in d e c is io n ; e i t h e r job m ust offer
m o r e or m a n m ust t a k e le s s on th is f r e e m a r k e t d
ia A d a m S m ith . (But You C a n ’t L iv e on L i b e r t y p a g e 2 9 )

CURIO

m s 17
YALE U ffl
[AGEkCYWttCJ
IE!
50

Y f l l l P A N ’ T n f l T H A T e m ^ a t t l e d o p h t h a l m o lo g i s t s w i t h
l U U l » H H I L IU I l l n I little tr a i n i n g in e y e - m e a s u r i n g tell
e x p e r i e n c e d o p t o m e t r i s t s , a n d t h e w a r r a g e s w ith sch oo l c h i l­
d r e n c h ie f s u f fe r e rs . (The B a ttle of t h e E y e s a n d O 's p a g e 3 2 )
293 2
8754 3

r y r nnOTHDC U/AD W h e n tra in e d o p to m e trists d a r e

L I L U U u I U n O I f H n to w rite d o w n th e ir findings in
a p re scrip tio n fo r th is g irl, th e y in vite b itte r h o stility of
riv a l oculists. (The B a ttle o f th e E y e s a n d O ’s p a g e 3 2 )
D A D T C H C I T D I P t tra in e d b y M ussolini to fight
u ADl O Ul n i m u n fo r his Ita lia n Em p ire ; but w ill
t h e y fig h t fo r o r a g a i n s t t h e i r w h it e m a s t e r s w h e n
th e y g ro w u p ? (Era of P re v e n tiv e A rm a m e n t p a g e 3 4 )
June 16, 1938 53

CARICATURE BY SAM BERMAN

HIS DIVINE AND IMPERIAL HIGHNESS— THE PUPPET MIKADO

S p e c ia lly c re a te d b y th e A ll-H ig h to guide 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 lo y a l subjects blin dly to n atio n al h a ra - k ir i, H irohito is doing a b an g-
up job w ith th e h elp of strin g s m a n ip u la te d , b a c k sta g e , b y m ongoloid cretin s in fu ssy gold b ra id . First stop en ro ute to w a rd
his o b ject all sublim e in m akin g th e e n tire w o rld k o w to w in th e d irectio n of T o k yo , is C h in a— e n g a g e d now in m ulishly
re sistin g D ivine D estin y . Fa scin a te d sp e cta to rs a t H iro h ito ’s sh o w a r e his cousins in Divine Right, A d o lf d e r Sch o e n e and
B e n n y th e B u rg la r, w ho a r e fid geting at th e M ik a d o ’s g a u ch e rie in picking on so m e b o d y w ho can fight b a ck . O ffsta g e ,
th e Russian B e a r lau ghs an d lau g hs. H irohito h im se lf, w ith th e h elp of K lieg lights, m a k e s th e a p p ro p ria te g e stu re a t F a te .
 m EEE E E
® i§> $ @ # # ®

LORD
HRLI FAX

SIR S A M U E L
HOARE

STARACE

W IN S T O N CHURCHILL

M A R S H A L L b r l b o

DE B O N O

DRAWN FOR KEN IN GENEVA, SWITZERLAND, BY DERSO & KEIEN.

ANGLO-ITALIAN ACCORDS
 ftiin iM Iff n n ^ n n

SUVICH
COUNT CvRANOI LORO PERTH
e m b a s s a d o r s

CHAMBERLAIN MU5SOLINI

April i» fj.s

{Allegro, Ma Non Troppo . . . I

56

L e tfin g Him H a v e No R e s t
 M ussolini (to p le ft) an d G ran d ! co n ­
END OF AN ERA f e r w it h P r e - H i t l e r B r u e n in g a n d
Cu rtiu s; B ru en in g , L a v a l an d B rian d (b o tto m ) sn ap p ed by
Dr. Erich Sa lo m o n . (E ra of P re v e n tiv e A rm a m e n t p a g e 3 4 )

y ^
WCWCDCn nnilDTCCV This sho t o f th e fa m e d n e w ly w e d s
nCnonCCL OUUItlLOf />f W in d so r is r e le a s e d to ad m irin g
r o y a l- r o m a n c e f a n s t h e w o r ld o v e r . W a l l y ’ s m o le a n d E d w a r d 's
w rin k le s a r e w a sh e d out. (W h a t th e N e w s re e ls N e v e r Sh o w p a g e 8 0 )
 59

■m

yC U fC D C C I m c r n i l D T C C V The W in d so rs p o se a g a in
n tn o K tL L U l o l i U U K I t O I fo r th e n e w s re e l but this
tim e a sh arp -fo cu s le n s r e v e a ls th e h a rsh tru th ab o u t th e m id ­
d le -a g e d lo v e rs. (W hat th e N e w s re e ls N e v e r Sho w p a g e 8 0 )
60

* 1 .
I A A D V D i r v c n o n b a r re d *h arp -fo cu * c a m e ra s a f-
I f l l l l l l r i u l \ r U H U t e r h e r m a rria g e to B uddy R o g e rs
but o n e c a m e ra m a n m ust h a v e re n e g g e d fo r th e w rin ­
k le s sh o w . (W h a t th e N e w s re e ls N e v e r S h o w p a g e 8 0 )
 (

r il M r n a C H D C U ID Chicago n e w s re e l fa n s w e r e not p e r-
riLlfl U tn o U llO n lr m itted to s e e P a ram o u n t’s film reco rd
o f police b ru ta lity w h e n 1 0 s trik e rs w e r e m o rta lly w ou n d ed M e­
m o rial D a y , 1 9 3 7 . (W h a t th e N e w s re e ls N e v e r Sh o w p a g e 8 0 )
$50,000,000 TARGETS N a v y w a n ts b ig g e r a n d b e t­
te r ta rg e ts an d is g ettin g th em fo r th e e x p e c te d w a r w ith
J a p a n w h e r e t h e y ’ll b e u se le ss. (O u r N a v a l E x p e rts p a g e 8 4 )
 65

8§ p

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f l y A n r y n C D M ax W ilson fa n n e d 2 5 hap-
U N A D l N U l K le s s b a t t e r s . N . C . w iz a r d
sp e c ia liz e s in k e e p in g O a k R id g e’s o p p o n en ts
s c o r e le s s . (T h e K e n S t o p - W a t c h p a g e 9 9 )
 cV *T U C

*»»&mmrn*

PAUfCHM n r DAWTIlPIfFT *o *» 7 % pounds w in n in g th e

rnfTOUn Ur rAvVIUlflVtl 2 6 -m ile Boston m a ra th o n .
H e w o n o n ce b e fo re , in 1 9 3 3 , w h e n h e se t th e re co rd fo r
th e c o u rse a t 2 :3 1 :1 3 / 5 . (Th e K e n S to p -W a tc h p a g e 9 9 )
T C U U I C D f l T T f i M C I ID ot Fo rest Hills ad d to the
I C N I l l O D i l l lUlYlO Ur jackp o ts of sta r pro s and
th e ir h o p e s fo r a n a tio n a l to u rn a m e n t circuit on p a r w ith
go lf C. O . D. p la y e rs . (The K e n Sto p -W atch p a g e 9 9 )
n r n a y \ u r * n h is o ld c lo t h e * a n d s t ill b e s o c i a ll y
Ht IAN VvtAK c o r r e c t , t h a t ’ * h o w r ic h B a r b a r a L.
B o u rn e ’s d a d is. Sh e p lig h ted th is sprin g to H o rto n Sm ith,
g o lf p r o , In B e r m u d a . (T h e K e n S t o p - W a t c h p a g e 9 9 )
 i A i S |* S ? 5 1

BROADWAY CURIOSITY r is w h o n e v e r t h e le s s n o t
o n ly pred icts B ro a d w a y su ccesses but produces th em , nota»
b ly this s e a s o n ’s O ur Town. (In sid e N e w Y o rk p a g e 1 0 1 )
70

MIKE JACOBS—MONOPOLIST OF BOXING and directors. Others said that the

trouble was mismanagement. So Ja­
set-up the Louis whom the fans like
to see (they bought out the Garden
cobs, who had been promoting inde­ for the Mann fight and some specta­
pendently, moved in. The last dozen tors paid premiums on their admis­
shows at the Garden under the old sion slips) would remain in blissful
set-up showed a loss for Garden di­ inactivity. The fight fans would be
rectors to moan about, but the dozen lucky to see any one of these shows
or so that Jacobs has promoted to before the summer of 1938, and
date have made money for the Gar­ wrangling among rival promoters
den and for Michael Strauss. might have shelved off such a fight
Jacobs also operates the Hippo­ for another twelve-month.
drome, the old theatre on Sixth Ave­ Now' Jacobs is ready to put Louis
nue. Outdoors Jacobs has contracts in against Schmeling in an outdoor
w ith Y a n k e e S ta d iu m , the P o lo summer extravaganza, a show which
Grounds, and Ebbets Field in Brook­ certainly should bring back the mil-
lyn. Just try to promote an outdoor lion-dollar gate of the Tex Rickard
show without asking Jacobs! days. Just think what advance con­
This is just New York. He has no versation this fight offers! The chief
contracts in Chicago, but in the past points of debate will center upon the
three years he has promoted three contentions that Schmeling is the one
fights there. All made money, not only man to have knocked out Louis, that
for Jacobs but for the hotel men, taxi Louis w'as not in condition when he
drivers and such. No contract in De­ met Schmeling, that Schmeling para­
troit, either, and yet he has been doxically gets better as he becomes
M ic h a e l Ja c o b s p u t th e tig h t b a c k in to p r iz e fightin g begged, half a dozen times, to beat the older, that Louis is afraid of Schmel­
fistic drums in that lively sporting ing. And through all the debates
town. Ditto Cleveland. Ditto Phila­ (which will increase the take at the
delphia where he has put on shows box office) runs the possibility that
An e x-p e an u t vend or is B o xin g , which were profitable to all concerned. Schmeling may effect that good, old
Ltd., and Unlim ited. He h as all He does have a contract in Miami. bromide of boxing, “ restore the su­
Supposed to put on one fight per win­ premacy of the white race.” Another
the top-notchers and most of the ter down there. But Miami just isn't angle is the anti-Nazi boycott cer­
a fight town, at least, not a big-league tain to be revived against Schmeling.
prom ising second-stringers. He fight town. The lads with the dollars favored boy from Hitler's Wilhelm-
who are in Miami have use for same strasse balcony. Oh, it will all make
reclaim ed M adison Square G a r ­ at the tracks, horse and dog, and thus for lovely, lovely ballyhoo.
big-time boxing isn’t profitable. So Jacobs, then, is a success story.
den to financial g lo ry. He puts But there is no magic secret of his
Jacobs just doesn’t bother. He fulfils
action into th e muscle-bound his contract by allowing a local pro­ success. Half in earnest he often al­
moter to understudy for him in a bout ludes to “ my luck.” But that isn't the
fight business. M ike had a hunch involving Joe This and Johnny That. real answer. The fact is that Jacobs
So much for the plants in which the is the greatest get-it-doner man that
w h at the fight fan s w anted w a s Jacobs performers work. As for the sports knows today. In “ getting it
performers he has them all. He has done,” Mike today still brings into
-—fights. So he keep s Jo e Louis in play, when needed, all the tricks he
Champion Joe Louis. He has the Num­
the r in g . R e su lt: e v e r y b o d y ’s ber One challenger, Max Schmeling. learned along the line of his long
He has top-flighters Max Baer, Tom­ and varied career. The angles he
h a p p y and Mike m akes m oney. my Farr and Harry Thomas. He has studied and solved when he sold
near top-flighters Ben Foord, Steve peanuts and novelties on Coney
Dudas. Gunnar Barlund, Buddy Baer, Island steamers, and the ones he
BY STUART CAMERON Nathan Mann and Jim Adamick. learned later when peanut profits en­
“ Having” these worthies, in the Ja­ abled him to buy some of the steam­
o x in gflourishes today under the Mr. Jacobs. He will not only fight his cobs scheme, means holding outright ers and get most of the Coney Island
B tightest m onopoly it has ever
known. Its operator, director, stage
next fight under the Jacobs banner
but before engaging in it he will sign
contracts for their services, or agree­
ments with their managers which will
trade. The angles which turned a cub­
byhole ticket office into a veritable
manager, entrepreneur, ch ief share­ away an option on the fight after that, bring them into line if they are needed. gold mine.
holder, major hero and sinister villain and, if he is even a fair prospect for Complete monopolist though he is, One man who has known Jacobs
is all one man. That man is Michael keeping on in the big time he will sign Jacobs is the greatest boon boxing for years describes him as the world's
Strauss Jacobs, whose 58 years have for anywhere from five years to life. knows today. I f he had stayed in his Number One straightener-outer. He’s
embraced peanut vending, newspaper Not only will he sign quickly but he ticket brokerage office and let misfits a master of approach. If his object
hawking, steamboat operating, ticket will sign avidly. He thinks it’s a good run the sport, boxing well might have cannot be achieved by asking permis­
scalping, electioneering and fight pro­ idea and he’s right. died. Boxing was on the ropes when sion from the sergeant he goes to the
moting. For Jacobs is Boxing, Ltd., and Un­ Jacobs moved out to run the show, major. Or vice versa.
Jacobs’ domain is the world. There limited. His power in boxing is as ab­ and now it’s in the center of the ring Nor does Jacobs allow himself to
are fights in Elko, Nev., that Jacobs solute as that of Commissioner Lan­ with the crowd yelling. get stymied behind his own emotions
doesn’t “ have a piece o f.” London’s dis in baseball. The chief difference It isn’t avarice on the part o f Ja­ when, as often happens, boxing boards
Albert Hall puts on shows without is that in baseball, the player has to cobs that has brought about this con­ hand down stupid ukases. Let’s say
asking permission from Mike. The make his own way, and in boxing un­ dition. It’s just his native dislike for that K iller M cC oy and Slugger
Garden in Boston and le Palais des der Jacobs, the fighter, if he’s got it, inactivity. Joe Louis risked his title O’Toole ought to be a natural for the
Sports in Paris sponsor affaires la boxe gets taken care of. (and Jacobs risked plenty of dollars Hip. But for some strange reasons
without consulting him. And yet when Jacobs controls boxing in New along with Louis) in meeting Nathan the Cornish writes a “ no” opposite the
anything in boxing “ gets good” Jacobs York. He has taken over the prize Mann at Madison Square Garden. Slugger’s name. Less astute promoters
gets into it. fight department of Madison Square This was an indoor fight for the mouth threats of lawsuits, threaten
Jacobs just won't bother with run- Garden. Once the Garden was world w o rld heavyweight championship. injunctions, and hint disclosures which
of-mine fights. I t ’ s definitely and capital of boxing. To appear in a Gar­ True, as the match turned out, Mann will bring double-join ted skeletons out
completely okeh by him if somebody den Show, was, as in the late days of was no match for Louis, but in heavy­ o f the offen d in g com m issioners’
else makes money out of the ordinary vaudeville, the same as appearing at weight championship boxing there’s closets. Not so Michael Strauss Ja­
fighter. But let that man make a name the Palace. But boxing at the Garden always the risk of a lucky punch. cobs. He may have a great deal to say
for himself, let him become somebody had become a walloping money-loser. So too was there a risk on April in private. He just goes out and gets
the public talks about, and he finds Some critics have blamed discord Fool’s Day when Louis met Harry Biffer O’Blarney as a sub.
himself doing the dotted-line act for among Garden officials, stockholders Thomas in Chicago. Under the old Why, it’s been scarcely a month
June 76, 7938 77

CARICATURE BY WESLEY NEFF

P R O P E R T Y OF MI K E J ACOBS
since the august New York State Ath­ naughty 1 Pictures of you and beer ducted in his private quarters in the flabby Mr. Galento punched into sub­
letic Commission turned its thumbs and cigar smoking are strictly out.” Hippodrome, simply named another mission, or land the one jolting blow
down on Anthony Galento. Anthony The ukase was signed by Brigadier athlete as the one who should aid which wins his fights when he wins
was scheduled to fight Harry Thomas General John J. Phelan, who manu­ Mr. Thomas in providing an athletic them. But even so they did attend the
in the Garden. It would have been a factures brassieres and other items spectacle. And so Adamick vs. Thomas show which was presented.
sell-out, not because Anthony repre­ of uplift by day while, as chairman drew some $16,000. The Garden Anthony Galento may have been
sented clean-limbed young American of the New York State Athletic Com­ ushers sold their usual allotment of given more space than he rates, al­
manhood, but because he, a tavern mission, supervises items of wrestling pop, knickknacks and cigarettes. Ja­ though, to me, he is a most engaging
proprietor, trained on suds. The com­ and boxing by night. cobs pocketed a neat personal profit, subject, but he does prove a point. It
mission had seen ballyhoo pictures of The point is that Jacobs, served and the net circulation of the morn­ is that Jacobs just will not let rules,
Tony drinking out of half a dozen of with the order that Galento was out, ing newspapers remained unwarped. laws and regulations bog him down.
his own goblets and said, “ naughty, after a session of plate-sucking con­ The customers didn’t get to see the In getting things done Jacobs is a
72

genius in choosing his lieutenants. He though everybody knew that Mushky

started out with Tom McArdle as knew the word was really lorgnettes.
matchmaker. When McArdle, because However, Mushky became afflicted
of ill health, had to get out of box­ with ambition, and did some pro­
ing, Jacobs, instead of choosing a less moting of his own.
astute replacem ent, chose an even This was all right by Jacobs until
abler man, A1 ( “ Greasy Vest” ) Weil. one of these promotions, down in
Weil is, perhaps, the ablest match­ Louisiana, came a cropper. There was
maker in America today, but he wanted a story of a promised “ dive.” Letters
to get back to his old game, managing which were sent in Hippodrome The­
boxers, and so he resigned this spring. atre envelopes were submitted in evi­
His successor is Bill Farnsworth, for dence. When Mike heard about that
years a capable sports editor by rec­ he bounced Mushky.
ord, and an even more capable boxing Jacobs, day by day., is as calm a
promoter by incident. man as one will meet, but just the
Jacobs knows the value of public­ same Jacobs has a temper. I remem­
ity. So he hires the best drum-beaters ber an incident of some years ago
in the pugilistic set-up. Number One when Jacobs had his office in the
Jacobs ballyhooer is Walter St. Denis. Brill Building, on Broadway. I had
A man of few vices, Jacobs works checked in with Walter St. Denis on
harder than anybody who works for the news of the day and walked down
him. After better than an hour of the hall to the elevator. The door slid
commuting from Jersey he is at his open. As it did so there was a truly
desk before nine, and seldom home un­ blood-curdling scream from an office
til bedtime. Yet he is devoted to his down the hall. Everybody in the car,
handsome wife and is most proud of elevator operator included, rushed out,
her. He drinks little but smokes con­ ran to the ell of the corridor. What
siderably. Although he is a Jew most they saw were Mike Jacobs and Joe
of his entourage are of other faiths. Jacobs (no relation).
Always in the Jacobs menage is there There was a big fight coming up a
an official clown, usually Jewish. One fortnight hence and Joe wanted 100
was Mushky Jackson whose main job tickets in the first ten rows. Mike
was to regale visitors with stories, insisted that 50 was all that Joe
chiefly the one about “ the lady who rated. (These were “ buying” tickets,
put them hornets on me.” not complimentaries.) And that was
As Mushky tells it. the story runs what the scream was about. Michael
something like this: had run out of logic, chased Joe out
“ 1 am out at French Lick Springs of his office, and ran screaming after
— that’s in Indiana— and we are stay­ him. They were the most violent
ing at a strictly class joint. I am with screams I ever heard.
Yussel and Max (Manager Joe “ Yus- Efforts to produce figures from
sel” Jacobs and former Champion Jacobs result in less than nothing.
Max Schmeling) and I ’m supposed But the State Athletic Commission
to be sort o f looking out for them. I keeps its own records. These are as
have to wear a Tuxedo for the first official as the amount of gasoline tax
time in my life. turned in by Cattaraugus County in
“ Well, they are taking care of 1935. And, the figures are eloquent.
themselves okay and so I go to the Look at the first table following and
drug store to get me a soda and there you will see the gate receipts for the
is some dame in there and she has a last ten show's (not including some 40-
dog and she starts talking about the cent summer attractions) put on by
pooch. In so much time I am her the former Garden management, and
escort and I am up to her room while in the second table, the figures on Ja­
she puts the dog to bed and then we cobs’ first ten garden shows. Here they
arm-and-arm all over the place. are:
“ The next night I am with Max Lewis-Perroni ......................$ 8,159
alone as Yussel has disappeared some Ambers-Venturi.................... 19,886
place and I see this dame. So I say Steele-Risko ......................... 19,160
to Max, ‘See that dame? I know her. Venturi-Montanez .............. 30,882
Watch me go up and talk to her.’ So Armstrong-Belloise .............. 14,904
I do and she doesn’t act like she even Armstrong-Spoldi................ 22,203
knows me. So I go back to Max. Ambers-Montanez................ 53,609
‘Yah, she certainly knows you,’ he Ambers-Canzoneri .............. 43,442
says. So I am mad and I go back to Impellitiere-Pastor.............. 10,960
her and say right out, ‘Podden me, Ross-Jannazzo...................... 25,840
but good evening-’
“ Still she doesn’t give me a tumble, T o t a l...................................$249,045
so I say again, ‘I said good evening,
Mrs. ------ .’ She says, ‘Pahdon me, Sarron-Armstrong................$ 34,736
was you addressing me?’ And I says, Beauhold-Armstrong .......... 38,282
‘Why yes, don’t you remember me Pastor-M ann......................... 18,494
and the walk we took in the moon­ Schmeling-Thomas .............. 74,109
light last night? I ’m Mister Jackson. B. Baer-H ogan..................... 17,570
I ’m the guy what you was with.’ Steele-Apostoli .................... 23,173
“ So she puts them hornets up to Armstrong-Venturi .............. 32,444
her eyes, looks down at me and says, Braddock-Farr...................... 80,798
‘Pahdon me, Mister Jackson, lahst Apostoli-Lee ......................... 30,078
night was lahst night. Tonight is an­ Adamick-Thomas ................. 16,069
other night. Toodle-do.’ So I go back
to Maxie.” T o t a l.................................. $365,753
The story always got a laugh even That shows a difference of $116,708
Ju ne 16. 7938 73

in favor of Jacobs. And in his elev­ In that fight Louis proved that he
enth Garden show, Louis vs. Mann,
he drew $111,716.
still has the lethal wallop. In the three
rounds he took in knocking out Mann,
HOW TO K E E P Q U I E T L Y MAD
A study of the lists shows that Louis completely changed the com­
Jacobs had the more alluring names. plexion of next summer’s extravaganza
But whose fault was that? The fight­ with Schmeling. Ready to award the
ers all were once on the open market fight to Schmeling before either man
and all susceptible to suitable terms. pulled on a glove, the fight mob now
And this brings us to one of the is sharply divided between the beetle-
reasons for Jacobs’ success. Under his browed German and the expression­
scheme there isn't any kickback. Un­ less Negro.
der some other promoters there isn’t In his last appearance before the
any kickback either. But some of them S ch m e lin g fig h t, L o u is m et and
not only demand it but so definitely knocked out Harry Thomas, of Chi­
insist upon it that it’s impossible for cago, in a home-town contest.
Johnny Who to fight in a show spon­ Probably no business concern in
sored by Billy This unless John agrees New York of comparable size carries
to make a donation of a century, a as much mental bookkeeping as do
grand or more. the two Jacobs establishments — his
Jacobs made his climb to the peak plant at the Hippodrome and the ticket
of boxing promotion on the coffee- agency above Times Square, which T h e n e e d le w a s th e b e s t s i l e n c e r f o r q u e e r Kenneth
colored body of Joseph Louis Barrow. bears his name.
It was Jacobs who spotted Louis as a Much as he may glory in his prom­
comer back in 1935 and made a deal inence in boxing it’s probable that The lunatic’s fa m ily is p leased to
to sponsor the career of the man who Mike’s real love is still that ticket
is the present heavyweight champion. agency. He never calls it by any such
note a d ream y contentm ent in
The Louis career is a story in itself. name. In his Hip office he reaches for his b ehavior at the private sa n i­
Without going into detail it should be one of a battery of phones and says,
set down that Louis came along with “ get me the store.” tarium , in contrast to his previous
an unbroken string of 12 victories on The hook-up between Jacobs, the
the big time. En route he knocked out fight promoter, and the Jacobs ticket violence at hom e. Suggesting,
former champions Baer and Camera, agency would seem to be a lovely
and stiffened everyone else he met. thing. Actually, Mike insists, he has though a lw a y s hard to p rove,
Then he was matched with former no financial interest in the latter any
more. Even assuming this is true, Jac­
that he has been handled "the
champion Max Schmeling. Just an­
other set-up. Almost nobody gave obs does have a ticket office in his Hip easiest w a y ."
Schmeling even the m ost remote headquarters, and he’s never so happy
chance of even staying the distance. as when he browses around the various
And when the fight, because of rain, tills looking for a choice pair to meet enneth had been acting queerly The doctor who was called in to sign
was postponed, a contemporary writer
set down:
an important request.
The Jacobs in repose belies the tem­
K for some time, but his actions
in the past few months left no doubt
the death certificate was strangely
evasive when the family questioned
“ The execution of Maximillian Otto per which is indubitably his. He sel­ that something that they all had sus­ him about the cause of his death.
Adolf Siegfried Schmeling, condemned dom raises his voice. His English is pected for some time was now a fact. Finally one of Kenneth’s brothers
opponent of Joe Louis, was postponed good and so is his diction. His deliv­ He was insane. took him aside and demanded a satis­
for ‘at least 24 hours’ at 1:19 o ’clock ery, because of the plates on which he Hurriedly, yet furtively, a family factory explanation.
yesterday . . is forever crunching, is apt to be some­ conference was held. An ordinary in­ “ You knew, of course,” said the
But Schmeling won by a kayo. The what on the indefinite side. He is one sane asylum sounded so barren, so doctor, “ that he was a confirmed nar­
Louis bubble was burst. of those men who is nearly bald but mechanical, so inhuman for a mem­ cotic addict?”
Still Jacobs put him into shows. does not seem baldheaded. He has one ber of their own flesh and blood. The brother protested unbelieving­
For one he chose Bob Pastor as the of the quickest smiles I ever saw. He Discreet inquiry revealed that there ly at this horrible revelation, but the
second man. Pastor pedaled back­ excels in covering his dislikes among was, in a near-by city, a privately doctor convinced him that such was
wards through ten rounds and stayed those who shouldn’t know about them, owned “ Home” for patients of Ken­ the case. Rather than bring further
the distance which was why he back- but wastes no time in “ telling off” the neth’s type. Two members of the fam­ grief to the family he kept the in­
pedaled. But it did seem that Louis others. And if he likes a man the lik­ ily interviewed Mrs. Willick, the formation to himself.
might have chased Pastor into a cor­ ing is nearly violent. manageress and inspected the prem­ The facts are, of course, that this
ner and loosened some of the dyna­ Mike dresses better now that he ises. method of keeping the patients
mite that writers had spread out has come up in boxing. This isn’t be­ “ I never have any trouble with my “ quiet” was a part of the system that
months before. The Pastor fight hurt cause he couldn’t have afforded the guests,” she stated. “ It may be my produced such apparently satisfactory
Louis’ prestige. Make no doubt of that. best two decades ago. But the fight personality, as some of their relatives results.
He did go on to beat Jimmy Brad- mob is apt to be dressy and so Mike have often said, but it is nevertheless It is a method which is used with­
dock for the title, but still Louis was affects double-breasted glencain grays, true that every guest that comes here out much chance of detection and
the man whom Schmeling had kayoed and snappy blues. He even goes in for soon becomes docile and as tractable prosecution, for the only possible
and with whom Pastor had lasted ten oxfords in place of the high-toppers as a child.” complainants are either relatives or
rounds. Then came Louis’ first title de­ of another day. They talked to some of the guests, friends of those poor unfortunates
fense. Against Tommy Farr, a chalk- After more than one year of doing who indicated that they were con­ who have already brought their full
white former Welsh coal miner, whose business at an old-fashioned roll-top tented and well treated. There was share of trouble and care to their
one claim to distinction was that*he desk, Publicist St. Denis needled Jac­ nothing to do but bring back a satis­ harassed families.
had outpointed a careless Maxie Baer. obs into ordering a swankish office. factory report to the worried family. Sometimes it is not actually the
Farr went the route against Louis and St. Denis had it done with- modern Within a few days Kenneth was proprietor who administers the dope.
although he lost the decision by unani­ office furnishings. A long battery of delivered to the “ Home.” It may be an attendant or “ nurse”
mous vote there were some critics who phones adorns the Jacobs desk. But As time went on his family became who has access to the patient. But
thought Farr should have been given the desk is always in shocking dis­ satisfied that they had chosen well. nevertheless it is done with the knowl­
the nod. order. A reporter, writing on one side On their visits they found him to be edge of the management.
And so Louis, although champion, of it breaks his pencil. He asks Mike meek and dreamily happy in contrast In the event of detection, there is
and one who had made a successful for the loan o f one. No luck. So Mike to his former violent self. In his always the defense that the poor pa­
title defense, still was a has-been. offers one of his two desk pens. It’s seemingly rational moments, when he tient had the habit before coming to
Next he was matched against Nathan empty. So is the other. So Mike, head was inclined to be talkative, he as­ the “ home,” and has since obtained
Mann, a Connecticut heavyweight of man of a million-dollar enterprise, bel­ serted that he would rather be where drugs from unknown sources. Few
Italian lineage. It was an indoor title lows: “ Miss Cohen! Bring in some he was than anywhere else in the families would care to defend a men­
fight, the first heavyweight indoor pencils! Why can’t we ever have any world. tally deranged relative from that ac­
title fight since the year 1920. pencils around here?” • Three years later Kenneth died. cusation in a courtroom. •
 “ Yes, sir. partner!” he greeted me, stance, Torrence E. Hemby, vice-pres­
A MEASURE OF R E C O V E R Y recollecting the last time we had met.
“ Things are a lot different now than
ident of the American Trust Com­
pany, the largest bank in Charlotte
when you were here last. Yes, sir! and one doing business in both Caro­
R ecovery w a s complete in C h ar­ Charlotte is going places! Got a big linas, was estim a tin g for me the
future ahead of it, a big future, part­ amount of recovery and how it was
lotte, the frien d ly city of the C a r­ ner! Plenty of money around here divided. When he had given me the
now. Nobody needs any money for earn in gs and percentages of mills,
o l i n e s . T h e s e c r e t a r y o f th e business. Everybody’s got money— ” stores and farms he stopped as if his
And, in a measure, Clarence was estimate were complete.
Cham ber of Commerce k n e w that right. Recovery has come to Char­ “ What did the workers get out of
stores w ere full, rents w ere up, lotte. Even the streets reflect the self- this recovery?” I asked.
confidence and cheerfulness. Tyron “ Why, I don’t know,” he said, look­
b an k deposits w ere up, textile and Trade Streets, the chief business ing at me as if the thought had never
arteries, are busy. Retail sales have o c c u r r e d to him b e fo r e . “ I think
mills w ere busy. But he didn’t equaled and in many cases, surpassed they're pretty near to normal.”
1929. More homes and apartments “ In wages?”
kno w w h eth er w o rkers could buy are still being built, rents are high and “ Yes; I believe they got increases
bank deposits have rea ch ed a new when the mills got busy.”
more or less for fheir slightly in­ “ But the cost of living has risen
peak even though the number of de­
creased p a y . A leading b an ke r positors has not increased. tremendously. Can they buy as much
Government money, they tell you, on their present wages as they could
d id n’t kn o w either. stimulated the almost paralyzed buy­ on the wages they got at the depth of
ing of the farmer and worker within the depression?-’
the Charlotte radius. Farmers got ex­ “ I don't know,” he said thought­
BY JOHN L. SPIVAK cellent prices for cotton and tobacco fully. “ I should imagine not but I
and spent liberally. Retail sales went don’t know.”
up and textile mills started operating No one seemed to know. Things
two and sometimes three shifts a day. were bright now and business floated
Men and women who had been unem­ on the incoming tide of prosperity.
ployed for a long time found work Even trade union leaders could offer
and money flowed th rou gh normal only vague guesses. Everyone thought
channels. that the workers must have got some
Relief rolls dropped as farm and of the recovery or the stores couldn’t
mill a b so r b e d many of the unem­ be selling so much; but whether the
ployed. Just how many no one even increased sales were due to the in­
attempts to estimate for most of the creased number of people working or
relief agencies kept impossible records to their increased buying power, they
and books were not audited. But after did not know.
talking with heads of the agencies I So I went to the workers them­
concluded that at the present time selves in the mills scattered on the
one out of five employable persons is outskirts of the city and what I saw
out of work as compared with about and heard at the Howard Davis shack
one out of two in 1933. Just how big two miles north of Charlotte is typ­
a percentage of this drop in unem­ ical of what I saw and heard from
ployment and relief figures is due to both organized and unorganized mill
W hen he sm o k e s. C h a r l o t t e ' s mills a r e sm o k in g , to o forcing people on relief, under threat workers.
of losing it, to accept work at wages The Davis shack is strategically sit­
set by the prospective employer, is un­ uated at the junction of the Highland
hen I saw C la re n ce Kuester Today, however, Clarence doesn’t known. But the Mecklenburg County Park Mill Number Three and the C. W.
W again with a straw hat over one chew tobacco any more. He smokes Welfare Department announced that Johnston Mill villages. The first one
is thoroughly organized but in the sec­
ear and a fat cigar in his mouth, I big fat cigars. A man whose job is “ We grant no relief if a man canwork
knew that recovery had come to Char­ painting the return to prosperity and and work is available” and fo r c e d ond the unionization drive has made
lotte, N. C. the future glowing prospects of a city cases to accept jobs at the wages of­ little headway. Within a few minutes
Clarence is secretary of the Cham­ with a population o f more than 80.000 fered. after you leave the clean swept streets
ber of Commerce and reacts to local cannot afford to squirt a mouthful of “ But does not this policy tend to of Charlotte with its solidly built of­
business c o n d itio n s like a sensitive tobacco juice past some manufacturer lo w e r w age levels?” I asked Mrs. fice buildings and air of prosperity the
barometer. The last time I had seen who is being sold the idea of opening Louise Neikirk, the county welfare smooth p a v em en t b eg in s to show
him, at the depth of the depression, a plant in “ the friendly city.” So Clar­ superintendent. “ Those needing help signs of n e g le c t. The a sp h a lt is
he was a sad and bewildered man. ence smokes cigars now and offers vis­ will hire from the relief rolls at lower cracked; irregular holes gape at you
Even the atmosphere in the Chamber itors handfuls of them with a reckless wages because you hold the threat of for you are entering the poorer sec­
of Commerce building mirrored the abandon. starvation over them if they do not tion of the city, a section which grad­
city’s state as the city itself mirrors Though the Chamber of Commerce accept.” ually merges into one stamped with
conditions in the Carolinas and often offices are in the same two-story build­ “ Our employers and fa rm ers are poverty. Row upon row of dreary,
in the southern Atlantic seaboard. ing on West Fourth Street, the new reasonable,” she said with a hard flash wooden shacks stand on red brick
At that time business had dropped bonanza days have left their imprint. in her otherwise pleasant eyes. stilts like summer cabins erected
to less than 50% of normal and al­ A huge electric flag waves frozen stars “ Have wages been reduced as a re­ hastily on some lake shore. They
most every second employable person and stripes in front of it now and in­ sult of this policy?” must have been painted when the
whom you met on the street was look­ side, just behind the secretary’s desk “ I don’t know,” she said. “ That is boards were first thrown together for
ing for a job. There was an air of is a large new table heavy with moun­ not within the scope of this depart­ an occasional streak of paint still
hopelessness about Clarence’s office tains of gay colored folders, circulars, ment.” shows on the faded boards which
which extended even to the bespat­ pamphlets, booklets telling how the I found industrial leaders o f the now look dry and lifeless.
tered spittoon resting on a round rub­ textile industry recovered from the community equally unaware of what These are the company owned mill
ber plate. In those days, Clarence greatest depression the world had ever is happening to the buying power of homes where the workers live, pay­
wore a brown felt hat stuck firmly known and hit a new peak of produc­ the great mass of the people who col­ ing 50c a week per room and 25c a
on his head as if he feared he might tion, how building is proceeding at an lectively comprise the life blood of w’eek for light from the dusty electric
lose even that and chewed nervously unprecedented pace, how rents are Charlotte business. They had figures bulb strung on a wire across each
on a cud of plug tobacco. When he’d higher than in 1929 and stores are at their finger tips when I inquired room. They burn these bulbs even in
spit the juice into the spittoon he did crowded with shoppers from farm and about their b u sin e sse s but when I the middle of the day for the rooms
it with an air of not caring a husky mill and office in a 50-mile radius asked what had happened to the work­ are dark and miserable; and the mill
whoop if it made its mark or not. serving the needs of 700,000 people. ers they looked blankly at me. For in­ workers are fearful that even these
Ju ne 16, 1938 75

homes may be denied them should steadily at a pipe his daughter had
they displease the superintendent. sent him from Pittsburgh for a birth­
The threat of being fired and finding day present; and a middle-aged man
yourself on the highway with a few with pale blue eyes who rolled ciga­
belongings and crying children is ever rettes from a sack o f Duke’s Mixture
present to those who might think of with wiry but bloodless fingers, and
opposing the mill’s desires. two younger men in blue denim over­
As you approach the Highland Park alls. The old woman who was 37 was
Mill the rows of sun-dried, washed- from the Highland Park Mill village
out board houses with thin, dried which had been organized by the
men and women resting tiredly on C.I.O. The others were from the un­
sagging porches, become more de­ organized Johnston Mill.
crepit. Sometimes the dismal picture They were suspicious of me at first
is broken by a rose bush with a few but after a while accepted me and
deep red roses rising out of the moved over to make room for me
seared grass, the pathetic effort of on one of the broken steps.
some mill wife to give her home a “ I am making a survey to find out
touch of color and beauty. if we have recovered from the depres­
And then you come upon the blood sion,” I explained. “ Are you people
red and enormous Number Three Mill any better off than you were three or
looming out of the distant fields like four years ago?”
a monster whose bowels of whirring, “ Yes, sir,” they all agreed. “ We’re
roaring machinery had taken the life lots better off.”
blood and color from these drab “ In what way?”
shacks and dried people. Alongside “ Well, some of us got raises,” the
the mill brightly colored morning middle-aged man said, licking the
glories trail around brown cotton rolled cigarette paper. “ We got one
stalks. A turn to the right and an­ when the mills got busy— let’s see,
other to the left and you are at the now— I reckon it was about a year
Davis shack with its big red Coca- and a half ago, wasn’t it?”
Cola sign giving a touch of color to He looked at the others for con­
the gray boards and crumbling shin­ firmation and they nodded.
gles. Two broken steps lead to its porch “ Then we got another raise when
on which a scrawny kitten with a ter­ the C.I.O. came down here— ”
ribly thin neck dozes fitfully while “ Them raises didn’t mean nothin’,”
half a dozen mill workers sit tiredly the old woman of 37 interrupted.
on the steps or lean against the porch. “ We can’t buy as much with the
It is here that mill workers buy money we’re gettin’ now as we could
small paper bags filled with black- two-three year ago.”
eyed peas, a bag of flour or a few “ That’s right,” everybody agreed.
odds and ends of canned goods; and “ Everything’s gone up.”
it is here, because it is at the junc­ “ Why,” the woman continued,
tion point for the two mill villages crossing her gangling legs while her
that, when work is done, they sit and faded dress flopped about them, “ I
talk of the Baptist meeting held in some used to pay SSc for a 24-pound bag
kin folk’s home, what the mill super­ of Iona flour— that’s the cheapest we
intendent said, the news in the papers. can get— but now I have to pay 92c
When I first saw them lounging for it even when it’s on sale.”
on the porch, thin, lanky, with faces “ Everything’s up a right smart bit,”
like wrinkled parchment I thought said the old man with the pipe.
the southern sun had dried what life “ Then how are you better off?”
there was in them. But when I came “ We got the stretch out,” one of
to know them better I learned that the younger men said dryly.
it was not the sun. It was the gruel­ “ Oh, we sure got that all right,”
ing work in a mill where all win­ they laughed. “ No argument about
dows are shut tight and covered with that!”
cotton drapes to keep the air moist, In every instance where I talked
in rooms where the sun, trying to with mill workers, whether they were
pierce through dusty window panes organized or unorganized, the conver­
is seen as in a thick fog, that many sation invariably turned to the stretch
of them have worked since childhood. out no matter what we were discus­
It is there that they dried out and sing. It seemed to haunt their waking
became old before their time. hours. Usually it was brought up with
There were two women and four a laugh but it was not a laugh of
men on the porch when I got there. amusement or pleasure.
One was a bean pole of a person in The “ stretch out” b e g a n in the
a faded cotton dress which hung on N.R.A. days. When the Government
her frame like wash when the wind reduced working hours and increased
has died down. She had store teeth wages by establishing a minimum for
as white as newly opened cotton and the greatly underpaid mill workers,
looked 60 but she told me she was 37. the mill men, to use a worker’s expla­
The other woman, a little more filled nation, “ couldn’t do nothin’ because
out must have been striking in her it was the law so they said to them­
youth for some of it was still evident. selves, ‘All right, we got to give you
She spoke but seldom and when she more money and work you less, then
did she showed dark cavities where we’ll take it out o f your hides and get
teeth should have been and those few our money’s worth out o ’ you.’ ”
you did see were discolored from Work was speeded up. The man
chewing snuff. One of the men was who handled six looms was given 12
old in an old pair of trousers and and so on down the line. When the
shoes down at the heels and he puffed N.R.A. collapsed the eight-hour day
En Garde!
76

and the increased wages were, as a mechanized machinery and some oper­
rule, maintained by the mill lest the ations which required the labor of
reaction among workers be too great four or five are now done by one. With
but work was speeded up to an even these factors and the intensive pro­
greater extent. Mill superintendents duction during the past year and a
had discovered that their dried out half, the mills showed an excellent bal­
“ hands” could take it. It was only oc­ ance sheet but they also overproduced
casionally that some woman working on a large scale. Orders are not coming
feverishly to maintain the pace in the in and more and more mills are clos­
sticky humidity of the room, keeled ing or working only part time and no
over in a faint; so protests from the one knows when the overproduction
o u t s i d e world were not so great. may be even partly consumed.
These descendants of the pioneers As a result of this situation and an
who had hewn a civilization out of the ancient distrust of American Federa­
Carolinas could take it and the mill tion of Labor type of organizers, the
owners dished it out. C.I.O. drive does not seem to be mak­
“ I ’d rather work ten hours a day ing much headway despite the provi­
than the way they work you eight,” sions in the Wagner Act. Those work­
the old man with the p i p e s a i d ers who are already union conscious
gravely. “ Sometimes I feel like I signed with the C.I.O. and their thou­
can’t stand it no more.” sands of cards authorizing the C.I.O.
“ With this stretch out and wages to represent them, are neatly filed
that don’t buy as much as before, away but only a handful of mills have
how do you figure you’re better off?” signed contracts; and the possibility
“ ’Course we’re b e t t e r off since of forcing them to sign by the threat
Roosevelt, “ the union member said of strike is slim since the mills have
vigorously. “ We got the C.I.O., shorter overproduced.
hours and protection because the su­ The majority of those textile work­
perintendents got to bargain collec­ ers with whom I talked are simply
tively with us now. That’s the law— wary of the C.I.O. though they do not
the Wagner Act law !” distrust it as they do the A.F. of L.
“ That Wagner Act law don’t mean “ W e’ve been pretty badly messed
so much,” one of the younger men up too many times by that A.F. of
who had kept quiet until now said a L.,” the old man said. “ A union’s a
little contemptuously. “ That law says good thing if it does the right thing
you got the right to organize and for by the workers. We joined the union
the superintendent to bargain collec­ and went on strike— ”
tively with you but it don’t say noth­ “ And what that A.F. of L. did,” the
in’ about givin’ you somethin’ an’ other woman interrupted for the first
that’s what counts!” time, “ was just put our dues in their
The old man with the pipe chuckled. treasury and take it up north. Called
“ That ain’t no collective bargainin’ us out on strike and never did nothin’
law,” he drawled with a philosophic for us. When we got hungry them or­
shake of his head, “it’s just a collec­ ganizers told us to go back to work.”
tive arguin’ law.” There was a bitter note in her voice
“ That’s right,” said the middle- and her eyes flashed angrily at the
aged man poking his knee with a bony recollection.
finger. “You know what the superin­ “ W e’re just sk eered to death o’
tendents do when you tell ’em the unions,” said the old man with the
Wagner Act law says they got to bar­ pipe.
gain collectively with you? I ’ll tell you “ How’re we going to know John L.
what they do ’cause I ’ve heered. The Lewis ain’t going to do the same thing
superintendent meets the union rep­ to us after we give him our dues?”
resentatives all friendly like an’ says, one of the younger men asked.
‘Now, gentlemen, the law provides “ How’re we going to know he’s go­
that I meet you for collective bar­ ing to help us like he says he will?”
gaining. I am meeting with you. You asked the other.
have presented your demands and I “ Most of these C.I.O. organizers
have read them and reject them. Now used to work for the A.F. of L.,” said
that I have obeyed the law, a very the middle-aged man significantly.
good evenin’ to you, gentlemen,’ and “ But the C.I.O. ain’t like the A.F.
then he shows ’em the door. So what’s of L.,” the union member said spir­
good about the Wagner Act law?” itedly. “ When John L. Lewis says— ”
“ No, that Wagner Act law is all “ John L. Lewis is a great man,”
right like I told you,” the old woman drawled the old man, lighting his pipe
of 37 insisted. “ But you can’t expect and drawing hard, “ and his picture’s
the President to give you everything. always in the papers but he better
You got to do something for yourself. show us that he means what he says.”
You got to join the C.I.O. and make “ Everybody makes fine speeches
the mills give you more money and when they want to collect dues,” said
stop the stretch out. Then the mills the other woman.
won’t stand half the time, neither.” “ Mister,” said one of the younger
This “ standing” of the mills, or men leaning forward to watch me
working only part time, worried them. while I made notes of the conversa­
They knew it had happened at their tion, “ you write this down: when
own mill and in other mills in Char­ John L. Lewis helps us we’ll help him
lotte and they had heard that it was but we got enough o’ talk.”
the same all over the textile area. To “ That’s right,” said the others.
the terrific stretch out whereby one “ W e’re sk eered a b ou t this food
worker frequently did the work of thing,” the middle-aged man said sim­
two, the mills had added more highly ply. “ Suppose I join the union and

Selling Out
June 16, 1938 77

get fired. Where’ll I eat? Where’ll my capitalisms? How is it that Chamber-

children eat?”
“ The Wagner Act law protects you
THE TORIES ARE THE PACIFISTS lain has turned pacific, and what has
made such ardent capitalists out of
now. They can’t fire you for joining the B ritish L a b o r P a rty , and the
a union,” the woman began. French socialists and communists?
“ Yes, I heered that but the mill su­ The first answer, of course, is that
perintendents ain’t heered of it,” he whatever else a world war today might
said dryly. be it would not be between competing
"They still fire you for joining the capitalisms. It would not even be for
union,” the older man explained. markets. It would be for raw mate­
“And now that there’s a slackin’ off of rials. And it would be fought on the
work and we work a week and stand one hand b y fa s c is t , non-capitalist
a week— ” states, against the capitalist democ­
He shook his head without finish­ racies.
ing his sentence. But that answer is not enough. It
“ How will you eat if the mills close still does not explain how Chamber-
altogether because of overproduc­ lain has become willing to make con­
tion?” I asked. cessions with nations which covet the
“ Run to the charities again,” said raw materials which Britain possesses.
one. He is the guardian of the empire which
“ I reckon he’s right,” said another. British capitalism has built, the great­
“ Where else can we go?” est in ancient or modern times. He
“ It's being hungry,” the old man can command a strength far more de­
said again. “ That’s what we’re cisive in a prolonged war than the
skeered o f.” power the fascist states can hope to
So, sitting there on that broken step rally against him. Yet he goes out of
of the Davis shack I lea rn ed how his way to be considerate to the fascist
much recovery the mass of the people states. He has praised the domestic
got. achievements of Mussolini in Parlia­
I left these tired, prematurely aged % ment. He has repeatedly stated that
men and women and went back to J a u r e s , th e g r e a t a n t i - m i l i t a r i s t , had to b e s h o t the German form of government and
Clarence Kuester who so perfectly re­ economic life is no concern of the
flects the attitude of the average British, though its non-capitalist na­
Charlotte business man. I found him C h a m b e r la in r e v o lv e s o n th e ture is only less apparent than that of
in his office, one of his long legs dan­ Soviet Russia, which he and his fel­
gling over a near-by chair, puffing a Rom e-Berlin a x is not because he low-conservatives have loudly and fer­
cigar and complacently viewing the vently condemned.
neatly stacked piles of literature tell­ loves the fascists more but be­ Mr. Chamberlain is a poorer de­
ing how Charlotte and its environs fender of British capitalistic democ­
have now surpassed the 1929 peak of
cause he loves the socialist-dem ­ racy than the British Labor Party, or,
production and sales. o crats much le ss. If the Rom e- to stretch that statement, the tory
“ I ’ve been talking with the mill prime minister is a poorer capitalist
workers,” I said, “ and it seems to me Berlin a x is ceases to revo lve, the than his socialist o p p o s itio n . This
that they are worse off then they were doesn’t make sense, but it is so. The
three or four years ago—-” p e o p le s of Ita ly an d G e rm a n y confusion isn’t in stating the facts but
He did not give me a chance to in the facts themselves.
finish. "Oh, that can’t be,” he ex­
w ill—-and revo lu tio n m en acin g The old ideas about war, about com­
claimed, shoving his derby on the peting capitalisms, and the struggle
property rights is the last thing
back of his head. “ They got raises— ” for markets, are out of date. It is true
“ The rise in the cost of living is British tories care to contem plate. that they were the ideas which gave
greater than their raises with the re­ rise to British conservatism on the
sult that they can’t buy as much for Their choice is fascism or social one hand and s o c ia lis t opposition
the money they get now as at the on the other. Mr. Chamberlain was
depth of the depression— ” democracy-—and th at’s e a s y . formed in a truly capitalist world, his
“ Well, maybe you’re right,” he said opposition grew strong in the rejec­
airily. “ I don’t know much about the tion of that capitalism. Yet today, Mr.
wages the workers get. No, sir. I keep t is n ’t going to happen, but imagine democratic France to militaristic Ger­ Chamberlain is ready to compromise
away from that. I don’t know no
more about that than a jay bird sittin’
I that it did, that some British Labor
Party conspirator shot down Cham­
many. And the government of the Kai­
ser explained to the German trade
with non-capitalism so long as it is
called fascism, and the Labor Party is
on a fence.” berlain because he refused to fight the union leaders that they had to choose ready to defend capitalism so long as
“ But if the mills are overproduced fascists. That would be today’s coun­ between enlightened German paternal­ it remains democratic.
and people are being thrown out of terpart of the assassination of Jaures, ism and the then miserable standard The changes behind this confusion
work and those who do work can’t the French labor leader in 1914. He of life in Russia. They chose without are extremely important. Europe is
buy as much for their money because was killed because, presumably, he too second thought, and the Social Demo­ evolving toward collectivism. One type
everything has gone up, how will they would oppose a war. Only Jaures was cratic Party voted for the war budget of collectivism, the kind the British
be able to buy what has already been a socialist, and Chamberlain is a tory in the Reichstag. But before the World Labor Party believes in, is democratic,
produced and is on the store shelves?” and times have changed. Generally War the strength of socialism was but it makes a frontal attack on pri­
“ Oh, that’s simple,” he laughed speaking, it is the socialists and lib­ hard to gauge. It was international to vate property and the privileges it
cheerfully. “They can buy on the in­ erals today who are warlike and the the roots, so was trade unionism in now enjoys. The other type, fascism,
stallment plan.” tories who are pacific. This is the only a lesser degree. War, said the makes a flank attack on private prop­
“ But—•” I began. strangest somersault of all the many dogma of those days, is a fight for erty, and r e je c t s d e m o cra cy alto­
“ That’s a very complicated thing, in this modern industrial society. markets between competing capital­ gether. The British Labor Party wants
you know— all that about wages and In 1914 both the French and Ger­ isms. So the workers were against it, social democracy, which entails the
that sort of thing.” said Clarence with man governments were frightened that that is, until they found themselves social ownership of the means of pro­
a wave of a hand. “ I don’t know their s o c ia lis t workers would rebel confronted with an immediate choice duction but sets up a state governed
nothin’ about that. All I know is that against mobilization and war, and so between the living conditions they al­ without dictatorship. The fascist state
things here are just fine. Yes, sir. lay the country wide open to invasion. ready enjoyed and something a good does not stress social ownership. It is
Don’t forget to say that now, will The danger was exaggerated, as events deal poorer. quite willing that the means of pro­
you? These Carolinas— great states! proved. The murder of Jaures was su­ What has produced the somersault duction should be privately owned, so
Yes, sir! And we’re getting along just perfluous. French workers submitted since then? Has war ceased to be a long as the state can control the pro­
fine. Just fine!” * to mobilization because they preferred fight for markets between competing duction itself. In other words owner-
78

ship, though nominal, is retained. Nazi in Britain and France. Hence they be­ Mussolini and Hitler in power. They But in the final analysis, this is the
Germany, for instance, has returned came belligerent when the Loyalist dislike them both for many reasons, way the British have chosen to go.
to private ownership the steel shares government was attacked by foreign but they dislike European revolution They will not fight the fascists be­
and banking interests purchased by fascists. They chide Mr. Chamberlain still more. And they see quite clearly cause war is dangerous and costly, but
the Weimar Republic under Chancel­ for not being willing to defend democ­ that if the fascist dictators vanish also because they do not want to beat
lor Bruening. But Nazi Germany has racy. Not only that, they demand a they will be succeeded by a collectiv­ them. Looking ahead this year, next
complete control of production, which European security system which will ism which frontally attacks private year, fascism, whatever else it may
the Weimar Republic never attempted curb such aggression by the fascist property, and so encourages radical­ be, is a safeguard to private property
to exercise. The Weimar Republic was states. Mr. Chamberlain answers them ism at home. in imperial Britain. And through this
evolving toward a social democracy, by virtually abandoning the League of The point can be made that this is thinking, Mr. Chamberlain emerges as
which is what the Hitler revolution Nations, by co m in g to term s with a poor way to defend private property a working pacifist, a man no longer
averted. T hen the H itle r revolu­ Italy, and by wooing Germany. Col­ in Great Britain. Fascism is just as concerned with expanding the British
tion set out to save a semblance of lective security for the defense of severe in curtailing the freedom of market, nor even with defending the
private property, discard democracy, mere democracy does not interest him. private property as social democracy, empire. He will take no risks, since
but still erect the collectivist state, What alone concerns him is the de­ a discovery the capitalists of Italy and all risks involve the security of his
which completely controls the entire fense of private property, the real Germany are making to their chagrin. J class in Great Britain. •
economic life of the nation. thing if it is to be had, and if not, its
Europe faces a general choice be­ nominal retention.
tween a collectivism which nominally The abandonment of the League
saves private property but destroys had already begun during the Ethio­
democracy, and one which destroys pian War, so that the Chamberlain-
private property but saves democracy. Mussolini agreement of this year was
It is social democracy o r fascism.
And when confronted by this choice,
a culmination, not a beginning of that
policy. But the same general concern
FABLE OF THE HOWLING MONKEY
Mr. C h a m b erla in , representing the over property interests can be said to
propertied classes of Great Britain, have had d e te rm in e d the British
shows that he prefers fascism. course during the application of sanc­
It is only in the light of this choice tions against Italy. It is reading deeply
that the Chamberlain policy in Spain below the surface to say so, but the
becomes intelligible. If Mr. Chamber- deeper interpretation also makes clear
lain had been merely a good imperial­ the otherwise confusing British policy.
ist, he would have kept Italy, Ger­ As to sanctions against Italy, they
many and R u ssia out of Spain at broke down when Mussolini threat­
whatever cost. For the foreign collec­ ened war if his oil supplies were cut
tivist state which wields the power in off. The British government never was
Spain can sever one of the central ar­ quite frank as to why the oil sanctions
teries of the British Empire. But im­ were not pressed. One reason given
mediate empire interests did not gov­ was that American co-operation was
ern Mr. Chamberlain. Nor was he lacking, but that refers only to formal
dominated by the urge to serve de­ co-operation. Informally the State De­
mocracy, for then he would have been partment and the private American
still more insistent on a Loyalist vic­ oil interests were prepared to make
tory. the oil sanctions as effective as the
The Loyalist government, at the difficult circumstances permitted. The
outset of the civil war, was a popular real reason put forward by the British "B efo re lo n g they put th e i r h ead s tog eth e r in a carefu l co n sp ira cy"
front government, and with all its defi­ unofficially was Mussolini’s threat of
ciencies was democratic. It is break­ war. But that, too, was not a satisfac­
ing up the landed interests which have tory explanation. The British were in
kept Spain in ignorance and subjec­ no doubt that if Mussolini declared He had d ream s from w h ich he
tion for centuries. It is going to oper­ war they could beat him in fairly
ate the means of production in ac­ quick time. The truth is that they
a w o k e ho w ling , w hich an n o ye d
cordance with true social-democratic did not want him beaten. For that the b ig g e r m o n k e y s , but th e y
principles. Mr. Chamberlain is not in­ would mean his overthrow, and a rev­
terested in the d e m o c r a c y of this olution in Italy. Such a revolution, c o u ld n ’t sh u t him up b e c a u s e
process. Its attack on the privileges of the British foresaw, might spread to
private property offends him. He pre­ France, and from France to Britain. som ehow all the m any little mon­
fers General Franco, particularly since And a revolution in Britain would en­
he believes he can modify his fascism. danger private property. To the ruling k e y s found his how ling infinitely
What Britain really wants in Spain is men of Britain it seemed that the sim­
plest way to preserve private property
p leasin g . This w a s silly because
shown by its acceptance of the Duke
of Alba as the Franco representative in Great Britain was to keep Musso­ the big m onkeys w ere much more
in London. The Duke is the symbol of lini in power. And in this cause the
the old landed interests. If Chamber- half-barbarian rights of Haile Selassie im portant than the little m onkeys
lain has his way, they are the ones to were a cheap price to pay.
be restored to power in Spain. This is not to say that the British but, a la s , not so num erous.
So one sees the workings of Cham­ cabinet, when it discussed its immedi­
berlain’s mind. It rejects social democ­ ate course in Geneva, frankly admit­
racy altogether, the democracy not ted in its secret meetings that it would BY ARTHUR DAVISON FICKE
being important without private prop­ sacrifice Ethiopia in the cause of Brit­
erty. In the straight choice between ish private property. There were many
social democracy and fascism, fascism considerations weighed in those talks. he b ig c h ie f and b o ss o f the howler of them all. His eloquent
is found more tolerable. But better
than either would be to put private
But one of them was the kind of Eu­
rope which would result from a war
T American tribe of monkeys was a
monkey nam ed Francis. A m erica n
howls were the admiration of all and
sundry.
property in the saddle by giving the and from Mussolini’s defeat. And the monkeys b e lo n g to the su b -cla s s Francis, like the rest of his tribe,
Spanish government back to the land­ cabinet preferred the Europe o f Mus­ called “ M ycetes,” commonly called had that curious device of nature
owning class which has ruled so long. solini to the Europe in which he had “ The Howling Monkey.” Owing to a called a prehensile tail. That is, he
The British Labor Party, equally so been overthrown. peculiar conformation of their throats had the power to use his tail as if it
the workers of France, are pro-Loyal- And that remains the British stand­ they are gifted with voices of tremen­ were a paw; he could grab things with
ist because the Spanish government of point today. The conservatives of the dous power and volume. his tail. It was a characteristic of his
the popular front, if it can win, will Chamberlain school would make far- This Francis could howl second to tribe.
establish the kind of state they want reaching concessions to keep both none of his tribe. He was the grandest But the odd thing about this par­
Ju ne 16, 1938 79

ticular Howling Monkey was that he well. Since this is your preference,
preferred not to use his terrific grab­ we will not amputate your prehensile
b in g -p o w e r fo r his own personal tails. We will merely cut them off
profit. He had it all figured out: “ I slowly,— one inch at a time.”
can eat only three meals a day, and The humor of this statement did
smoke only one cigarette at a time, not appeal strongly to the assembled
and sleep in only one bed each night. big monkeys. They muttered some­
So I will restrain the limitless grab­ thing about their social obligations to
bing-ability of my prehensile tail.” the tribe, and went away.
That personal philosophy at length Before long they put their heads
became his h a b itu a l m an n er of together in a careful conspiracy. They
thought. were in perfect a g r e e m e n t: th ey
Thus he became the great dreamer agreed that it was one of the inalien­
of his time, the principal poet of his able rights of the American monkey
age. He developed a compassion for to use his prehensile tail for all it was
the monkey who was poor, who was worth. This, and this alone, was life
out of luck, who was stupid, who was and liberty and the pursuit of happi­
old. He began to feel that grabbing- ness. They would defend this idea—
power was not a very beautiful or they would defend it to the utter­
praiseworthy thing. And he said so in most. Even up to the point of paying
public. two per cent of their incomes into
Such a thing had never been heard a Defense League. Which they pro­
before— and it was r e s e n t e d . The ceeded to do.
larger monkeys, waving their enor­ So it came about that on a day
mous prehensile tails, danced around several medium-sized monkeys— em­
Francis in a war-dance of fury. They ployed by the Defense League of
would have torn him to bits had they Great Monkeys with Prehensile Tails
dared. — staged a show. They started to
But they did not dare— they had climb the Great White Tree where
not the courage of clean consciences. Francis sat enthroned. Their inten­
They had to content themselves with tions were not amiable.
gathering together in such places as Francis laughed as his aggressors
the Monkey U n iv e r s ity Club over climbed the Tree. He had enough
their drinks and muttering to one an­ im a g in a tio n to know what would
other: “ Francis is ruining Monkey- happen.
land ! He is saying that we should not Out of the obscure depths of the
use our prehensile tails to grab every­ jungle below there came many mon­
thing in sight! He is positively un- keys. Creeping silently from the un­
monkeyish! ” derbrush, there came small monkeys
Francis persisted in his evil ways. with broken hands, old monkeys with
So great was his howling-power that labor-tortured brows, young hopeful
no monkey dared resist him. All the monkeys, sick monkeys, h o p e le ss
bigger monkeys were horrified— for it monkeys, monkeys with faces quiet
became gradually clear to them that with reflection, violent monkeys that
Francis’ love of power— a trait which were now violent because they had
all monkeys have— was completely suffered much in their youth from
satisfied by protecting the interests of the prehensile tails of the big mon­
the common monkey, the weak mon­ keys. Also there were lazy monkeys
key. Many people of the Monkey who were no good to anybody, and
Tribe thought that this was a very clever monkeys who hoped to profit
nice and civilized way of sublimating b y th is a d v en tu re. But there— of
one’s desire for power— but the larger every kind and order of ability or
monkeys with the terrific prehensile honesty— there they stood at the base
tails were as sore as wet hens. of the Great White Tree.
These larger monkeys had had it They merely stood there. They did
their own way for quite a while. They not do anything but stand there.
had grabbed everything in sight. It Their faces were serious as they
had become a habit, without any rela­ looked up at the medium-sized mon­
tion to their needs or desires. It was keys who were in the employ of the
a mental disease common to monkeys. Defense League of Great Monkeys
Grab, grab, grab, all summer long. A with Prehensile Tails.
purely automatic reflex action. Such
There was a long silence.
is the ordinary monkey. They are
Then the medium-sized monkeys
much the same, on all continents.
decided to call it a day. They slid
Francis conceived an idea. The idea
down the Tree, and went off into the
was a dream. Many good ideas are
jungle.
dreams.
It was a very happy solution of a
Francis called the biggest and long­
est-tailed monkeys together and said difficult problem. The American type
frankly: “ Your prehensile tails are of monkey would really like to com­
public nuisances. I shall have them promise in sane adjustments— but if
amputated tomorrow.” you push him too far, he can be flam­
“ Fascist! Communist! Bolshevik! ing hell-fire.
Anarchist! Foreigner!” were some of Francis remained, eloquently howl­
the howls that arose from the assem­ ing and unharmed, in his Big White
bled prehensile-tailed monkeys. They Tree. He was the great dreamer and
were in fury; they were in terror; principal poet of his time. The tribe
they were lost in a world of private has not yet reached agreement as to
anger which made them unable to in­ whether he was a truly great monkey
terpret Francis’ dream. or just a nuisance. Probably they
Francis grinned. He said: “ Very never will. •
A Little Early!
80

built for him that stands in his box at the newsreels’ agreement not to show
WHAT THE NEWSREELS NEVER SHOW the opera in Rome.
Some cruel editor cut the unex­
him walking, it seldom occurs to
people that the President has any
pected scene in the clubhouse enclo­ trouble in getting about.
sure at Belmont Park where a fash­ Jimmy Walker, who resigned as
ionably-gowned damsel suddenly lost Mayor of New York under a cloud,
her panties as she stood near the rail retained considerable popularity be­
watching the stirring finish of a horse cause of his gay, jaunty newsreel ap­
race. pearances. Even after his voluntary
When Edward, now the Duke of exile in England, Walker was ap­
Windsor, was Prince of Wales, he plauded by New York audiences
was caught by the newsreel camera when his picture was flashed on the
tripping over a sound cable with a screen.
comic effect that would have done Theatre audiences are observant.
credit to any stage zany. The Duke is When Queen Mary of England ap­
very nervous and must be checked peared in a new hat soon after the
lest he fidget with his face or clothes death of King George V. “ M y God!
and produce a ludicrous effect. She’s got a new hat!” was heard on
Immediately after their marriage all sides.
Edward and Wally p o se d fo r the Many distinguished foreigners
newsreels. When their pictures were speak English with a thick accent
flashed on American screens, Wally that would bring certain laughter
was seen to have a large mole on the from theatre audiences. To avert
left side of her face and the Duke such incidents, the newsreels some­
stood revealed with a much-wrinkled times have the visitor say a few words
and worried countenance. The picture in his native tongue and then the
destroyed much of the glamor that commentator gives the balance of
had surrounded the seemingly-youth- his remarks in English. This kind of
ful pair and showed them as a mid­ first-aid to visiting firemen may ex­
dle-aged and not especially distin­ plain why the French government has
guished-looking couple. Instead of decorated so many heads of newsreel
using a soft-focus lens that would companies.
T h e Duke a n d th e D uch ess of W in d s o r a r e re e fe d a fte r th e cerem o n y have hidden their blemishes, the cam­ Many noted people become un­
eraman used a lens that brought them nerved and bewildered before a news­
out. reel camera.
Self-censorship of n ew sreels cuts The wedding pictures of Windsor Walter S. Gifford, president of the
and Wally made Hollywood newsreel­ American Telephone & T e le g ra p h
out in c id e n ts th a t m ig ht p ro v e conscious. Mary Pickford, who wed Company, went twice to a newsreel
Buddy Rogers, soon after the Duke’s studio to make a talk but was unable
em barrassing to celebrities. Foot­ marriage, kept newsreel men at a dis­ to utter a single word. After a week
ag e show ing the midget king of tance of twenty feet during her bridal he returned to the studio again and
ceremony and insisted that they use went through the speech without error.
Italy being lifted onto his horse soft-focus lenses. Mary hired her When Mussolini gave his first
own cameraman to make the closeup American newsreel interview in Rome
goes into the vault. There, also , shots. he read into the microphone the
Some much-photographed celeb­ words on a sign held up to attract
repose certain shots of ex -K in g rities like General Pershing know the his attention. This is the famous
A lfo n so ’s p an ts, and of a fa s h ­ effect produced by various lenses and interview in which the fascist dic­
insist on one that doesn’t show all the tator’s remarks about “ The American
io n a b le l a d y ’s p a n t s . lines in their faces. Pershing has been Peep’ ” drew roars of laughter in
fooled by cameramen working in ca­ theatres.
hoots. One will take his picture with For years after his exile to Doom,
BY EDWARD HARRISON a soft-focus lens while another, a the Kaiser refused to be photo­
short distance away, is snapping him graphed. A newsreel company out­
with a sharper lens. Pershing and the foxed him by planting a cameraman
n chronicling the h ig h lig h ts o f “ I f anything ever happens, I ’ll know late Marshal Foch both had trouble in a clump of bushes along the road
I world events, the newsreels often
run into incidents that they dare not
where to go when I want the right
decision.”
with their false teeth while talking
before the newsreel camera.
where he took his morning walk. As
the Kaiser stepped briskly along, a
put on the screen. So when the hot Many gruesome scenes of death Prohibition offers a classic example second newsreel man with an un­
stuff comes in, the makeup editor and destruction in Shanghai were of how the newsreels can injure a loaded camera walked up to him.
gives the order to “ vault it.” snipped from newsreels because they cause merely by showing the people Wilhelm’s guards came running up
Suppose you went to your favorite were revolting and might bring on who support it. By frequent inter­ as he shied away. The hidden camera
theatre and saw the Fox Movietone censorship. Pathe News began scissor­ views with Ella Boole and other of recorded the entire scene.
picture of ex-King Alfonso of Spain ing its own prints after Baltimore the dried-up, gloomy looking prohibi­ The late General Hindenburg, pres­
buttoning his fly on a horse. Or the censors twice ordered elimination of tionists, the newsreels helped to bring ident of Germany, would not allow
Pathe News film of President Roose­ scenes of the Shanghai carnage be­ on repeal. Howls of laughter invari­ his voice to be recorded. He consid­
velt, then Governor, describing with cause they were inflammatory. To ably greeted the appearance of the ered that beneath his dignity. The
gestures how a gardener had thumbed forestall possible censorship a news­ more ardent prohibitionists on New reels finally got his voice when he
his nose at him. reel “ vaulted” an interview with an York theatre screens. made a lengthy address at the launch­
The newsreel that got President Australian youth who became de- Other causes, besides prohibition, ing of the Bremen. Pope Pius, too,
Roosevelt’s nose-thumbing picture feminized at the age of eighteen and have been damaged by unfortunate would not consent to a recording.
was asked not to use it and didn’t. then wed. The youth described his newsreel appearances. The dull, un­ His voice was caught at the dedica­
Alfonso never knew he had been feelings before and after he became inspiring presence of Herbert Hoover tion of the Vatican radio station.
caught in so unkingly a pose because a man. and Governor Alf Landon and their When the late Calvin Coolidge first
the story wasn’t released. Neither was Newsreels generally avoid use of fatuous, wooden discourses soured heard his voice after a newsreel in­
the incident that occurred at a little pictures that might ridicule or em­ many people on the Republican party. terview, he exclaimed, “ Do I talk
ceremony where Vice-President Gar­ barrass famous people. For this rea­ Some individuals benefit from hav­ like that? Through my nose?”
ner and Speaker Bankhead were con­ son you don’t see King Victor Em­ ing good newsreel personalities. Pres­ Sir Thomas Lipton commented
gratulating Justice Hugo Black, then manuel of Italy, who is slightly taller ident Roosevelt is a shining example. after seeing himself in a newsreel,
newly-appointed to the U. S. Supreme than a midget, being lifted onto his M r. R o o s e v e lt w ears b ra ce s and “ That’s wonderful! But what an aw­
Court. Garner jokingly said to Black, horse. Nor the tiny chair especially moves with difficulty. As a result of ful Scotch accent you gave m e!” •
(Pictures on Pages 58-61)
J u n e 16, 1938 87

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82

RE L I E F MAN C O N F E S S E S A L L “ Do you know Mort Byers?” I

inquired. “ He didn’t have a steady
job the last I knew.”
if you want to offer Henry Withers a
job, you can tell him that if he
doesn’t take it he'll be laid off W.P.A.
“ Him? Hell, he won’t work. I of­ anyhow if you notify the W.P.A. of­
fered him a year ’round job at $30 fice that he refused work.”
a month and board here a while ago. “ What about next October when
D'you know what he said? He said, my work will be done? Can Henry
‘It’s too much like work.’ That’s what get back on W.P.A. then?”
he said. He’d rather have you keep on “ You can tell him that when your
feedin’ him— and he’ll never do a tap job is done, he can get back on
of work as long as you do.” W.P.A. if he’s eligible and there is
“ W e’re not, now. We dropped him any project he can work on. I have
when spring work started,” I said. been told that W.P.A. means to keep
“ There’s old Jeff Hall lives out your that pledge even if it has to lay off
way, but I ’m afraid he wouldn't be someone else to make a place for the
much use to you. He's got a bad rup­ man who has lost private employ­
ture and his left arm’s stiff, but he’s ment that he took voluntarily.”
still game— he’ll try anything.” “ Ain’t you got any authority with
“ Sure. I know Jeff. He’ll work, all these W.P.A. men?”
right, if he can cut it, but he ain’t able “ No, the Emergency Relief Ad­
to do much anymore. No, I need a ministration is a separate organiza­
man who can pitch hay. What about tion— State and County. Our only
these lazy devils on W.P.A.? Why are connection with W.P.A. is certifying
R e l i e f v ia p i c k and s h o v e l— B e t t e r than n o th in g b u t n o th in g much to b r a g o f they still living off tax money when to W.P.A. the names of employable
every farmer in the county needs people who have applied for relief
help? Henry Withers, for instance. I and have been found eligible.”
seen him last night, and he said, ‘ Bert, “ How many men you got on W.P.A.
"W hat about these la z y devils on I'd like to work for you, but if I once here now?”
W P A ? ,” Farm er A nd erson asked get off W.P.A. I can't get back on— “ About 150. There were around
and I got to think of next winter.’ 350 at the high point. I think our
the co u n ty re lie f a d m in istra to r. Now, what about that?” W.P.A. men have done pretty well
“ Well,” I said, “ you can’t blame finding jobs for themselves. After all.
"L iv in ’ off ta x m oney an d I ca n ’t him too much. Have a cigarette.” there's no industry in this county to
“ Don't use ’em.” H e p u lle d a recover. The timber is gone for good;
g e t tw o h a n d s . I ’ m n e a r c r a z y leather pouch from his pocket and two-thirds of the land isn't worth
looking for a m an .’’ Then the re ­ took a chew of tobacco. I lighted my farming. There's nothing to do except
cigarette and leaned back. farm, move out, or get relief.”
lief ad m inistrator, puffing a cig­ “ That W.P.A. stuff goes like this,” “ That’s about right as far as it
I began. I knew what there was to goes. But these guys could at least
a re tte , got d o w n to ca se s w ith be said, because I had to go over it, raise their own grub. I did. I come to
either with a W.P.A. worker or some this county 46 years ago. I started
Fa rm e r A n d e rs o n , w h o ch e w e d conscientious objector like Mr. An­ with nothing, cleared my own land,
derson, on an average of twice a day. and made my own way. Things are
cut plug. M ayb e it’s this business “ In theory, if a man goes off W.P.A. mighty different now. These jaspers
of relie f, th ey h a lfw a y a g re e d , to take private employment, he is sit around and wait for their livin’
supposed to have the right to go back to be brought to ’em. Like Mort
that keep s the country from be­ on W.P.A. if he loses his private job. Byers, now. He could get ten jobs in
W.P.A. regulations have said that an hour if he'd try.”
ing a good d eal w o rse off. from the first, but here at least it “ Oh, there are always a few like
just doesn’t work out that way. Mort who hate to work. I guess there
W.P.A. always has a certain quota— were always some like that— but not
BY THOMPSON YOUNG so many men they can have working many— not enough, really, to worry
in the district. When the quota is about.”
full, they can't assign or re-assign “ What I ’d like to know is where
anybody. And since last fall, they’ve it’s all leadin’ to,” he said, leaning
see the b e a rd e d fa rm er some man who ain’t afraid to do a been cutting down the quota in this back in his chair and looking at me
I
could

through the semi-transparent cur­ day's work for a day’s pay. I ’m near district every so often. grimly. “ Here's this country borrow­
tains across my office window. He crazy tryin’ to find a man. 1 got to get “ A man who's gone off has the right ing itself farther and.Jarther into the
walked purposefully, with a long my hay in. and I can’t do it alone. to get back on— but if the quota’s hole. All that money’s got to be paid
stride. He stopped in front of our Have you got anybody you’re feedin’ full there’s no place for him. Nat­ back sometime— and who’s going to
door to read the sign: s a g a i i o c o u n ­ who's willing to work?” urally the men have seen this happen, pay it? I pay plenty taxes. Why
ty EM ERGENCY R E L IE F A D M IN IS T R A ­ “ I ’m afraid we haven’t anybody on and they don’t want to take the should I be taxed to support Mort
T IO N .Then he came in. He was wear­ direct relief who would be much use chance. You can’t blame them too Byers when he’s just as able to work
ing a battered black hat, an old brown to you,” I said. “ All the men we had much. Most of the farm jobs last only as me— and I got work for him to do?
shirt, and patched overalls. who were able to work have either got a few months, and the men have the Where’s it all going to end? Because
“ You the boss here?” he asked. jobs of their own now, or are on W.P. rest of the year to worry about.” it’s going to end, mark my word, and
“ Yes,” I said. A. But I ’ll try to find you a man.” “ So that’s the way it works,” he mighty sudden when the time comes.
“ I'm B ert A n d e r s o n ,” he an­ “ I wisht you would. I'll have work said. “ It ain’t right.” “ Look here, you see all this stuff
nounced. “ I ’m lookin’ for some help.” for two men till the last of October. “ Of course not,” I agreed. “ And every day. What do you think about
“ Won’t you come in and sit down, I pay $1.50 a day and dinner. I don’t W.P.A. has recognized that and has it?” He spoke aggressively, as if he
Mr. Anderson?” I jerked my head to­ ask a man to kill himself on my place. tried to do something about it. A new held me personally responsible for
ward the wall-boarded, semi-private I'm 71 years old, but I don't ask a ruling says that workers who leave the condition of the nation.
room in which I do my interviewing. man to do more’n I do— all I want is W.P.A. for private jobs and lose the He had me on the spot. I confessed
Our office is makeshift and somewhat for him to keep up with me.” jobs through no fault of their own will that most of the time I didn’t know
grim, as most relief offices seem to be. “ Which part of the county do you be re-assigned to W.P.A. if they are what to think. “ Sometimes,” I said,
The bearded farmer stalked in, sat live in, Mr. Anderson?” eligible and projects are available. “ I feel we’re off on the wrong foot.
down by the end of my desk, took “ Two miles east of Hoogerville and The bulletin says also that W.P.A. But most of the time I feel that
off his black hat, looked at me a little a half-mile south. Big white house will lay off any man who is offered things have to be pretty much the
suspiciously. on the west side of the road. I got 120 temporary or permanent work within way they are. Nothing's easier to mis­
“ I don’t mean I want relief,” he acres there, but I can’t work it his capacity, if the job is full time understand or criticize than the ad­
said abruptly. “ I want to hire help— alone.” and at the prevailing wage-rate. So ministration of relief. It's a tough job
June 16. 1938 83

at best— sometimes it seems an im­ pay the doctor for the next baby.”
possible job. Often whatever you do “ Yes, I can see where that’s all
is a choice among evils. Who can right sometimes. But what gets me is
know, for instance, where adequate the way everything seems to be goin’,
relief stops and demoralization sets what with old age pensions and such­
in— since the turning point may vary like. What’s the use o f a m a n ’ s
with each individual. The first year I scratching his life away to make a liv­
was in the business I didn’t believe ing and lay up a little money? Who’s
that anybody could actually be satis­ goin’ to save to get over a tough win­
fied— have his initiative removed— by ter when he knows he can get relief?
our relief allowances. But it does hap­ W ho’s goin’ to put his money in the
pen, although not often. I ’m speaking bank when he knows he can get a
of direct relief now. Do you know pension when he’s old?”
how our allowances run?” “ That’s one you can answer your­
“ No, can’t say I do.” self, Mr. Anderson,” I said, grinning.
“ I ’ll tell you. For groceries, on our “ Would it have made any difference
regular flat budget, the maximum is to you when you were a young man
$6.50 for one person alone, $10.85 to have known you could get relief or
for two, $14.10 for three, $17.35 for a pension? Would it have killed your
four— up to $30.35 for a family of initiative? Would you have done any
ten. That’s a month, not a week. And less work or saved any less money?”
remember those are supposed to be “ Hell, no. It wouldn’t o f made any
maximum figures. Our actual allow­ difference to me. I ain’t that kind. I
ances are much less than that. This don’t ask odds of anybody, and never
month our family average of relief would.”
granted is just under $10. Our famil­ “ Of course not. And it won’t make
ies average about four persons— that any difference now or in the future to
m eans a b ou t $2.50 a person each the man who is like you— who has the
month. And that’s not just groceries, will and the ability to make his own
the average I quoted— it includes what way. But if something goes wrong—
clothing and fuel we buy, what rent with the weather, for instance, or the
bank he puts his money in— he won’t
and medical bills we pay.”
have to starve. Or if he gets sick and
“ I thought you gave more.”
spends his life savings on hospital
“ Most people do. Of course that’s
bills, as a good many middle-aged peo­
not the whole story. Sometimes peo­
ple have to do, he won’t have to go
ple on W.P.A. or on a private job may
without necessities. And the man who
receive only a dollar or two in relief.
just can’t get ahead— who hasn’t the
Also there are items not counted in knack of success or making money—
those figures— Federal surplus foods will be taken care of. Of course that
and clothing from the sewing projects, small percentage of unadjusted and
which help a lot. Many of our famil­ u n a d ju s ta b le people who can’t or
ies have some small income— perhaps won’t hold any job— like Mort Byers
four to ten dollars a month from a — will be taken care of too.
cow or two. We pay very little rent “ It seems to me we’ve made a little
in this county. Most people raise good progress in actual civilization in these
gardens. The County Poor Commis­ last few bitter years. W e’ve learned
sion takes care o f medical care for that obligations between the individ­
chronic cases and all hospitalization. ual and the country go both ways.
“ Another reason our direct order We have always liked to talk about
relief cases show so low an average the richness of A m e r ic a , and the
is that Aid to Dependent C h ild ren brotherhood of man— but the E.R.A.
cases are figured separately, not in­ put meaning into those ideas for the
cluded in the average I gave you. We first time to a great number of our
handle that type of relief, and Aid to people. What E.R.A. really did was to
the Blind, under the Social Security establish a certain standard of living,
Act. The Aid to Dependent Children painfully low, of course, but still a
cases— what we used to call Mothers standard, below which no person in
Pension cases— average about three the country should be required to
times as much as our direct r e lie f live. That, in spite o f all the hurry
cases— for a number of good reasons. and red tape, looks to me like a step
I don’t believe there is anyone get­ forward— in the right direction.”
ting relief here who doesn’t need it, “ Well, maybe it’s all right,” Mr.
and I don’t know of anyone who is, Anderson said doubtfully, shifting in
in my opinion, getting more than he his chair. “ But this country's in for a
needs. We haven’t any really employ­ bad time before it sees the end of
able people receiving relief now, ex­ this relief stuff, mark my word.”
cept the ones we supplement.” “ I don’t doubt it, Mr. Anderson.
“ You mean you help some of these But the country’s been in for a bad
W.P.A. men?” time for quite a while now. And may­
“ Yes, sometimes. If they get in full be it’s only this relief stuff which has
time, they draw $40 a month in this kept it from being a lot worse.”
county. Most men, even with families He got up abruptly, extended his
of eight to ten, get by on that with­ hand. “ Glad to have this talk,” he
out help from us, or with only surplus said. “ I wouldn’t trade jobs with you.
foods. Some just can’t manage. If a Well, I ’ll see Henry Withers again and
man has $8 a month rent to pay, and tell him what you said. I f you find
$4 transportation to and from work, anybody that wants to work, send ’em
he may be able to buy groceries for to see me.”
a family of nine with the $28 he has “ You bet I will,” I said.
left, but perhaps he can’t buy the He went out, slapping dust from
n e ce ssa ry c lo th e s and shoes— or his overalls with his black hat. •

Pilgrim age
84

lion dollars worth of trade. Nor did move by way of Hawaii, as it un­
OUR NAVAL EXPERTS he seem to understand that the first
result of his projected 24 billion dol­
doubtedly would, it would have to
cover almost 7,000 miles of open sea
lar war would have been the inevitable before reaching Japan. Upon its ar­
loss of the very trade his war was sup­ rival it would be far from fresh and
posed to safeguard. ready for action.
Perhaps these samples of the naval Some of the ships will have been
mentality at work will not suffice to crippled in one way or another. The
convince the earnest patriot. Let us bottoms of all of them will have
turn, therefore, to the classic blunder grown foul. The officers and men, con­
of 1915. stantly on the alert and running at
It was in that year that the plans high nervous tension throughout the
were laid down for the building pro­ long voyage, will have been physically
gram Congress approved in 1916. Al­ and mentally exhausted. Under these
though the general public was un­ conditions communications would in­
aware of what was happening, we evitably break down, making it dif­
were then moving rapidly toward war. ficult to carry out any plan of battle.
The bankers knew it, most of the pol­ Fuel supplies would be running low
iticians in Washington knew it. and refueling on the open sea would
The admirals used war-danger as be a desperate undertaking. “ Your
an argument for their new building fleet,” as Admiral Knight has said,
program. Since we were evidently to “ would get out there with its mate­
fight Germany, if we were to fight rial in very bad condition, and when
A d m i r a l L e a h y l o v e s th e b ig b a t t l e w a g o n s , w a n t s m o r e
anybody at all, the admirals might it got there it would have no place to
well have asked themselves what go for refitting or for any purpose
types of ships would prove most use­ whatever.” And the enemy fleet,
N a v a l e x p e r t s k n o w n o th in g ful and effective in such a war. We based on stations only a few miles
would hardly have needed a larger away, would be perfectly fresh and
about their ships and fa il to learn battle fleet. In the first place, it takes ready for action.
four years to build a sound capital Naval students, including our own
from previous error. A fter build­ ship. Secondly, the British Grand Captain Knox, have estimated that a
ing ob viously useless battleships Fleet had the German High Seas Fleet naval train undertaking such a voyage
bottled up. Thus, since there would would lose approximately 70% of its
instead of needed tran sp o rt-p ro ­ be no enemy fleet to which to give fighting effectiveness en route. If our
battle, there would be nothing for our present battle fleet, with its 15 capi­
tectors fo r the W orld W a r, th ey fleet, whatever its size, to do. tal ships, were to make the attempt,
On the other hand, it seemed quite it would arrive upon the scene of ac­
w a n t to build battleships a g a in , likely that our participation in the tion with the equivalent of only five
in case of conflict w ith J a p a n . European war would at least consist effective capital ships. It would be
in sending enormous quantities of little short of madness, of course, to
Such a fleet w ould lose 7 0 % of supplies to the Allied armies, while pit such a force against a fresh Japa­
there was also a fair chance that we nese fleet with its nine capital ships,
its effectiveness en route to J a p ­ would dispatch a huge expeditionary all of them in fighting trim.
force. Hundreds o f American ships We could, perhaps, use the Philip­
an e se w a te rs, and w ould h ave would be crossing the ocean and they pines as our jumping-off place— if
would need protection against the only the Japanese would let us. There
no b ase after it got there. we have Corregidor, considered by
German submarine. The task would
have to be left partly to cruisers, but many a virtually impregnable for­
in the main to destroyers and sub­ tress; and there we have the as yet
BY MAURITZ A. HALLGREN marine chasers. undeveloped naval stations at Cavite,
But our naval experts went ahead Olongapo and Polloc. The Washing­
with their plans for expanding the ton treaty forbade us to fortify and
ur admirals have spent the last never even been aboard one, had battle fleet. Precedent and their copy­ equip these stations for use as ma­
O several years preparing for a
glorious naval war with Japan that in
never seen one at target practice and
did not know enough about its con­
books had told them that that was jor naval bases. With our present fleet
the thing to do. When the war finally based on Cavite, say, we could easily
all human probability will never come struction to be able to give offhand broke, they sent a few battleships dominate the Western Pacific.
off. That does not mean that we shall the thickness of the armor on its tur­ over to Europe, but these vessels fired It is not the treaty so much as
never fight Japan. It means that, if rets— and who was nevertheless re­ not a single shot during the whole Japan that stands in the way of this
and when we venture upon this holy garded by himself and the Navy De­ course of the war. For the rest the solution. If we were now to make
mission, the navy will be all set to partment as an expert on the Class A navy turned to the task of building any move in the direction of setting
blow the Japanese fleet out of the cruiser, qualified to instruct Congress destroyers and sub-chasers by the up a naval base in the Philippines, the
water and will then suddenly discover that the national defense depended wholesale, a job it should have taken Japanese would regard that as a hos­
geography and strategy crying aloud upon this particular type of ship. on long before. tile act; and rightly so. The Japanese
for an entirely different kind of war. There was also the case of Admiral One would suppose that with this would seize the Archipelago at once,
Innocent patriots probably never Bristol, a member of the General lesson in mind the American naval ex­ before we could lay down a single
heard of the battleship expert, a cer­ Board of the Navy, who appeared be­ perts would not soon again fall into gun emplacement, to say nothing of
tain Admiral Rock, who was detailed fore a Senate committee, armed with a comparable error. Yet that they are a graving dock. It would do us no
to testify before a Congressional com­ charts and maps and statistical tables, doing today in preparing for war with good to send the fleet over to protect
mittee as to the worth of our capital to show just how the navy was ad­ Japan. They are making ready to the builders at their work, for first
ships, but who found himself imme­ justing its war plans to the economic challenge the Japanese in their own we would have to dispose of the Japa­
diately stumped when he could not position and trade needs of the coun­ waters, though the chances are over­ nese navy, and we h av e a lrea d y
remember whether any of our battle­ try. But within a few minutes Sena­ whelming that the American fleet can seen that without an operating base
ships had taken part in the battle of tor Tom Walsh had the admiral ad­ never even reach those waters, let in the Philippines our fleet would be
Jutland— which was fought 11 months mitting that he did not even know alone destroy the Japanese fleet if it at a decisive disadvantage in meeting
before we went into the war. whether his own statistics and charts ever should arrive there. the Japanese.
Nor, it seems safe to surmise, do were correct. Still this did not deter It is not simply a question of The American naval experts know
they know about that great authority him from using these charts and sta­ steaming off from San Pedro in the this. They know that the Japanese are
on the eight-inch-gun cruiser, Admiral tistics to advocate the construction of grand manner, cutting across the Pa­ supreme in their own waters. They
Chase, who had to confess under a 1.5 billion dollar navy to fight a 24 cific in record time and then proceed­ know that we ca n n o t successfully
questioning that he had never com­ billion dollar war (his own estimate) ing to dispose of the Japanese navy challenge that supremacy without a
manded an eight-inch-gun cruiser, had for the sake of “ protecting” 500 mil­ in short order. I f the fleet were to base in the Philippines. They know,
June 16, 7938 85

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moreover, that the Japanese would for four years rendered the British forces in types suitable for defeat of In 1915-16 the experts clamored
never let us esta b lish such a base. Grand Fleet literally impotent. There convoy escorts. The result of the war for bigger capital ships and for a big­
They may be pinning some hope on was nothing the British could do but would depend on the lasting powers ger fleet, when they ought to have
General MacArthur’s plan to raise a sit and wait, anchored by necessity to of the two adversaries in which the been building destroyers. Today, they
huge native m ilitia and to fortify their station off Northern Scotland, to potential economic resources would are clamoring once more for bigger
some of the weak spots in the Philip­ remain there for four long years. Yet play a large part.” ships and a bigger fleet, when, if any­
pines (of w h ich there are actually they could, at least, remain there, for In short, geography and strategy thing, they ought to be asking for
several score in n u m b e r ), but the their operating bases were only a few demand one kind of war— if we really types of ships “ suitable for defeat of
Japanese are also watching the situa­ miles away. must have a war— while the naval ex­ convoy escorts,” that is, for cruisers,
tion and would undoubtedly pounce An Anglo-American force in Japa­ perts lay plans for an altogether dif­ destroyers and submarines. It is really
upon the islands the m om ent the nese waters, with its base 3,500 miles ferent kind of war. Bound by tradi­ incredible that they should be repeat­
MacArthur plan threatened to turn away in Singapore, could not remain tion and precedent, they continue to ing the mistake of 1915, but there is
into a genuine menace to Japan’s se­ in these waters for more than a few dream of a combat in which our sailors the new naval program offering living
curity. So the naval e x p e rts have days at a time. The longer it stayed will blow the Japanese out of the water. » / proof that they are. •
fallen back upon the feeble and al­ and the lower its fuel, food and other (Pictures on Pages 62-63)
most c e r ta in ly futile expedient of supplies became, the more vulnerable
building a floating dry dock, which it would it become. I f it overstayed its
is intended shall be sent along with time, it might easily fall victim to a
the fleet on its fateful voyage to the sudden J a p a n ese sally (a fate the
Far East when der Tag arrives. This
dry dock could not begin to fill the
British narrowly escaped at Jutland).
Every sober naval student abroad,
DESK ROOM, DOLLAR A MONTH UP
many needs of a major battle fleet and some of our own as well, under­
in action. stands all of this. There is no secret i number a / ™ " n« it -■'ervi.'I9 offiVa' ,
Thus we are effectively barred from about the fact that the Japanese fleet - _ _ J 2 ^ R j v,s s « v , l - if
avt
fleet action in the Far East. The ex­ is unbeatable in its own waters (just jsS S L -J f
perts cannot get a rou n d this hard as the American fleet cannot be de­ I 1111* Mail perfect sy ste m han.'" e ./
fact. They have lately been looking feated in its waters).
about for an alternative, but even this That is not to suggest, however, ! A t f e 111
alternative would call for fleet action. that the United States could not de­
For instance, it has been suggested to feat Japan in war or that the navy
the British that an Anglo-American would have no part in such a war. But
monthly ----------— „TTl telephone, desk; e s i -------------- BROADWAY. 170 (1006) - Kfl.cieilt t
naval force, consisting of 15 Amer­ the naval experts would have to for­ phone, mail service, directory prlvilen
stenographer, mimeographing, reasonabl
ican and six British capital ships, to­ get all about fleet action and try an t siTH-nrETSr real estate, office, rea
, BROADWAY. 1.270 (33d)-O ffice rmrtn
I light, desk, mail-phone, services optional.
II congenial, reasonable (212-213).
gether with their a u x ilia rie s and entirely different method. s o n a b le ._____________________ -_____— —
i m T i S KAST-...SM ,? ” »
(tVpendablft mail-telephone service. Sl.M
screen, and based on S in g a p o re , A conflict with Japan would of ne­ r r if 202 WE8T - I » « k j w r p r ^ tT o m c e .
■ $25 service, mail." S3 SO: attracuve
rellent tiansit facilities. Inquire -d f ‘°":__
would be quite large enough to put cessity take the form of a war of at­ 1 „T«,t U 4'it Broadwa> . 4071- Share front CHURCH ST.. 30 (312E)-M all. address.
rent desk, service optional. | M , telephone, typist. Mercury Business
the Japanese in their place. Offhand, trition. Each side would have to at­ T^n---- □& WEST t Paramount Servlce)-
Mailing address. telephone message
1Service.

it would seem that that might turn tempt to wear down the other. Our i I service: $2 monthly______ _________ —
I .;snJSiS"JSisa
the trick, for the Anglo-American ad­ trade with the Far East would be cut j 7-8787
— COMB to 424 Madison Ave. Room 802. for
r- unusually attractive desk space. Efficient
mil. phone, secretarial service.
vantage over the Japanese would be off at once and automatically, but the
as seven is to three. Yokohama is Japanese would perforce also seek to
F o r S a l e — Ill u sio n s in a d d r e s s e s , l o b b y d i r e c t o r i e s a n d te l e p h o n e num bers
about 3.500 miles from S in g a p o re . impede and destroy our trade in other
The allied fleet, making this voyage corners of the globe. They would send
under war conditions, would stand to their cruisers and submarines out to
lose from 40 to 50% of its fighting run down and sin k ou r merchant
Y o u g e t a m a il a d d r e s s , a n d
effectiveness, but th a t w o u ld still ships. som ebody to a n sw e r the phone
leave it with a fairly c o m fo r ta b le Theirs would be an immensely diffi­
margin over the J a p a n ese. U pon cult task, since we are so largely self- and s a y yo u w o rk there but
reaching the prospective scene of ac­ sufficient. The loss of the whole of
tion it would have the equivalent of our foreign trade would hurt us im­ y o u ’re out, and for an o th er d o l­
12 effective capital ships as against mensely, but it would not ruin us nor
Japan’s nine, an advantage would be cause us to sue for peace. la r y o u r n a m e in the lo b b y
great enough to guarantee victory. We would have to follow the same
course. We would have to send swift
directory and the phone b o o k.
But here we come upon two ob­
stacles. First of all, the British have and powerful cruisers and submersi- And if yo ur business isn ’t quite
refused to fall in with this plan. This bles chasing after Japanese merchant­
may be largely ascribed to their re­ men wherever they might be found. sq u are, yo u can m ove to desk
luctance to weaken their position in Our task would be the easier, because
the Eastern Atlantic and the Medi­ the Japanese cannot live unto them­ room som ew here else after too
terranean by detaching six of their selves alone but must bring in some
capital ships for such a mission. food supplies and almost all of their
m any people have found out.
And it may be, too, that the Brit­ raw m a te ria ls from abroad. To be
ish are fully alive, if the American sure, the conquest of China would go BY MARTIN PANZER
experts are not, to the second obstacle a long way toward supplying Japan’s
to this plan for joint o p e r a tio n s . wants, and we could do little, if any­
While on paper the scheme appears thing, to interfere with this Chinese esk room m akes n u m erou s printing brokers, writers, manufactur­
plausible, it nevertheless o v e r lo o k s
one important detail. It suggests no
trade. Nevertheless, the long-run ad­
vantage would still lie with us.
D rackets easy. In New York City
there are listed in the classified di­
ers’ agents, typewriter repairmen, pi­
ano tuners and employed workers who
way in which the Japanese fleet can It would be grossly unfair to assert rectory 40 “ sub-landlords” who make want to pick up a dollar on the side
be brought into action. If the Japa­ that none of our naval experts see the a business of renting desks, desk room, and who derive a feeling of importance
nese will not give battle, and that they problem in this light. Some of them mail and telephone service at fees of from conducting a “ business” on a
would certainly not do in the face of do. For example, in 1930, Admiral one dollar to $20 a month, depending fancy street at a cost of little over a
a decisively superior force, the op­ Yarnell told a Senate committee that on the class of service and the amount dollar a month.
posing fleet would be checkmated. It in the event of such a war as this, of desk space. In addition there are Many others, however, conduct en­
would have no way of carrying out “ trade would be forced into convoys numerous sm aller-tim e desk room terprises no way legitimate. Desk
its main purpose of destroying the at once, and efforts would be made landlords who are listed in the direc­ room is a great help to mail order
Japanese navy. To avoid this fate, the on both sides to attack convoys, lead­ tory as being engaged in other busi­ fakers, for instance, who are able to
Japanese would have only to retire ing to increased diversion of force to nesses but who sub-let most of their inveigle advertising agencies, news­
into some snug and secure retreat as convoy protection. The shipbuilding space for desk room . M any o f the papers and magazines to extend credit
the Germans did in 1914. resources of the two countries would desk room users are inclined to be by virtue of imposing business names
The Germans got away with it and be devoted to augmenting the naval honest. These, for the most part, are and addresses. A favorite trick is the
June 16, 7938 87

ruse of calling the classified advertis­ in the lobby below. Any concern with
ing department just before deadline. a halfway imposing title, its address
The telephone girls, eager to close and telephone number in the tele­
the sales, put the ads through for phone directory and its name in neat
p u b lic a t io n , c o m f o r t e d with the white letters on the board can get by
thought that they couldn’t possibly with anything that stops short of a
consult with credit managers in time Dun and Bradstreet report. Many in­
to print the ads in the desired editions. dividuals have four or five such con­
What happens after that depends cerns under their control at an over­
upon how well the ads pull. Usually head of little more than ten dollars
they are worded so that customers per month.
are required to send cash with orders. A fairly recent desk room idea is
If there are sufficient returns to pay the purchase and sale of unused
for the ads and yield a good profit, stamps. Any man has the right to
the fakers do pay for the ads and buy stamps at any price unless they
ship their merchandise until business are stolen. By the same token, any
falls off. The last few ads are always man has the right to sell any stamps
unpaid for and the money received is he may own at any price he may
pocketed without the formality of choose unless they are come by dis­
shipping the goods advertised. The honestly. The post office department
advertiser then hies himself to an­ will send you a letter to that effect if
other desk room layout and starts you wish. The letter will practically
over again under a new name. Sooner set you up in business if you have
or later the post office department $1.50 f o r a Fifth Avenue ad d ress.
catches up with all of the consistent There is, of course, a certain amount
offenders, but always there is a new of legitimate stamp commerce because
crop to take their places. certain mail order houses, etc., receive
The use of desk room for the pro- in the mails more stamps than they
cural of credit was recently accom­ can use. The stamp dealers who have
plished in an amusing manner. A only desk room behind them do not,
young man, desirous of presenting however, ask prospective se lle r s to
the lady of the moment with a little sign affidavits to the effect that the
diamond ring and having a good deal stamps have not been stolen and so
less than the required amount o f cash, certain shipping clerks and others in
conceived the idea of renting desk positions of trust are enabled to turn
room under the name of the Inter­ an extra dollar now and then.
national Products C o r p o r a t io n of It must not be said that desk room
Lumber County. He then called upon lacks its cultural side. Ghost writ­
a local credit jeweler and bought the ing services and rewriting services
ring on time, giving the above named abound. College p r o fe s s o r s might
concern as his employer. The credit gnash their teeth if they knew how
man called the number given by his many of the final theses upon which
customer. they base their decisions to award
‘Ts this the International Products degrees have been bought in to to
Corporation of Lumber County?” he from some bright chap with desk
asked. room. Here is a typical ghost writing
The girl at the other end, trained deal in the making:
to be everybody’s secretary, glanced “ Hello, do you do ghost writing?”
hurriedly at the list on the wall before “ Yes.”
her. “ Yes,” she said. “ I need a thesis for graduation.”
“ Does John Doe work there?” “ How many words?”
Another look at the list. “ Yes, but “ What do you charge?”
he’s not in now. Any message?” “ Four dollars a thousand.”
John Doe got the ring, but the “ Too much. I need 3,000 words.”
jeweler never got the money for it. “ How much can you pay?”
Many of the sellers of desk room “ If I can’t get the whole thing for
are themselves on the alert for a suc­ five bucks, the hell, I ’ll do it myself.”
cessful idea. They have first crack at “ O.K. Where can I meet you?”
the mail that comes in and if one There is one difficulty that desk
tenant’s mail is particularly heavy or room landlords and landlords of desk
rich in coins, they Jose no time in room landlords find very trouble­
finding out why. They have nothing some. So many desk roomers go on
to lose but the good will of the desk living, advertising and a s s o c ia tin g
room tenant and that has so little with other people that the address
cash value that they don’t worry under which they operate becomes
about it. Once they learn the tech­ too widely known. There are several
nique of the racket, provided it isn’t addresses in New York that are im­
too shady, there are two similar con­ mediately recognized as desk room
cerns operating from the same ad­ addresses by tens of thousands and
dress until the originator catches on. their efficacy as background is thus
For long term rackets that require materially lessened. Property owners
a greater appearance of stability and
find it almost impossible to rent floors
reliability, desk roomers pay a dollar
other than those occupied by desk
more per month. Seventy-five cents
room landlords to legitimate business
of this goes to the telephone com­
pany for a listing in the directory. concerns of a different sort. This may
The telephone company does not forecast the final doom of all desk
limit the number of names that may room enterprises too small to rent
be listed for one telephone as long entire buildings, unless a thorough in­
as each name pays the 75c. The other vestigation results in the raising of
quarter pays for a listing on the board desk room standards. •

What Price Glory

88

WHEN IS A CRANK?
have time for your own work. I know. same as Mr. Stern’s, i.e., those who
The breed is made up of inveterate have the facilities and boast the name
letter-writers. It will swamp you.” It of authority refuse even to test his
has not— yet— and for all its volu­ theories.
minousness, I hold it to be the most The weather engages the attention
fascinating correspondence in the of a good many of my correspond­
To the Sm ithsonian Institute, the world today. Who else can number ents. One writes: “ I have four in­
among his pen-pals: a man who can struments that harness the weather
universities, and the U. S. g ov­
cure cancer— just like that! The only conditions universally, over the world
ernment bureaus, a cran k is a n y man in the world who know where and will predict the weather months
the Cosmic Rays come from— he says and years ahead of time.
m an w h o h a s th e te m e rity to so himself! A fellow who has re­ “ At the present time, I am grouping
futed the chief philosophies of the sixteen propositions which will be in
th in k , w itho ut h a vin g first ob- world— in six “ Little Blue” books! A my paraphellana to lecture over the
man who can measure the exact size country.”
ta in e d a license for th a tp riv ile g e . and shape of the earth— if anyone This is the gentleman who states in
A n y o n e w ith a n a stro n o m ic a l will back him! another letter: “ I am the only man
If I had the money, I would back in the world who knows where the
theory or a cancer cure is auto ­ Mr. Edward Stern of Philadelphia Cosmic Rays originate.” And he goes
who wishes to measure the shape and on to say: “ By placing a ball of fire
m atically a crackpot. The Sec’y size of the earth his way. He does not from the sun before my eyes just the
seem to me to be a crank. He has same as if I was standing along the
o f the F o rte a n S o c ie ty o ffe rs thought up a system which could be side of the sun and moon and peeping
tested for a small sum. but the Bu­ into the face of the sun and moon
him self as a haven for crackpot and by magnifying the ball of fire
reau of Standards, Department of
correspondence. He gets it. Commerce. Washington, will have and moon I can get my working
none of it. In a letter to Mr. Stern the apothesis and see just what is going
director states that: “ The figure of on in the sun and moon in the total
the earth is quite accurately known at and partial eclipses. I am not giving
BY TIFFANY THAYER you a picture of the instrument, as
present by methods of an unquestion­
able scientific standing. Your plan I am experimenting for the benefit of
appears to offer no practical advan­ the United States Government. I will
tages over methods now in use.” take this matter up later with the
Well, “ scientific standing” is the Scientific Research Committee in
only 1938-talk for “ in the name of Washington, D. C.”
Ashtoreth.” As for the “ figure of the The “ Scientific Research Commit­
earth” being “ quite accurately” and tee (S R C ?)” is a new arm of author­
unquestionably known— that is just a ity to me but I do not know every­
bald-faced lie. thing. “ Paraphellana” and “ apoth­
Mr. Stern states in a letter to me: esis” are new words to me, but I am
“ From that day unto this the writer eager to see new things and to think
has utterly failed to secure from Di­ new thoughts.
This data is from Mr. James C.
rectors of Bureau of Standards a sin­
Brown of La Porte, Texas, who has
gle rational, germane word of advice
had his picture in Popular Mechanics
regarding ‘the methods now in use’.”
with one of his instruments— and in
Accordingly, Mr. Stern feels “ forced
the Houston (Texas) Post with an­
to the conviction” that “ there has
other. He encloses two drawings per­
never been an unequivocal demon­
tinent to the cosmic ray, one of which
stration of the actual contour of the
bears this legend: “ Cosmic rays with
mean ocean level surface of our
a winding rope about one inch long
T hanks to c r a n k , n o n-sw im m ers can do up to 5 mph w ith th is w a v e - t u m b l e r earth.” Any reader who knows of such
on each side at times.” They laughed,
a demonstration will confer a favor
remember, at Columbus, and they
upon the Fortean Society as well as
shot Lincoln.
o t h e desk of a fourth vice- What would they say? Each of them upon humanity and posterity by for­
T president of the First National,
set among a score of others in the
in his patronizing way has called Mr. warding data to the Secretary’s office,
444 Madison Avenue, New York City.
Another Fortean, the late Lincoln
Phifer, had a shell around the earth
Zumpf the polite equivalent of a which he called “ the Canopy” or the
amphitheatre where the bank refuses crank or a crackpot and his work the There is the record of a religious
“ Crystalline.” The manuscript of his
loans to people, comes a funny old result of misdirected diligence. sect in Florida, called the Koreshans, book, New Continents Now Findable,
duck with whiskers, a necktie that If, as and when the vice-president making a test with some apparatus on
came into the Society’s possession
does not conceal the rare ancient gets rid of his caller, the clarion tones a beach. They proved, to their own through the kindness of his son. Mr.
brass collar button, and a portfolio. of the man’s exit speech ring with an satisfaction at least, that the earth is Phifer acknowledged his debt to sev­
Ten to one the vice-president is face insidious persistence in the banker’s concave instead of convex, that we eral ancient and discarded schools of
to face with the Secret of the Ages. ears. “ They laughed at Alexander Gra­ live on the inside of a shell. These thought for his conception of a cry­
Diagrams that look like six alarm ham Bell; they hooted at Columbus; findings are duly noted and preserved stal shell around us but he amplified
clocks in search of a repair man show they put Galileo in jail! Good day, in the files of the Society, but I do those old ideas greatly, making out a
clearly where Science is wrong and sir.” For days the vice-president can’t not think that is the record or those case for the theory that the con­
how it made its error. Mr. Zumpf forget that, because the words are the methods which the director of the tinents now known and used by
wishes to give his discovery to the very, very true. “ They” certainly did Bureau of Standards refers to. humans were once chunks of the Cry­
world but that takes money. laugh at Columbus and at Bell and at If I had the money, I would pub­ stalline, and that they were knocked
Has this material been seen by hundreds of others who are not lish a short manuscript by one M. out of the shell, to fall in their pres­
competent authority? laughed at today. Cline, Upper Harmony, New Jersey. ent locations, by meteoritic bombard­
At mention of “ competent author­ As Secretary of the Fortean So­ Mr. Cline is our cancer man, and very ment. The balance of the shell is still
ity,” the visitor starts to bounce. Who ciety, I have become a curator of vehement. He splashes black ink in up there.
is competent? What is authority? The cranks. I love them. The Society scrawls which I understand to mean Another phenomenon common to
incipient immortal demands to know. has become their sanctuary. All that cancer is an “ unbalanced” con­ cranks who may or may not be un­
He has sent this life-work of his to through the founding of the Society, dition rather than a “ disease” one, crowned immortals is a loving—or at
Harvard, to Smithsonian, to the No­ which Charles Fort himself would and— if I mistake not— that is the the very least a faithful— sponsor.
bel Prize committee and to the Great not even join, he kept warning me: purport of several recent disclosures Sister, wife, mother, son, friend or
White Father in the Weather Bureau “ Y ou’ll get yourself involved in by “ competent authority” likewise. devoted reader, there is always some­
at Washington. What did they say! such a correspondence that you won’t Mr. Cline’s complaint is exactly the one to maintain the faith and to car-
J u n e 16, 7938 89

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ry the torch a few years further into letters because I do not laugh at them
eternity.
In the case of Isaac N. Vail, it is
and I admit that I don’t know which
of them might be the next Columbus.
STUDY OF C O L L E G E CRI BBAGE
his daughter, Mrs. Holloway. The Authority gives but little, and gives
first edition of Waters Above the Fir­ that grudgingly. One notable crank,
mament or The Earth’s Annular Sys­ now honored but unrewarded, showed A n y d o p e c a n m e m o riz e L a t in
tem was published in pamphlet form me this letter, which he received from
in 1874, and only yesterday the au­ Washington.
c o n ju g a t io n s fo r a n e x a m ,
thor’s daughter wrote that she is edit­ w h e re a s it ta k e s a re a lly brilliant
ing a definite edition of Mr. Vail’s en­ Coast and Geodetic Survey,
tire canon, including a 600 page mss. Washington, D. C., student to figure out a n ew and
“ dealing with the h i s t o r i c a l and July 5, 1909.
mythological phase of the subject.”
Mr. B. J. S. Cahill,
fo olp ro of w a y to ch eat. Photog­
Indeed, when is a crank?— and how
do you get rid of him? Crucifixion
Alameda, California. ra p h y , p sy ch o lo g y , a n d sheer
did not work. Burning at the stake Sir:
was ineffective. Starving does not stop I must apologize for retaining so stockings are utilized b y the n e w ­
long your manuscript in regard to a
him-—nor does silence. In the face of
land map of the world. The oppor­
w a y c r ib b e r s . C le a n in g y o u r
hauteur and scorn and laughter, the
cranks continue to hack at their ig­ tunity to examine it carefully did not g lasses is one w a y to jog a f a il­
norance in their own- way— because occur until today.
ignorance annoys them, hurts them, Doubtless you have gained pleasure ing m e m o ry o r a b la n k m in d .
burns them deeper than the flames out of the original thinking you have
ordered for them and for their works done. Other than that I think the ef­ O n ly o n e p ro fe s s o r fo u n d the
by “ competent authority.” fort has been wasted. You have evi­
dently been handicapped by lack of
perfect system for foiling them a ll.
There is not space here to more
than mention Ignatius Donnelly, that full information as to the present
crank who thought the Deluge was status of the art of map projection
a legend o f Atlantis, and that once and possibly by a lack of familiarity BY JAMES F. SCHEER
a comet had worked havoc here ( Rag- with the mathematical principles in­
naro'k), and that Bacon was the volved.
author of Shakespeare’s plays— in­ As a result you have laboriously de­
cluding cryptogram. No space for vised a projection of less value than
Colonel James Churchward—who put others already in existence, and which
the lost continent of Mu on (some) is incapable of being developed so as
maps. None for Captain Symmes or to be valuable.
for Light-and-Color Babbitt. A few of I hope that you will not harbor any
these have taken on stature with the harsh feeling toward me for express­
years. ing so frankly an opinion which must
Then comes Major-General A. W. be discouraging to you. I do it in kind­
Draysorr, F. R. A. S., deceased. Dray- ness hoping to save you from losing
son taught astronomy at Woolwich for still more time in wrestling with the
fifteen years. One day a student asked problem.
him. a question he could not answer.
Yours sincerely,
(That is, the student was a crank.)
(signed) John F. Hayford.
Instead of laughing at the boy or call­
ing out the heretic-burners, the pro­
fessor started looking for the answer Mr. Cahill would do well to leave
— and became a crank himself. A that letter out of his portfolio if he
series of booklets state the problem takes his map to any vice-president in
Why the Ice Age? and the “ solution.” search of backing. It has such a tone
The idea is that the axis of Earth is and air of finality. It is exactly such a
not constantly pointing twenty-three letter as is written to all cranks by A l l y o u r i r r e g u l a r S p a n is h v e r b s on y o u r w r i s t w a t c h
and a half degrees from the perpen-. “ competent authority.” The effort of
dicular at its north end but that there the letter is to stifle and smother, to etw een sips of beer and" bites of they understand what a difficult and
is a movement not heretofore ex­
plained or even noted which tips the
-halt independent inquiry by making it
appear valueless— a “ waste of time.”
B the hamburger sandwich, the boys
“ bull-session” about the student who
tedious task it is to record a semes­
ter’s outline of physics, or any other
planet from twenty-three and a half B. J. S. Cahill was not the man to tinkered for a few days inventing the subject, on a tiny stroll. Because he
degrees to more than thirty-five de­ be stifled or smothered. H e sent his “ dummy watch” system of cheating practices the fine-brush technique, he
grees in a cycle of 31,756 years, there­ butterfly map abroad— to Scotland, rather than learn to conjugate his can squeeze far more information in a
by causing periodical glaciation. The Spanish verbs. limited space than can a penman or
England, France and elsewhere. Today
matter has had some consideration by' With a semester’s average slightly printer.
he is honored by many savants for
“ competent authority” in England. above failing, he knew he would have Most colleges and universities have
conceiving the projection. On August
Official Astronomy has dropped the to “ crib” if he wanted to pass; so he at least one proctor who is suspicious
22, 1937, only 28 years after the au­
man into the pit of oblivion with removed the intestines of his pocket that every exam-writer beneath the
Johannes von Gumpach who wrote thoritative dismissal, the map was re­
watch, installed a small spool and con­ sweep of his eye is trying to cheat.
the True Figure and Dimension o f the produced by Ripley in his “ Believe It
nected it with the stem. On the spool When a certain instructor became
Earth in 1862, and has not been heard or Not” cartoon, so you see Mr. Ca­ particularly objectionable in this re­
he wound a tiny scroll bearing all the
of since. hill is really coming on! But the but­ “ tough” verb) c o n ju g a tio n s from spect, a brilliant student in the class
It was Herr von Gumpach’s con­ terfly projection has not supplanted (tprender down through the alphabet. decided to cure him once and for all.
tention that the diameter of the earth the monstrosity created by Mercator Seated in the back of the room, he An important six weeks test came
was 1/99 part longer around the poles in atlases and school texts, although consulted his watch often, turning the on the first day of April. Pencil in
than around the e q u a to r . But, of every navigator, surveyor or teacher stepi and copying the necessary infor­ hand, the student kept looking at a
course, the true figure o f the earth of geography will warn you that Mer­ mation. On the basis of his excellent watch held in the other. Eager to
was as well known by “ methods of cator’s projection does not present a exam paper his semester grade was catch someone “ cribbing,” the in­
unquestionable scientific standing” in correct picture of the earth’s surface raised to a “ B.” structor bounded down the aisle and
1862 as it is in 1938, exactly as well within thousands of miles! Mr. Ca­ Now the “ dummy watch” method pulled the watch from the fellow’s
known and no better. hill’s map is accurate to within a few has gone professional. A student at a hand. His face reddened like a ripe
Cranks!— all cranks. They range in feet or even inches— if, of course, large eastern university manufactures tomato when he saw the words writ­
age from 18 to 8,000 years. They send Earth is an oblate spheroid, and there wrist watch models for $35 apiece. ten on the crystal: “ April Fool.”
me their books and they write me long seems to be no official doubt of that. • Clients are glad to pay the price, for Even that didn’t end it. Within a
June 16. 1938 91

few minutes the student was again Glasses not only help a student’s
glancing slyly at the timepiece. Think­ vision, but the case in which they
ing the prankster had played the trick come can aid his memory. After
as a part of “ cribbing” strategy, the studying the question sheet, he re­
proctor hurried back to investigate. moves the small cloth from the case
W ritte n on the c r y s ta l w a s : and cleans his glasses while referring
“ Fooled Again.” to the crib-sheet within.
No matter how sound a “ cribbing” Not long ago a psychology student
system may be in theory, it sometimes evened the score with an instructor
slips up in practice, as a lazy student who had accused him of cheating con­
of physical geography found. Certain sistently throughout the semester.
that knowledge of rainfall statistics Shortly after the blue-books for the
in the various climate zones from final test had been passed out, the
tropical to polar would be necessary, suspected student eased a scrap of
he prepared accordingly. On the night paper from the pocket of his suit coat
before the final exam, he shaved clean and glanced stealthily at it.
a rectangle of skin on the calf of his The instructor saw him and started
leg and spent two hours inking in the forward. “ Give me that paper!” he
complete data. demanded. The student handed him
Next day in the exam room, the the slip: “ Is it true you were secretly
“ cribber” chose a seat against the married on December 4th?”
back wall. Two of his classmates, in A “ cribber” at a large mid-western It 's e a s i e r to b e r i g h t than b r i g h t i f y o u f o l l o w th e l e a d e r w h o se
l e f t f o o t up means " f a l s e " on " t r u e - o r - f a l s e " q u e stio n s in exa m s
the know, acted as shields by sitting university perfected what he calls the
at his left and right. No one would be “ lavatory system.” Before entering
able to see him pull up his trouser leg the exam room, he thumb-tacked an
and copy. outline o f his American H is to r y
When the m im e o g ra p h e d exam course on the inside of a lavatory
sheets were passed out, his confidence booth in the building. He posted a
disappeared. Both shielders turned to­ friend at the door to guard against its
ward him, grinning. The rainfall ques­ possible occupancy.
tions had b een o m itte d fr o m the Then he went to write his test.
examination. Scribbling down the answers to all the
Since ink is too hard to wash off, questions he knew, he suddenly waved
bare leg system has been revised. A a hand in the air, holding his stom­
small sheet of paper, slipped around ach with the other.
the calf and held in place by two The proctor accompanied his stu­
rubber bands, contains the contraband dent to the lavatory. Remaining in
information. the booth long enough to find the an­
The girls, too, use their legs to get swers he wanted, the student went
around difficult examinations. A co-ed back with enough knowledge to finish
who had difficulty memorizing poetry his paper satisfactorily.
wrote excerpts from Chaucer’s Can­ One way for a poor student to pass
terbury Tales on a sheet of paper and a test is not to take it at all.
slid it across her thigh under one of Rather than fail the course, a sub­
her sheer stockings. She had parts stitute is hired. Rates are usually $5
of P a ra d ise L o s t under the other. and up. Of course, the trick can work
Seated in an obscure corner, she only in large examination rooms in
pulled her dress above the “ crib” which five or six quiz section groups
notes and wrote perfect answers to have gathered to take their exams.
the memory questions. The proctors collect the papers at the
“ True and false” or “ yes and no” door. The professional exam-taker is The lo n e w o l f w ith his own p r o b l e m s finds a c a l f as h a n dy as a
tests offer opportunities for mass careful to hand the completed paper p o n y when t a b l e s o f fig u re s a r e n e e d e d in a to ugh p h y s i c s quiz
cheating. to someone other than his employer’s
Sometimes a whole row of students instructor.
can make perfect scores on their But the dangers do not end with
“ true and false” questions by pre­ turning in the paper. A student who
arranged signals with a brilliant class­ took his best friend’s mechanics exam
mate who is willing to co-operate. It will testify to that. During the heat of
is a simple system. The brains-of-the- answering questions, he phrased his
scheme raises his right foot for “ true” ideas too well, made too few mis­
and his left for “ false.” There are a takes, and failed, in spots, to imitate
few variations. A pencil tilted to the his friend’s penmanship. The corrector
right means “ yes” and tilted to the of the tests read the paper and was
left, “ no.” Nods of the head, too, can suspicious. It couldn’t have been the
indicate the same thing. work of the person whose name was
A co-ed who dislikes having to re­ attached to it. He compared the hand­
member anything but week-end dates writing and exposed the trick.
writes famous years in history on the R a t h e r than pace the aisles to
crystal of her man-sized wristwatch keep his students from “ cribbing” on
with grapefruit juice. the exam, a cagey professor at a west
To e lim in a te the hand-cramping coast university solved the old prob­
work of writing tiny words and figures lem in a new way.
on small sheets of paper to be held in After passing out the test questions,
his palm during the exam, a chemistry he walked out of the room. Asked
student worked out his campaign in a why he was loafing in the halls, he
more modern manner. answered:
He wrote the most difficult for­ “ I ’m giving a final examination.”
mulae on a blackboard and photo­ “ Aren’t you afraid the students will
graphed them all on one exposure. He exchange answers?”
then had the picture reduced in size “ No. I turned in their grades yes­ S h a k e s p e a r e u n d e r silk s o lv e s p le n t y o f l i t e r a r y p o s e r s f o r co - ed s
to fit the palm of his hand. terday,” he laughed. • a n d h e lp s f e l lo w - s t u d e n t s r e la x in th e m id s t o f a g ru elin g exam
92

and editor who printed anything as “ a Greenlee was the state patronage dis­
BUMBLI NG HOOSI ER SENATOR fact” which is known to be false.
No one will deny that there is a
penser. Every state job including
those under the then Civil Works Ad­
sound basis for charging that most of ministration was at his disposal; and
the American newspapers are unfair in in addition there was the Hoosier
their attitude toward the present ad­ Democratic Club which he had helped
ministration. but even the lo u d e st to create and to which every state
apologists for the New Deal would employe either contributed two per
hesitate at so drastic a step. Yet Min­ cent of his monthly wage “ or else— .”
ton rushed in where anyone else would Through this patronage power it
dread to tiptoe. was inevitable that Minton would be
Thus there have been turned upon nominated in a convention in which
him not only the guns of the conserva­ most of the delegates either are di­
tives, but also of the liberals who up rectly or indirectly susceptible to pay­
to now have suffered him in silence roll pressure.
only because of his unswerving loyalty Yet it took four ballots to put Min­
to the administration program. ton over in spite of the fact that noth­
To make the incident even more ing was left undone in his behalf. The
puerile, he issued a statement four State Public Service Commission even
days later that he had “ no intention held up an announcement of a reduc­
at all” of seeking consideration of the tion in utility rates until the day be­
measure. He apparently was just play­ fore the balloting in order to swing
H e t o l d his f r ie n d s he t a l k e d to o much and then p ro v e d i t ing “ boogie man” to scare the opposi­ consumer opinion to him.
tion publishers. Minton defeated the unpopular Re-
All this is indicative of the emo­ publican-Klan Senator, Arthur Robin­
Sherm an M inton, N o. 1 in the tional instability -which moves him to son, by a bare majority of 50,000
instant and unthinking wrath at any votes. It is a “ bare majority” com­
S e n a t e ’ s g a l a x y o f v o c a b le criticism, personal or political. pared with the smashing 208,000 vote
But he is easiest roused to anger by defeat administered Senate Leader
bum blers, ca n ’t resist sounding an attack upon the administration James E. Watson only two years be­
which he patiently supplicates for the fore by Frederick Yan Nuys.
off. So w h en he sounded off on judicial appointment upon which is Minton maintained the obligatory
pinned all of his hopes. It is Minton
p ro p ag an d a in the n ew s, o rg a n ­ who first bleeds when an arrow is shot
silence for only a few months preced­
ing the heckling of Huey Long— but
iz e d n e w s p a p e r p u b l i s h e r s at the New Deal. It is he who suffers from then on he went oratorically ber­
most when some slighting reference is serk.
r o a r e d w it h p u b lic r a g e a n d made to its policies. The loudness of his advocacy of the
Those acquainted with his back­ Rooseveltian program won him the fa­
ro c k e d w ith p riv a te g le e , an d ground and his thinking know that this vorable attention of Hugo Lafayette
is not the result of any deep-seated Black, at that time the Senate’s offi­
friends of the N ew D eal shuffled convictions regarding the liberal ideal, cial flagellator of malefactors of great
in p a in e d s ile n c e . Such in ju d i­ but because he is in the parlance of wealth and loud-voiced advocate of
the prize ring “ an easy bleeder.” liberalism— except when it applied to
cious la ck of poise has p ro b ab ly A small town lawyer whose duty in anti-lynching legislation.
the Senate is to smooth the way for Thus it was but natural that when
killed the voluble H oosier’s great the nomination of High Commissioner Black introduced his resolution ask­
Paul McNutt for the presidency in ing for the appointment of a commit­
dream — to be a Federal judge. 1940, Minton also suffers from the in­ tee to investigate lobbying, that he
satiable urge of e v e r y o th e r small obtained the designation of Minton
town lawyer to some day grace the
BY MICHAEL FROST Federal Bench.
and Schwellenbach, of Washington
State, to the group.
The Hoosier is the amazement of Minton saw in it a publicity-rich
his colleagues— as well as their annoy­ opportunity to break a lance against
ne noon sev e ra l w eeks ago a a common C o n g re ssio n a l ailment ance. No matter how badly he is ver­
O small group including Sherman
Minton, tall, dark, junior Senator from
which claims as its own approximately
98% of the members, but in Minton's
bally cuffed by Wheeler, Borah, Con-
the enemies of the New Deal and
thus further his own ambitions.
nally, Bailey or even the phlegmatic, There is no one who will deny that
Indiana was gathered around a table case it is much more virulent and as tedious Ed Burke, Minton inevitably the committee's success in unveiling
in the Senate dining room. a result his vocal cords lead him into bobs up for another round. In some the methods used in flooding the Sen­
The conversation turned to Senate scrapes in which his brain refuses to respects he is as tireless as the late ate with telegrams against the utility
personalities and the name of one follow. Huey Long.
Because of this emotional inability holding company bill was an excellent
member, distinguished principally for Politically, Minton was a nonen­
to refrain from “ sounding off” he has piece of public service and Minton
the fact that he rarely makes a speech, tity in Indiana until late in 1933 when
become a “ newspaper hater” and thus capitalized upon this to the fullest ex­
bobbed up. because of his American Legion asso­
the target of one of the most bitter tent in order to win a reputation as a
“ Perhaps he’s smart in keeping his ciation with Governor McNutt and
editorial barrages in many years. devoted liberal.
mouth shut,” observed Minton. Then the others of the inner circle, he was
In the past few weeks editors have His opportunity to take the center
wryly added: “ I sometimes th in k I appointed to the newly created posi­
characterized his mind as “ an arid of the stage came when the Hearst
talk too much and would be far better tion of Public Counselor for the State
wasteland,” and have accused him of newspapers attacked the committee’s
off if I didn’t sound off so frequently.” Public Service Commission.
“ malodorous stupidities” and similar action in seizing the records of the
The others in the group nodded sol­ Although the McNutt group had
emn agreement, but 30 minutes later sins. telegraph companies which brought to
named him to the state job, they light the ruthless control exercised
M in ton was en gaged in a verbal But back of all this is a compelling thumbed him down as a Senate possi­
brawl. And to make the incident more motive— a frantic and so far appar­ over the editorial policies of his news­
bility because they felt that “ Shay was papers by the Satrap of St. Simeon;
ludicrous it was a vocal battle with ently ineffectual attempt to assure for
too light” to successfully build the and Minton voluntarily became the
Rush Holt in which Minton need never himself a place on the Federal Bench
Governor into a national figure. official defender of the probers’ prac­
to have participated, because the West through captivating the administra­
tion by lashing out at its critics. But while these would-be king mak­ tices. It also seemed a heaven-sent
Virginian was leveling his guns at Joe
Guffey’s domination of the incompe­ So with that awkwardness which has ers were toying with other and “heav­ opportunity to haul over the coals one
tent Bituminous Coal Commission. won for him the unenviable title of ier” possibilities, Pleas Greenlee, Sec­ of the New Deal’s most obstreperous
Psychologists probably have a med­ “ Administration Blunderbuss” he re­ retary to the Governor, who was fond critics.
ical term for this disease in which the cently capped all of his previous in­ of Minton, went to work laying the But Shay never leaves anything un­
victim suffers from an acute form of eptitudes by introducing a bill which groundwork for his nomination. done. He replied not only once, but
intoxication with his own voice. It is would fine and imprison any publisher It was a comparatively easy task. four times to the fulminations in the
Ju n e 16, 1938 93

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94

Hearst Press. In one of these perora­ was obeying the White House dictum
tions he stated that “ Hearst has a pe­ of gracefully acquiescing to the bitter
culiar code of ethics. He runs his inevitable.
newspapers on the same high plane After all, Federal judgeships are the
upon which he runs his private life.” gift of the President and you don’t get
No one in the Senate saw fit to chal­ to wear the robe if you refuse to obey
lenge this statement except Senator its source.
Copeland, and the Doctor’s umbrage For a time it appeared as if Min­
is readily understood when it is re­ ton’s unquestioning fidelity and tire­
membered that his syndicated health less oratory would be rewarded with
column is distributed by the Hearst the honor fo r which he so avidly
organization. longed.
In fact no one in the Senate cares To his bitter disappointm ent the
who attacks Hearst because there first v a c a n c y on the b e n ch was
never has existed any perceptible awarded to Black; and although he re­
amount of respect or fear for him or ceived prominent mention when Jus­
his journals and Minton was secretly tice Sutherland resigned, he had to
cheered on. stand silently by and see the place be­
But these are only sidelights on the stowed upon Stanley Reed.
career of an embryonic jurist. Min­ After the Black incident the Presi­
ton soon was called upon to sacrifice dent couldn’t take the risk of offering
his vocal cords in a greater cause. a nominee tinged with the same dema­
With the boundless enthusiasm of har­ gogic brush.
assing ambition and with his eyes fixed Resigned to the thought that he
intently upon the Federal Bench, he wasn’t destined for the highest Court,
seized upon the presentation of the Minton hoped that he would be se­
President’s proposal to increase the lected for the next in importance, the
Supreme Court as the eagerly awaited Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals.
opportunity. But the cream of the jest came when
“ After all,” as he pointed out to a W alter T reanor, whom he had en­
friend, “ didn’t I advocate unpacking dorsed perfunctorily for the Supreme
the Supreme Court with my speech in Court as a mere political gesture was
January of 1936 in which I attacked named to this vacancy.
the Court’s decision declaring the Ag­ It was a bitter pill to swallow, but
he smiled grimly and hoped that the
ricultural Adjustment Act unconsti­
tutional?” next would be his.
There are several factors which
This was his cause. His battle. Min­
militate against Minton’s selection.
ton plunged right into the middle of
Among these are his subservience to
it. The Senate and the air waves re­
the McNutt machine which is viewed
sounded with his defense of the bill.
with disfavor by those near the throne.
He tirelessly sought to hold intact
No king likes to see a possible heir
the steadily dwindling administration
pushing himself too rapidly to the fore.
forces, importantly buttonholing Sen­
In addition the sincere liberals still
ators and whispering admonitions in
view Minton with suspicion. They
their unwilling ears.
cannot help but recall his thick silence
Even to the last he was confident of
when McNutt earned the title of the
victory and one of the stories told at
“ Hoosier Hitler” by sending troops
that time was that when it seemed
into Terre Haute and Sullivan County
that everyone knew the battle lost, a
to quell the strikers and then main­
White House aide called upon him to
tained unnecessary martial law there
compare notes regarding the disaffec­
for months after the disturbances had
tion in the ranks.
been quieted.
“ It’s all over,” conceded the aide
Minton, however, appears entirely
sadly.
oblivious to liberal criticism of the
“ Who told you that?” snarled Min­
Terre Haute affair, just as he affects to
ton in his best Staff Captain manner.
laugh off the sending of a letter to the
“ Why, Bob LaFollette. I ’ve just
R evolu tion ary General Arthur St.
left his office.”
Clair, who has been dead for more than
“ And who in the hell ever said that
118 years.
LaFollette knew what the Democrats
It was a ludicrous error and merely
are going to do?” demanded Minton.
displayed an ignorance of history, but
But apparently LaFollette knew. it rankled so deeply that the newspa­
For just 13 days after Minton had per man who first printed the General
engaged in a running fire of debate St. Clair piece received a profan e
in his defense of the bill, his own tongue-lashing from Minton.
voice was lifted to vote “ aye” upon
M inton got on the catching end
sending it back to the committee to
again, when in accordance to orders
meet its irrevocable death. from the McNutt leadership, he be­
A gasp of astonishment went up came the official host for the gargan­
from the floor and a burst of laughter tuan “ coming out” party for the Com­
from the galleries when this bitterest missioner upon his recent visit to the
of the bitter-enders voted to kill the Capitol.
bill while his close friends, Schwellen- Approximately $4,000 was spent for
bach and Guffey, at least were con­ the refreshments, both solid and liq­
sistent and voted against recommit­ uid, and the party hit a new high in
tal. W ashington history as a feast for
Minton, however, shrugged off the strangers. Although invitations had
criticism of this outstanding bit of in­ been sent to all prom inent officials,
consistency. He was following Bark­ they were noticeable by their absence;
ley, the Senate leader, and Barkley and a horde of hungry and thirsty gov-
Keeper of the Bees
Ju ne 16, 1938 95

ernment clerks with little if any polit­ The report then goes on by implica­
ical prestige were the beneficiaries of
this prodigal hospitality, hovering over
tion to point out how easy it would be
to use the radio in this country as a
IT HAPPENED EVERY 20 YEARS
the bountifully spread buffets and clus­ means of setting up a dictatorship.
tering around the bar like a host of This, charged Minton, was a direct
seven-year locusts. effort to “ deny the President the right
The affair, which was intended to to sit down in front of the microphone
launch McNutt upon the path to the in his own home and speak to the peo­
Presidency, was received with gri­ ple.” And after enumerating what he
maces of distaste by the administra­ declared to be propaganda in the news­
tion leaders, who have little love for papers, introduced a bill providing a
the tall, handsome Hoosier, and with maximum $10,000 fine and up to two
great hilarity by the press. years imprisonment for any publisher
What grieved Minton most of all or his agent for printing as a fact any­
was the absence of Justice Black, thing known to be false.
whose appointment he had defended Secretly many of the members of
upon the floor of the Senate and whose the Senate and the press gallery were
presence he had anticipated. sympathetic with Minton’s accusations
It now became evident to him that against biased newspaper articles but
something must be done immediately this sympathy turned to dismayed dis­
to retrieve his fortunes and he cast gust when he introduced the bill.
frantically about for a vehicle. Even those few newspapermen who
He had one ready at hand in the had played along with Minton because
of his staunch advocacy of administra­
Lobby Committee, to the Chairman­
tion proposals, were forthright in their
ship of which he succeeded Black;
condemnation and the Hoosier speed­
and when the Senate was inundated
ily learned that what had been hurled
with the thousands of telegrams pro­
as a javelin was now a boomerang.
testing the passage of the innocuous
To his additional chagrin the Nazi
reorganization bill, Minton borrowed
papers approved of the bill; and so
a leaf from his predecessor and or­
when a newspaperman suggested “ Per­
dered an investigation.
haps you would approve of censor­ D e a th m a sk o f W il lia m M c K i n l e y , th e f a t e d P r e s i d e n t
Without checking facts or collecting
sh ip ?” M inton countered with an
data, he ordered Dr. Edward A. Rum-
irate: “ Why not?” and then speedily
elv, head of Frank Gannett’s ubiqui­ Every President elected in the 2 0 -
asked that the remark be stricken.
tous and obnoxious Committee to Up­
Again it became necessary for him
hold the Constitution to appear before
to find an emotional outlet so he sum­ y e a r periods follow ing 1840 has
the probers and surrender all of his
moned together the Lobby Committee
records and documents.
and hailed before it Maurice V. Rey­
died in office. H arriso n, elected
Rumely appeared but refused to
yield any of the records of the organi­
nolds, publisher of Rural Progress, a in 1840, died a month after in­
magazine which has as its editor Dr.
zation which paid him $1200 a month
to direct its activities.
Glenn Frank, acting mahout of the a u g u r a t io n ; A b ra h a m L in c o ln ,
Republican elephant.
Upon advice of Elisha Hanson, at­ Reynolds was questioned caustically elected in 1860, w a s shot; G a r ­
torney for the American Association about what Minton termed the mag­
of Newspaper Publishers, whose prac­ azine’ s anti-administration propa­ field, elected in 1880, w a s shot;
tice it is to shout “ denial of a free ganda, but when Frank, as its editor,
press,” like that of the little boy who asked permission to make a statement
M c K in le y , e le cte d in 1 9 0 0 , w a s
constantly cried “ wolf,” Rumely de­
fied the probers and thus Minton was
regarding the magazine’s policies, the shot; H ard in g , elected in 1920,
Hoosier curtly and discourteously de­
denied the sensational details which nied him the privilege. d ie d in o ffic e . W h a t d o e s F a te
he had anticipated would bolster his It was a prize boner. Frank merely
glimmering hopes. walked into the corridor and told his hold for the man elected in 1940?
Sour with disappointment, he se­ story to the newspapermen the way
cretly appealed to the Department of he wanted it to get out— without the
Justice for aid in compelling Rumely questioning or quizzing which would BY FRANCIS H. JOHNSTON
and Gannett to produce their records, have been his lot if permitted to take
but was told politely that there were the stand. As a result he got the head­
no grounds upon which the Depart­ he 20-year presidential death after his inauguration in 1881 he fell
ment could proceed.
The resultant cavalier behavior of
lines and Minton and the Committee
the criticism. T cycle is due again in 1940. If
the fates continue their century-old
victim to an assassin’s bullet.
William McKinley was re-elected
Minton resorted to the radio to lash
Minton and Schwellenbach brought a habits, the next President will die in to the Presidency in 1900, and the
back at Frank, using as the lever to
barrage of newspaper criticism, and obtain the desired time, his potent office. following year he was assassinated.
Minton, again the “ easy bleeder” still How can this cyclical threat of Twenty years a ft e r M c K in le y ,
membership on the Interstate Com­
smarting from the ridicule attending death be explained? Perhaps devotees Warren G. Harding was elected in
merce Committee of the Senate which
the “ bankruptcy” plea, the letter to of occultism have ready answers. But 1920. In 1923 he died.
has control of all legislation affecting
General St. Clair, the McNutt party cold recorded facts can not be de­ Each of these five men were vic­
this medium.
and similar incidents became a “ News­ nied. Some may lay this strange and tors in a Presidential election just
His bumbling advocacy of the rail­
paper hater.” fatal rhythm to accident. Whatever 20 years apart. Each one died while
road lobbyists’ long-and-short haul bill it is, it is real. In the past 100 years still in office. Will that 20-year death
He determined to wreak his revenge
upon the entire press and seized upon is palpably a desperate effort to atone a President has died in office once cycle affect our next President? Will
the annual diatribe against radio for his past futilities and is part of the every 20 years. he, like the other five, die in office?
adopted by the American Newspaper program he has charted out in his ef­ It started away back in 1840, with W’hether that m y ste rio u s some­
Publishers Association. fort to again project himself into the the election of William H. Harrison thing has now run its course or will
In this report the Publishers’ Com­ running for a judicial appointment. to the Presidency. Harrison died of continue to strike down its Presiden­
mittee urged that the “ present system Whether this will prove successful pneumonia a month after his inaug­ tial victims no one knows.
of Federal licensing for a six-month or will be booted through his emo­ uration in 1841. Not until the man who is elected
period should be studied. . . . There tional inability to control his oratori­ Abraham Lincoln was next. Elected President of the United States in
is always the p ossibility that the cal intoxication remains to be seen. to his first term in 1860, he was as­ 1940 has served his term and returned
short-term license makes the broad­ But at the present time he stalks the sassinated in 186S. to private life, will we know whether
caster unduly sensitive, if not subser­ Senate— another Cassius “ wearing a In 1880, James A. Garfield was the 20-year Presidential death cycle
vient, to the administration in power.” lean and hungry look.” • elected to head the nation. Shortly has been broken. •
96

S P I E S BY I N V I T A T I O N O N L Y

Th e g o ld b r a i d d e le g a t i o n s h a v e ru in e d th e r a c k e t f o r th e M a t a H a r i s

Elaborate etiquette rules official

sp y e x ch a n g e . M ilitary attaches
e xp e rtly observe w a r m aneuvers
a n d a c tu a l w a r s b y in v it a t io n .
A rm y and N a v y "lan g u ag e stu­
dents” p ass through customs un­
s e a r c h e d , c a n s e n d co d e m e s ­
sa g e s, are immune to arrest. E x ­
ce p t w h e n th e y t a k e th a t little
e x t r a p e e k in to th e h o s t ’s o n e
forbidden h a n g a r.

BY CREIGHTON PEET

r tens of thousands of spies casionally with military or naval ob­

O and secret
th e
agents now over-run­ servers who are invited to sit in on
ning a tormented world, the most use­ some special maneuver, a test of new
ful are a handful who wear neither apparatus, or even a war. Mussolini,
crepe beards nor wigs nor quaint dis­ for example, invited us to send two
guises. Their passports and letters of observers to the Ethiopian conquest.
introduction are flawlessly authentic. We did, one from the Army and an­
They never lurk behind potted palms other from the Navy. These officers
nor swim rivers clutching packets of were in addition to those regularly at­
secret orders in their teeth. They have tached to the embassy in Rome. As a
no exotic lady members offering the matter of custom we invite officers
conventional beautiful white body in from a score of countries, including
return for the floor-plans of a new Japan, to watch the war games which
submarine. go on all over the United States every
Members of this select group, all summer.
of them gentlemen, move in the best The governments sending these at­
society, drink the best w'ines and are taches and observers hope they will
invited to all the most important mili­ find out as much as possible about the
tary and naval maneuvers, as guests military and economic resources of
of the government upon which they the country in which they are placed.
are spying. Everybody knows they At the same time each government
are looking for confidential informa­ hopes that the foreign attaches visit­
tion because they have “ spy” written ing within its own boundaries will see
all over them, occasionally even in as little as possible.
beautiful gold braid, epaulettes and For attaches and their aides (known
brass buttons. Technically these keen­ as “ language students” ) are always
eyed gentlemen are known as military “ exchanged.” Observers sent to spe­
or naval attaches. Usually they are cial events are invited with a silent
high-ranking officers. They are sta­ understanding that a similar courtesy
tioned in the major embassies all over will be returned in the future.
the world. They are supplemented oc­ American attaches nearly always
Ju ne 16, 1938 97

have large personal fortunes, for their ence of Dr. Constantin Dumba, then
regular Army or Navy salaries (which Austro-Hungarian ambassador. He
they continue to receive while serving admitted he had suggested to his gov­
abroad) are not sufficient to enable ernment plans to start strikes in
them to entertain as they must. An American munitions plants. And there
attache in one of the larger capitals were Captains Karl Boy-Ed and Franz
should have a personal income of Von Papen, German naval and mili­
about $10,000 a year to hold up his tary attaches respectively, who were
end. Some military attaches have ac­ implicated by both Dr. Dumba’s in­
cess to a “ secret fund,” no accounting tercepted correspondence and their
of which is ever asked for, with which own letters and telegrams. They were
they may buy information which can­ also involved in passport frauds, and
not be got at first hand. It is vigorous­ charged with attempting to cause a
ly denied that the United States has break between England and the U. S.
ever had any such fund. Great Britain When Washington had the facts the
is supposed to have one of the largest. German Imperial Government was in­
Her regular appropriation for the se­ formed that these attaches “ were no
cret service— all branches— is about longer acceptable to this Govern­
one million dollars a year, but when ment.” Boy-Ed and Von Papen re­
sums from “ special accounts” are add­ turned to Germany, and to a promo­
ed in, the total is believed to be nearer tion in rank for their fine work.
IS million dollars. This includes the Other official representatives who
regular, standard espionage and coun­ have a good chance to examine a
ter-espionage activities. A good por­ country’s military methods are the
tion of the French fund is said to go foreign students found in almost all
to the support of Paris newspapers. military academies. Here in the
The Japanese people, probably the United States there are nearly always
most spy-conscious on earth, are re­ one or more student officers from
ported to have spent four million dol­ South America, China, Japan, Greece,
lars on their secret service in 1934-5. etc., etc., in each of such institutions
Unquestionably a good p o r tio n of as West Point, Annapolis, The Com­
these vast slush funds is handed out mand and General Staff School at Fort
as bribes, or used for the outright pur­ Leavenworth, and the War College in
chase of confidential inform ation. Washington. And for nearly 30 years
Lesser government employees around a delegation of American cavalry o f­
the world are always poorly paid, and ficers studied every year in Saumur,
somewhere there is invariably one who France’s great equestrian school. At
will listen to reason. Czarist Russia, the close of the War there were 600
where nothing but bribery was under­ foreign officers studying in French
stood, spent on its secret service the military schools and regiments.
appalling sum of two million dollars In company with all the other
per month for the first seven months great powers the United States has in­
of 1914. On the other hand one of creased its diplomatic staff enormous­
Germany’s most important spies in ly since the War. At the present time
London at the outbreak of the War the U. S. Army List & Directory
was a barber who received five dollars shows we have some 64 attaches serv­
a month for acting as “ letter box” (in­ ing all over the world.
formation collector) for the Father­ Belgium is a sort of international
land’s intelligence service. sp y headquarters, even supporting,
As members of the ambassador’s some say, regular spy schools. Nat­
diplomatic household, military, naval, urally this is also a good spot for mili­
and even commercial attaches usually tary attaches and observers. There is
enjoy the privileges and immunities probably no better spot from which
he does. These include “ inviolability to watch a collision than the middle
of prison,” “ immunity of domicile”— of the track.
which extends to the hotel rooms or Of U. S. Navy and Marine Corps
lodgings occupied by attaches, and attaches, numbering about 49, many
“ freedom of correspondence” which, are studying in foreign schools.
by convention, extends to telegraphic Attaches are also sent to small
communication in cypher. Members South American or Central European
o f a diplomatic corps are naturally countries first, to flatter them, second
exempt from local jurisdiction, civil to keep an eye on their diplomatic
or criminal. sympathies and their raw materials.
They may send by envoys, or take As the attache visits offices, en­
with them when they travel sealed campments, airfields and navy yards
pouches containing any matter they he must keep a weather eye out for
choose. Historical developments have new planes or tanks shrouded under
shown that these pouches and the per­ tarpaulins, or reports left carelessly
sonal luggage of diplomatic staffs (also on desks. He must be charming and
exempt from any sort of customs in­ gracious to the general’s wife, canny
spection) have often contained writ­ with his pretty daughter, and appear
ten reports, photographs, and even indifferent when the officer conduct­
samples of a new war material devel­ ing the foreign visitors to the man­
oped in the country they were visiting. euvers says that unfortunately this
In theory these diplomatic pouches is as far as they may proceed. Of
are inviolable, but when the secret course there is always one hangar
service smells a rat— or when diplo­ which is not opened, one gun which
matic relations are “ strained,” the in­ is not taken apart for inspection and
ternational Emily Post rules are off. one drawerful of detail which is kept
In September of 1915 U. S. agents locked. The visitor can only smile
ransacked the diplomatic correspond­ pleasantly and say that of course, of

Covered Wagon— 7938 Model

98

course he understands. He does, but they rust apart. More recently the
if the slightest opportunity offers he League of Nations Armament Year
unquestionably— but entirely unoffi­ Book has started competing with
cially— inspects everything he can. He Janes’, and is considered more au­
understands the significance of details thoritative by some. Similar volumes
which mean nothing to the civilian. are published in many other countries.
The size, weight, shape or composition But war nowadays is not simply a
of any piece of equipment is reveal­ matter of guns. Infinitely more im­
ing. In this respect he is infinitely portant are raw materials, the experi­
more valuable than a regiment of ments in progress in chemical labora­
civilian spies posing as old market tories, and the productivity of a coun­
women, newsboys or beggars. More­ try’s factories. Fifteen or 20 subscrip­
over he does not have to worm his tions to the world’s leading commer­
way into high places as a waiter, a cial and technical publications will
telephone repair man or a school keep any general staff informed on
teacher. He walks right in by the background material. The number, lo­
front door. cation and productivity of all mines,
forests, oil wells and factories may be
e s p it e th e sin ister m a ch in a tio n s noted by any tourist or commercial
D o f s p y “ rin g s” r e p o r te d in the
n ew sp a p ers, th ere are a c tu a lly v e r y
traveler.
There are some four other agencies
fe w p e a c e tim e m ilit a r y se cre ts these on which an army relies for military
d ay s. intelligence. There are the military
What with munition makers selling and naval attaches and observers in­
identical machines to any country dicated. Then there are army and
with cash or credits, and the vast ex­ navy reserve officers traveling about
tension of printed and pictorial news, the world, sometimes on specific mis­
there is very little a general staff can sions, sometimes just going about
not find out just by keeping its eyes with their eyes open. They are in civ­
open. What remains hidden is event­ ilian dress and carry no credentials
ually unearthed by specialists, the at­ other than their passports. They do,
taches— not William Powell or Greta however, turn in written reports on
Garbo. matters they consider important.
Some items made in government Next come free-lance spies and
plants may retain exclusive features sabotage agents, frequently but a
for a period, but not long after they grade or two above the criminal type.
have been thoroughly publicized in Many of the sabotage agents who will
the rotogravures and flown halfway be useful in the next war are at this
round the world on good-will flights. moment in the world’s jails. They sell
But the fact that there are few their secrets to the highest bidder—
military secrets these days does not often selling them twice. At times
mean that the beautiful legend of se­ when business is dull they are not at
crecy has disappeared. The common all above forging imaginary “ secrets.”
citizen is still clapped in the cooler Governments deal with them at their
if he is found taking pictures of for­ peril.
bidden shorelines, planes, or navy Finally there are the wartime spies
yards. The newspapers gloat over the celebrated by Hollywood and Alfred
“ secrecy” surrounding war games, Hitchcock, who are sent after specific
which they proceed to describe in de­ information about troop movements,
tail for a column or more. This is new inventions, and the enemy’s
followed up the next day by another morale. These are usually civilians re­
story usually beginning, “ High Naval siding or traveling in the occupied ter­
officials further lifted the veil of se­ ritory, or behind the lines. They in­
crecy today . . By the end of the clude a certain percentage of patriots,
week the high dignitary in question but the majority are usually adven­
appears more in the role of a Gypsy turers. The pay is usually extremely
Rose Lee, divesting himself a fact at poor, so that many end up by taking
a time of all secrecy. Yet even the money from both sides. As for the
last headline will read, “ Secret war exotic femme fatale of fiction, she is
games end.” Traditions die hard in just that— fiction.
newspaper offices. Very often spies working for one
The actual major sources of mili­ country are nationals of still a third,
tary intelligence a re : F irst o f all just to relieve suspicion.
newspapers and newsreels, magazines Of all these agencies, the most ef­
and books. Oldest and best estab­ fective remain the attaches. Provided
lished of the la tte r is Janes’ Fight­ they mind their manners, they are sel­
ing Ships, a 500-page volume which dom in difficulties, and there have
has been issued annually in London been very few instances when neither
for the past 38 years. After thumbing diplomatic immunity nor international
through 45 pages of death-dealing ad­ good manners could prevent acts of
vertising the reader finds photographs, violence.
drawings, statistical tables, and black Every few months documents dis­
“ recognition silhouettes” of every appear, plans are copied, and formu­
type of vessel but those still in con­ lae are passed from hand to hand in
struction. These are described but all the great capitals of the world—
briefly. Also included are biographies while rarely, very rarely do any of these
of some of the more ancient craft the events ripple the white starched sur­
great powers have palmed off on their face of international diplomacy. Gen­
smaller brothers in Southern Europe tlemen and officers all, they leave the
and America. Some boats change na­ dirtier, bloodier details, like fighting
tionality two or three times before wars, to simple folk like you and me. •

C e n tu ry of P rogress
J u n e 16. 1938 99

tunes for those with national and in­ S. Bournes of town houses and coun­
THE KEN S T 0 P - WA T C H ternational reputations gained at For­
est Hills and Wimbledon, and haven’t
try places in the best spots. Her daddy
has so very, very much that he can af­
done badly by the supporting casts ford to wear his old clothes and no
of the shows. Vinnie Richards, who questions asked. But he is one of the
Fast-flying am ateu r. From racket with Tilden and Suzanne Lenglen, put dapper, real sportsmen. Singer sewing
the tennis tour business into high machines was where Bourne got it.
to drum stick. Tennis pro circuit He’s retired now and can hammer out a
finance, got approximately $200,000
in the m akin g . Joe Louis, Inc.'s, for his showy services. Tilden did bet­ golf score in the high seventies almost
ter than that, and batted his money any day during his spare time.
stockholders. M an M ountain for around with careless placements. Sav­ The Smith-Bourne affair has been
ings banks have never won a game g oin g th rou gh the coy stage of
solon. Fingerprints for caddies. from Tilden. those “ Oh, you’re wonderful” looks
Lesser known, but highly compet­ for two years. Smith, in addition to
ent, professional tennis players have being highly proficient at his trade of
BY HERB GRAFFIS gazed with awe at the fiscal results of journeyman pro golfer, is the No. 1
the Vines-Perry tour conducted by young man in the Blue Book of gen­
Jack Harris. The youngsters (and tlemen athletes— pro or amateur. The
many of the older pro experts) see in Bourne heiress is one of the top class
the Vines-Perry figures an indication of women players.
that pro tennis does well almost re­ (Pic. on Pg. 68)
•
gardless of g en era l business condi­
tions. In Cleveland (O.) where the muni­
Observing the pro golf tournament cipal recreation department has been
situation the tennis pros saw many finger-printing sandlot baseball play­
prominent and affluent golfers who ers for some years as a reliable means
never had won national titles but were of identification and protection against
able to turn in pretty reports to the rin gers in competition, the finger­
income tax authorities. Harry Cooper, printing practice has spread to golf
Horton Smith and Henry P ica rd , caddies.
among the noted golfers, haven’t a The city safety department is co­
national title in the United States and operating. A few tough youngsters
Great Britain between them, but they who got messed up in criminal enter­
are nicely fixed with a satisfactory prises were responsible for the intro­
substitute for glory. Approximately 40 duction of finger-print registration.
sectional golf tournaments a year, af­ Everything will be O.K. until the
fording prize money opportunities and caddies insist on getting finger-prints
frequent publicity, explains the large of the players who hire them, and re­
roster of nationally known pro golf­ fusing to lift a bag until J. Edgar
ers, and the c o m p a r a tiv e ly small Hoover wires the boys it’s O.K.
group of persistently publicized ten­ •
T h r e e runs in fiv e d a y s ; no w o n d e r G lenn lo o k s f i r e d
nis pros. At least, that’s the way many Man Mountain Dean has come out
of the skilled tennis performers look from behind his whiskers to stand as
at the matter. a candidate for the Georgia general
G lenn C unningham, the marvel­ against Wingate Junior College Wilson
One reason the tennis pros believe assembly.
ous miler of Kansas, recently ran struck out 2 S of the batters who faced
that they can build up a circuit draw­ Dean fortified himself against finan­
three A. A. U. sanctioned events in five him. Another batter fouled to the
ing more prize money than the golf cial troubles by his histrionic labors
days, one of which was on a tanbark third baseman and the remaining bat­
pros’ $200,000 a year, is that the ten­ on the mat and in the movies.
track as a feature of a horse show. ter to face Wilson grounded out. Oak
nis competitions can be viewed by He now has two great qualifications
Another was between periods of a Ridge 8; Wingate 0.
spectators who are accustomed to re­ as a politician; he can afford to be
soccer game. Glenn had to fly from Wilson previously fanned 24 bat­
straining their athletic wear-and-tear in politics, and is one of the nation’s
Kansas to Los Angeles in order to ters while pitching for the Burling­
to the bosom of the pants. most artistic in viewing with alarm.
appear as an added attraction at the ton (N. C.) High School. He was one
The American public numbers mil­ •
soccer match. None of these three of six American boys sent to England
lions of self-designated sp ortsm en There is talk that Joe Louis has
Cunningham performances came near for baseball promotion last summer
who endorse the tennis pros’ idea more shareholders than the A. T. & T.
to his usual standard. and while there won IS games and lost
about the attractive gate possibilities or U. S. Steel, but such talk is only
There’s plenty that doesn’t fit into none for Hull, Eng.
(Pix on Pgs. 64-65) of another sedentary sport. words. The Louis managers of record
the avowed principles of the A. A. U.
•
One of the most frequently bally- are Julian Black and John Roxbor-
in that crowded schedule for Cun­
hooed American “ sportsmen” happens ough. They also are very much his
ningham. Leslie Pawson, winner of the Bos­ to be a man who hasn’t made an managers in fact. Wily, worldly-wise
Maybe it’s part of a plan to cope ton A. A. marathon in 1933 and this athletic motion since he got out of men of color are they, and by instinct
with unemployment. The A. A. U. year lost seven and one-half pounds prep school. From sitting in ringside, and keen observation they have been
will have to hire extra people to man during the 26-mile, 385-yard, trot. 50-yard-line, and box seats, they say able to wend their ways through the
the Cunningham event Sanction De­ (Pic on Pg. 66)
he has acquired more callouses on his jungles of pugilism without tripping.
partment at the rate Glenn has been Clarence DeMar, veteran star of
stern than a giant California redwood Mike Jacobs has the contract for
worked. the race, finished in seventh place,
• has rings. Joe’s appearances. As long as Mike
which isn’t doing badly for a man
But each callous is pour le sport. has a competent headlock on the big
Bobby Riggs and Gene Mako, who will be SO years old June 7. De- (Pix on Pg. 67)
Mar is a teacher at Keene Normal fight business, and Julian and John
youthful tennis stars, are among the •
school and runs the two and one-half play along, all that Joe Louis has to
wackiest of the swing music fans. What internationally famous golf
miles b e tw e e n his home and the do is to think with his fists. That’s
On the slightest provocation — or professional and what beautiful Ju­
school, four times a day. fortunate because Louis, piquiet, good-
on none at all— either one of the nior Leaguer are going to join hands mannered youth, is mentally qualified
young men will bound from seats in in an interlocking grip better than the as a resident of a cabin in the cotton
cafes, snatch sticks from drummers, clutch old Harry Vardon invented?
Tennis professionals hope they’ll and not as one to be at home in the
and begin volleying. They're good at The columnists missed one when they
soon have a tournament circuit resem­ sophisticated, dark and vain surround­
it, too. didn’t bat out that what-stuff when
•
bling that o f the golf C.O D. players. ings bordering the ring.
They’ve engaged Robert Harlow, vet- Horton Smith and Barbara Bourne Max Schmeling is owner and man­
Watch and see what happens to em promoter o f pro golf to survey were discovered in Bermuda in spring­ ager of Max Schmeling, although Joe
Max Wilson, a southpaw youngster the situation. time when love was blooming in all Jacobs again will appear on the rec­
who pitches for the Oak Ridge (N. Winter tours o f the all-star tennis its splendor, etc., etc. ords as the Schmeling manager and
C .) M ilitary Institute. In a game troupers have netted respectable for­ Miss Bourne is daughter o f the A. will function in the usual valuable
700

manner when there are advantages to Golden Glove graduate was trying to Scram— what you do when you slip team he then was manager. Scarcely
be gained by instant action on tech­ come up the hard way. and aren’t tied to a companion. a Card was hitting his weight and
nicalities. It was Joe who jumped into The other one was Lorenzo Pack. • the weight wasn’t much because the
the ring shrieking “ foul” when Maxie Three years as a pro has finished A taxicab transporting Claude Jon- laddies were restricting themselves to
was seated on the canvas grabbing at Pack. At Camden (N. J.) he was nard, manager of the Shreveport team a hamburger, crock of java and a slab
his belly and grim acing after Jack knocked out by Jersey Joe Walcott, of the Texas league ran over a black of pie, per meal, and sending the bal­
Sharkey had buried a fist into the in two minutes 44 seconds o f the cat en route to the ball park. ance of the $3.50 per diem grub stake
Schmeling mid-section. Thus it was fourth round. Pack was floored for a The score: Taxicab 9; Black Cat 0. back to the folks on the farm.
Joe who yelled Max into the heavy­ nine count in the first round. In the After which Jonnard’s team won its After the Cards’ new deal with the
weight title he once held. fourth round the 21-year-old Detroit first game in the league schedule fol­ menu was made the team fattened up
It also was Joe who insisted that the Negro was on the floor three times lowing nine consecutive defeats. and won the 1925 pennant.
bandage limitation, chiefly intended for “ eight” tolls. There was no inter­ If you want some laughs watch for The hotel men, if they establish a
for lighter fighters, be observed strictly vention from Jack Dempsey, the the superstitions of athletes. Most Hall of Fame, will award the star
in the Schmeling-Louis fight. Louis has referee. superstitious of all, probably, are not spot to the one of their group who
abnormal hands. The bandages proved The fourth time Pack hit the floor the baseball players but the women now can invent a way to keep some
inadequate and in the first round Joe in the final round, no count was amateur golf stars. of the free-handed major league eat­
painfully bruised a paw, thus badly needed. It was IS minutes before Only a few women golfing stars ers from gnawing away the $3.50
handicapping himself in the Schme­ Pack could be removed to the dress­ have the temerity to change their cos­ daily allowance at breakfast.
ling fight. ing room. No hospitalization was or­ tumes in a tournament until they’ve •
Although the manager’s share of a dered for Pack, and after the show been defeated. Cute little Patty Berg, Charles G. Hopton, who showed
fighter’s winnings usually is 33f4% , was over, a half-hour later, Pack was for the second time the sen sa tion the first modern airedale in New
the best Joe Jacobs was able to get led from the hall, semi-conscious. of the Florida women’s tournament York in 1896, prior to the time the
out of Schmeling for services rendered That’s all you need to know about season, wore a white sweater during breed had show classification, says
in the affair with Louis was 17J4%, what is almost certain to happen her string of triumphs until it was the old airedale was the world’s best
and then, so the insiders relate, only when young boxers are forced and the gray and yaller of Tobacco Road. sporting dog.
after Mike Jacobs had applied pres­ otherwise mishandled. The crime is The laundryman should pass out The airedale was developed as a re­
sure. Max Machon, Schmeling's train­ getting as bad in amateur boxing as educational pamphlets to the girls. triever in England. Hopton is said to
er, was cut in for another ten per cent. it is in the professional ring, despite • have brought the first of four breeds
Giving down the total of 27J^% still some sincere efforts to protect the Byron (Whizzer) White, Univer­ to the United States. The airedale,
left Schmeling with a profit. teen-age boys who perform in the sity of Colorado versatile All-Amer­ the Pekingese, the French bull and
Schmeling bought the German rights great majority of amateur bouts. ican athlete and a high ranking stu­ the toy bull were his importations.
to the Schmeling-Louis fight pictures • His first toy bulldog, L ’Ambassador,
dent at the school, is debunking ath­
for $10,000 and is said to have grossed College athletic authorities expect letics in addresses to service clubs won 100 first prizes in English dog
approxim ately $1,000,000 on their new attendance records at the I. C. and high school youngsters. shows.
showings in the Fatherland. A. A. A. A track meet June 4-5, and “ We all swallow the myth in ath­ Queen Victoria, according to Hop-
Max Buellow was Schmeling’s man­ the National Collegiate champion­ letics— read the headlines and beat ton, owned one of the first two Pe­
ager when the Uhlan came to this ships June 17-18. The hope is based ourselves on the chest— but do we kingese ever seen outside the Chinese
country on his original trip. Details on the big draw of last winter’s in­ stop to think why?” asks the Whizzer royal palace walls. During a native
of the switch in Schmeling’s “ front” door meets and the increasing pub­ in his examination of the fellow cit­ uprising in 1864, British soldiers stole
management from Buellow to Joe Jac­ licity being given track and field izens’ belief that Americans are a two of the breed, one of which was
obs are clouded by miasmatic mists, meets. race of super-athletes. presented to the Victoria Regina. At
not infrequent in fight commerce. Formerly the varsity athletic offi­ The bright young man also said least, that’s Hopton’s story.
Gene Kessler, sage scribe of matters cials had to be content with hope of that while we continue to pride our­ What happened to the other Peke,
pugilistic, reminds one not to leap at records made by the athletes, not the selves that we are the supermen of the veteran dog fancier doesn’t say.
the conclusion Schmeling did Joe Jac­ spectators. muscle we withhold criticism of the Maybe it had a casual love affair, like
• Germans for their susceptibility to a sailor, and moved on, leaving the
obs a foul and unparalleled injustice
by short-changing Joe because Joe Frequency of knee injuries in foot­ Hitler propaganda myths. Queen’s Peke concerned with the
wasn’t Ayran. If Max Buellow had ball, is the result of youngsters start­ From those remarks it can be de­ problem of autogenously producing
been able to hold on, he also probably ing in perambulators, switching to duced that Master White is hastening canine symbols for the New Masses’
would have wondered what had hap­ scooters, and graduating to automo­ the expose o f a pet old myth; the cartoonists.
biles; says Jeff McCord, athletic di­ notion that all star athletes are some­ •
pened to his financial expectancies
while Schmeling sailed away singing rector of Emory University. what deficient intellectually. A gem for the hope chest is the
Pfennig Vber Alles. He further remarks that star foot­ • Non-Sectarian League announcement
• ball players now are coming from the Night baseball owes the Kansas that it will boycott the Louis-Schmel-
“ You clown too much,” said irate farms, mines and mills to displace the City Monarchs, Negro team, much ing fight June 22 unless Maxie agrees
Sixto Escobar, bantamweight cham­ city-bred youngster who doesn’t have credit for giving the nocturnal ver­ to turn over his share of the purse
pion, to Kayo Morgan, Escobar’s con­ legs conditioned to stand football’s sion of the game a successful intro­ to the relief of German refugees. The
queror in an overweight fight. rigors. duction. J. L. Wilkinson, white owner declaration was made in the hope
The Puerto Rican’s criticism was It looks like the one chance the of the team, worked out portable that Herr Max would join up as one
made in a dressing room after the city kid has is to get himself a mail­ lighting equipment prior to 1930 of the prominent turner-overs, which
fight. Sixto emphasized his complaint man’s job as a preliminary to becom­ when the Des Moines team in the is an empty hope.
by a bare-knuckled slug at Morgan’s ing an All-American nominee. Western League put the first sta­ Schmeling’s record is unmarred by
• loss to a turning-over suggestion of a
jaw. It was thought that Morgan’s tionary lighting outfit in a baseball
jaw was broken until an X-ray re­ Mountain climbing is becoming a park. financial character. Joe Jacobs can
lieved the anxiety. popular sport in the rugged state of Football beat baseball in the night prove that.
The idea of a good fight in the Washington. game field, but Wilkinson wasn’t able Fight picketing seems to be one of
dressing rooms after the formal ac­ If you are able to master the lexi­ to make much use of the football the most futile demonstrations of
tivities is one that will be welcomed con of the real onward-and-upward lighting ideas. He had to design most protesting idealists. Mike Jacobs will
by many fight promoters. It will give pastime, the rest of it ought to be of his equipment. sell mostest of the bestest tickets by
them a new set of premium seats to easy. • mail to business firms that buy in
sell. The way the order now ranges Here are some of the items in the Rogers Hornsby deserves the No. 1 quantities. The Non-Sectarian League
is: working press, press, politicians’ climbers’ lexicon: position in baseball’s Hall of Fame can’t picket the U. S. mails. That’s
ringside, patrons’ ringside, super ring­ Gite— a shelter for a bivouac. three times a day. He is the one re­ done only in Ohio. Seats toward the
side, de luxe ringside and ringside. Kletter schube— shoes with felt or sponsible for the change from the $3.50 bottom of the scale probably
Dressing room ringside should com­ rope soles for rock climbing. former major league routine of allow­ will go close to a sell-out, just as the
mand first favor. Reepschnur— a safety rope, inch ing players $3.50 a day for meal cheaper seats did at the Schmeling-
• in diameter. money on the road, to the present Thomas fight at Madison Square
When Joe Louis was being ex­ Sastrugi — wavy ridges, three or American plan of feeding at the ball Garden last winter. That was a briskly
pertly developed and taken by easy four feet high, formed on a level sur­ club hotels. picketed affair, but the pickets mum­
stages out of the amateur heavy­ face by wind action. Hornsby effected the change in bled so confusingly you had to stop
weight class, another young Negro Scree— a heap of rocky debris. 1925 with the Cardinals, of which and listen intently before you learned
June 76, 7938 101

whether the speech-making was be­ ball in San Antonio, Tex., when he
ing done by ticket scalpers or by anti- was viewed by Curtis. Curtis invested
Nazi advocates. $8 in the best grade of prohibition
Mike Jacobs kept eager and trou­ drugstore whiskey and discussed the
bled hotel men of Chicago, Detroit
and Philadelphia chasing rainbows
whiskey, national affairs and Dean
with the amateur club’s manager. The The Biggest
until he decided to place the fight in result was Dean signing a Cardinal
New York because of his “ obliga­ contract on the advice of the amateur
tions” to Gotham. His main and valid team’s manager, who was full of $8
w’hiskey and good advice. Dean got
Benedictine News
“ obligations” are his convictions that
the fight will draw 80,000 people and $300 for writing his name on the pa­
more than $1,000,000 when held in pers. Curtis’ expense account on the
the Yankee Stadium. deal was nothing to the Cardinals be­
cause the fireman traveled on a rail­
•
road pass, and didn’t dare think of
Dizzy Dean selling for $185,000 to itemizing “ whiskey, $8” on an expense
the Cubs represented an increase of account that Branch Rickey might
$184,700 over Dizzy’s first sale price. see.
The first transfer of Dean as a chattel With Dean’s arm now in bad shape,
involved an $8 loss to the late Don the Cubs ought to start looking for
Curtis, railroad fireman and spare-time some of that prohibition whiskey to
ivory hunter. The story was dug up by use as liniment. It used to do great
Lloyd Gregory of the Houston Post. things in making the boys feel loose
Dizzy was pitching amateur base­ and painless. •

I N S I D E NE W Y O R K

The Home o f Benedictine at Fecamp, France

A Nctu Liqueur— D. O. M. Benedictine

J e d H a r r i s — E n f a n t t e r r i b l e o f B r o a d w a y and 42nd S t .

and selected French Cognac Brandies

He's m agnificent, he's im m ortal,
he's m ad, he's a little wet. Jed ince Benedictine’s magic flavour uias created in

H arris is also B ro ad w ay's most 1510, its makers have produced no other liqueur.

am azin g producer— and the most Now, 428 years later, a new liqueur . . . Benedictine’ s own

r e t ir in g . He m a y r e t ir e a g a in bottled B and B . . . comes from the quaint abbey town of )

most a n y d ay. Fecamp. You may have had Benedictine mixed with
brandy before. But B and B’s mixed just before serv­
ing can’ t compare with B and B that comes from
BY SIDNEY CARROLL Benedictine’ s own century-old vats. It’s the year’s
flavour sensation . . . the unique character of

very w o r d he u tte re d fr o m the the drama to bark into their type­ Benedictine deftly combined with the warmth
E b e m a o f h is p r o d u c i n g offices
sw e p t lik e a d e se rt s i r o c c o u p a n d
writers -with such enthusiasm and at
the same time with such skepticism.
o f selected French Cognac Brandies.
d o w n th e stre e ts o f th e th e a tre d istr ic t The tributes that have been poured so ( Yet B and B costs no m ore than
an d fr ig h te n e d th e p ig e o n s o ff th e c o r ­ plentifully on Mr. Harris’s head ever (
n ic e s o f th e H o t e l A s t o r .” since 1925, when he produced his first ( Benedictine! Get B and B today. Both
Those were w ord s w ritte n by play, must make him feel quite proud,
Brooks Atkinson in 1933, in his dra­ and yet, perhaps, a little wet. Every
Benedictine liqueur and B and B
matic column of the New York Times, tribute paid to Jed Harris somehow liqueur are 86° proof. ^ ^
and he was referring to a gentleman retains the tinge of mockery. Like the
known as Jed Harris. This same Mr. hosannas sung to Mr. Goldwyn— of
JULIUS W ILE SONS & CO., INC.
Harris has often been the inspiration the Goldwyn, or Midas, touch— the 2 PARK AVENUE, N. Y.. SOLE U. S. ACENTS
for such ecstatic prose. No producer tributes admit in the same sentence
of our time has caused the critics of that Jed Harris is a genius as well as
 702

a screwball. Even the little comments harsh words. The Jed Harris legend
that appear in the theatrical news takes it for granted that its hero is
columns, the items that simply re­ braggadocio as well as clairvoyant,
port on what he is doing or where he madman as well as genius, screwball
is, make it apparent that Mr. Harris as well as sacred cow. Harris is not
is held in a peculiar kind of esteem by the Sam Goldwyn of Broadway but
the gentlemen of the press. Here is he resembles the Caliph of California
the kind of thing they like to write in one great respect: people speak of
about Mr. Harris: him with awe and irreverence in the
“ Jed Harris sails for London to­ same breath. That is the tempo of
morrow — unless he changes his the Harris legend— to blow hot and YOU NEED
mind. That has been known to hap­
pen.”
cold about him in the same exhala­
tion.
A HOBBY!
• A n engrossing to p ic, plan,
“ Bets on what Mr. Harris will or If by any chance Mr. Harris does e tc ., to w h ic h one co n sta n tly
rev erts; also , an o ccu p a tio n or
will not do should always be fairly not relish the notion that he is some­ interest to w h ic h one gives h is
spare tim e.
conservative.” thing of a curiosity on the street of —According to M r. Webster.
“ Having just gone back to London, curiosities then he made his own first
Jed Harris — following his ancient mistake by being a boy wonder. • Every brain worker needs a hobby
as a balance wheel, an equalizer, an
custom— is coming right back.” That’s what they called him for a outlet, in these hectic days of busi­
“ Jed Harris (to the consternation long time — The Boy Wonder. It ness upheavals and stock market tan­
of his office staff) is in South Caro­ started perhaps — the boy wonder trums.
lina shooting grouse.” part o f it and the first taste of stage W ell, sir, here’s your Open Sesame!
Any Broadway producer who rates stuff— when he played a violin in a to a magical new m an’ s world tvhere
a single-line paragraph all by himself saloon run by Bob Fitzsimmons. Har­ you can satisfy that inherent urge to
make things with your hands, where
is an important producer, but if he ris was IS at the time and his name you can let your ideas flow into and
inspires the anonymous authors of the was Horowitz. The next important out of your finger tips and give your
theatrical news columns to become step upward is vouchsafed for us by mind a change of perspective.
faintly jocose about his activities the authorities of Yale University;
then he must be more important than they assure us that Mr. Horowitz at­
usual. There can be no denying that tended their school for three years, at
Jed Harris is a great producer and W’hich time he struck up an acquaint­ TOOL OF IO OI USES .A
director. His important productions ance with a student named Thornton
speak for themselves: Broadway, Co­ Wilder. “ I left,” Harris once ex­
quette, The Front Page, The Royal plained, “ because Yale bored me.” It
WASHABLE! Family, Serena Blandish, Uncle Van­ is known that the dark, thin, exclusive
ya, A Doll’s House, Our Town. This young man spent practically all his
•
self-same season he wins the Pulitzer time in his room. Harris explained
WRINKLE- Prize with Our Town. He should have
won it several times before.
that his room was filled with books.
He was a freshman during the war
PROOF! A Jed Harris production some­ years and he joined the Yale Naval
times brings some of the critics out Unit. That was where he acquired his
in white tie and tails, and that hap­ oft-avow ed love for the sea. After
pens to be a tribute accorded to very Yale came the famine years. It is dif­
p lu s a s e n ­ Fits the hand perfectly and weighs only 12
ounces. With it you can set up shop wherever
few other important producers. ficult to follow his meanderings at this
sational new But there is one thing that sepa­ point, various witnesses testifying to
there is an electric outlet, because the Handee
is actually a whole shop full of tools in one.
construction! rates him from the rest of the tiny having seen him in antipodal parts of You don’ t need a lot o f room for shafting
and machinery. A ny quiet nook will do, in
world of Broadway geniuses, and the globe. It is certain, however, that apartment, basement, attic, garage or your
own study, where you can be alone and shut
LEE Knot* that is the Jed Harris legend. Every­ he traveled around on cattleboats, was out the world when you close the door.
A s a starter, get this Ultra De Luxe set, as­
body has a story about Jed Harris. arrested several times for vagrancy, sembled especially for gentlemen craftsmen
Haven’t you al­ Some of them are good. If they are went to England and starved, that he — the Handee with 26 o f the most useful
accessories to grind, drill, carve, cut, polish,
ways wanted to true, they are good. His clothes, his came back to this country by stowing saw, rout, engrave, etc., all metals, alloys,
t ie a p e r f e c t food, his distaste for shaving, his away in the foc’s’le of the S. S. New resins, wood, horn, bone, stone, glass, etc.
All housed in a neat metal case. With it you
knot in your tie constant travels, his hysterics and his York. What he did immediately be­ receive an interesting hook, “ Pleasure and
— shapely, symmet­ Profit with a Handee,” giving working plans
quiet times, his pronunciam entos on fore he hit Broadway is another mat­ fo r many interesting and unusual projects.
rical with the little the status of art and life— all these ter of mystery. One dramatic critic Set complete, $2f>.00, delivered.
Then, sir, there are 200 other accessories,
draped 'dimple’ effect right in the are well-known on Broadway. He is testified that he and Harris and a Rus­ which you can add to your set from time to
center? W ell —you can do it every sian named Michael Factorovitch com­ time, as you require them.
called the most inveterate long-dis­
time with a Sea-Kool tie . . . the new tance phone caller in the legitimate prised the editorial staff of a paper in
“ S h a p e -L E E -K n o t” construction theatre. He has retired twice “ for all Denver called The Community Her­ DE LUXE MODEL
(patent pending) insures a perfectly time” from the theatre. He hires and ald. Harris wras 21 years old; he was ( Illu s tra te d )
draped knot! fires whole office staffs with unpre­ the editor. The dramatic critic avers F in e st, fa ste st, m ost p ow er­
fu l too l fo r its type a n d
W R IN K L E -P R O O F , t o o ! The dictable aplomb. He never goes to that Harris used to wear riding boots, w eig h t, 25,000 r.p .m . $18.50,
d eliv ered , w ith 6 A ccesso ries.
fabric is so resilient that it resists one of his own opening nights. He whipcord breeches, and a khaki shirt
wrinkling, regains its smoothness no deserts the theatre for the cinema to work, and this is the first authen­
matter how tightly you tie it. quite frequently, renouncing the le­ tic indication we have of Mr. Har­ STANDARD MODEL
gitimate in his wake. For a long time ris's various sartorial eccentricities; B u ilt to sam e h igh q u a lity
W A S H A B L E — Tested b y L U X sta n d a rd s as th e D e L u xe.
a three-day growth of stubble was his he was later to assume many others, 18.000 r.p.m . W e ig h s 1
Laboratories and rated “ E X C E L ­ p o u n d , $1 0 .7 5 , d elivered ,
most distinguishing characteristic. He mostly Bohemian. Harris explained
L EN T ” . . . that takes all the guessing w ith 3 A ccesso ries.
is the direct inspiration for at least his presence on The Community Her­
out o f the cleaning problem!
one novel and at least three plays. ald thus wise: “ I was on my way
Yes, you can pay more for a sum­
But the most elusive facet on the west from New York to Honolulu to
NEW Handee Router & Shaper
mer tie if you w an t. . . but you can’t Convert yo u r D e L u x e Ila n d e e into a R o u ter or

get a better tie than Sea-Kool— re­ whole Harris legend is the funny kind lead an orchestra, but this job was S h a p er w ith these e a sy -to -h a n d le fixtures. S c a le d
fro m pro fession al specificatio n s fo r ex ce ed in g ly fine
offered me and I’m staying here.” He w o rk. W ith th is co m binatio n you can in la y , rout,
gardless o f price! of skepticism with which he is always ca rve, m ak e m o lding cu ts to loO th o f an in ch a c ­
cu ra c y . Sm ooth, v ibratio n less perform ance. $ 12 .5 0 .
mentioned. He has proved his powers resigned from the Herald when his

I nsist
55c
I f y o u r d e a le r c a n t s u p p l y y o u , s e n d S3
almost a dozen times but his Bos­
wells still wink slyly when they praise
him most. Brooks Atkinson, again,
once put it this way: “ That solemn
publisher began to confuse the edi­
torials with the advertisements.
Harris came to New York. Certain
Broadway inhabitants will swear that
G ET A DEMONSTRATION
a t D ep artm en t, T o o l or H a rd w a re S to res, or let u s
send th e set, or eith e r m odel o n 1 0 -d a y s, M oney-
b a c k T r ia l. C a ta lo g free.

CHICAGO W H E EL & MFG. CO.

w ith th is c o u p o n f o r 6 S e a -K o o l tie s in - Makers o f Quality Products for 40 years
rubric— ‘A Jed Harris Production’— he wore a ten-gallon hat that year. He 1105 W . M O N R O E S T ., C H IC A G O , IL L .
e lu d in g p o s ta g e !
has something more than a braggart’s worked on a theatrical trade sheet. It
K en 6
A . S C H R E T E R & S O N S , IN C ., B A L T IM O R E pretense about it. It is the hallmark was a position that enabled him to □ Send U lt r a D e L u x e S et □ S en d D e L u x e M o d el

Please send me 6 Sea-Kool ties of one of the most clairvoyant minds meet the Bums and Brahmins of □ S en d S ta n d a rd M o del □ Sen d C a ta lo g

□ Plaids □ Stripes n Checks in the theatre.” That is one of the Broadway, to learn the lingo, to learn
N am e
nicest ribbons pinned on the Harris the business. When he couldn't reach
N a m e .......................................................................
legend, but it leaves a taste — as higher on the paper, he left. He be­ A d d ress ............................................................

A d d ress ................................................................. usual. "Braggart” and “ pretense” are came a press agent, and a successful Copyright 1938 by Chicago Wheel & M fg, Co.
June 16, 1938 103

one. When he was 25 years old he It w-as at this very moment that M ore and more men say:
produced his first play, a tepid opus Jed Harris, at the height of his
called Weak Sisters. He followed it powers and on the crest of the wave,
with something just as lukewarm retired for all time for the first time.
" I T 'S the m od ern , m anly
called Love ’Em and Leave ’Em. One He decided to take up permanent 1 fashion to smoke a PIPE"...
year later, in 1926, he produced residence in England or France, far
Broadway. from the Times Square crowd. Percy and discriminating pipe snwhers
The whole cosmology of the Har­ Hammond, knowing Mr. Harris only
d i s c o v e r n e w s m tiltin g thrills in
ris legend really dates from Broad­ to the extent that any critic should
way. It was a phenomenal success. know any producer, was sorry to see
At one time in its career it had seven him go, but the great Hammond
road companies and foreign com­ guessed wrong. He said: “ Mr. Harris
panies playing in London. Rome, has been gone from Times Square for
Berlin, and Paris. H. R. H.. the then ten days, and already he is as forgot­
Prince of Wales, wrote a testimonial ten as David Warfield or Charles A Smart London PIPE without a "bite"
in which he said: “ I have never en­ Frohman. and is himself as forgetful
joyed myself more fully at any play. of it as Winthrop Ames or Frances
Broadway is an absolute delight.” Wilson.” Harris came back to Broad­
Harris made a million dollars out of way and he produced Uncle Vanya,
it. From the moment that Broadway a hit. and two flops, Mr. Gilhooley
burst upon an incredible Broadway and The Inspector General. He tried
the 27-year-old producer became a again in 1931 with two more plays,
Broadway pontiff. Everything he said but they both flopped. Harris retired
was golden treasure; everything he again, vowing to devote all his time
said was law. It was then that his and energy to that growing concern,
dicta began to scare the pigeons off the cinema. They asked him in Holly­
the cornices of the Hotel Astor. He wood how much of a salary he'd like.
began to say things like: “ There is He asked them how much they were
“ Tally-H o” meets the
no art in the theatre, never was. It’s paying Irving Thalberg, who happened needs o f men o f all
a business like selling butter and to be H olly w ood ’s highest-paid pro­ ages fo r a li g h t ­
eggs." The latter statement he pro­ ducer. Plans fell through, somehow, w e ig h t , c o m f o r t ­
nounced in 1925, when “ butter-and- and Harris came back to Broadway. a b le , b e a u tifu lly
balanced pipe . . .
egg man” was a popular phrase. He produced The Fatal Alibi. Flop.
Richard Watts has called the several The season of 1932 he spent in the
years that followed Broadway in the sulks, writing vituperative letters to A Father's Day
present to thrill
tempestuous 20’s The Jed Harris Era. anyone who had a Manhattan ad­ your D ad
In 1927 he produced C oq u ette and dress. In 1933 he came back to town
The Royal Family, which made him and produced The Lake, which is re­
membered mainly because a Miss
A Graduation
two more fortunes. His rise was only
giftfor Son, Brother
temporarily impaired the same season Katharine Hepburn played in it and or Friend
when he produced an attack on Hearst a Miss Dorothy Parker was heard to
called Spread Eagle. It was in 1928 remark that Miss Hepburn had run
that he produced The Front Page, and the gamut of emotions from A to B.
that was an era of spectacular non­ But in the same season he produced
sense. He was surrounded on all sides The Green Bay Tree, a delicate ex­
by Ben Hecht and Charles MacAr- position of perversion and a rant at
thur, and the stories that attach them­ dilettantism. It was a success. Mr.
selves to that invincible triumvirate Harris was in the chips again. Lucius
are among the most colorfu l in the Beebe happened to look in upon him
legend. As The Front Page was first at this stage of the game and he re­
written there was a character in it ported that the master was wearing
named Alderman Willoughby, a col­ a black and white sports jacket to
ored gentleman. When they were offset the fact that he was shaving
dress-rehearsing the show the colored daily. As he spoke to interviewers he
actor who was taking the part turned toyed with a paper cutter with which,
up thoroughly inebriated. When it be­ he said, a certain poetess had once at­
came quite obvious that they could do tempted suicide. The master was cer­
nothing with him. Harris canceled him tainly in form. Douglas Gilbert said
T A K ES N A T U R A L C O L O R M O V IE S ! out of the show. The problem was to that he was once more “ veddy. veddy
Just use Irwin Dufaycolor film magazine and get another Negro actor to take the Jeddy.”
you capture every scene in its natural colors.
part in short order. Ben Hecht had an In view of the fact that Harris has
LOWEST 16mm FILM COST! idea: “ Why not let Jed get into black­ a notorious yen for the prop juste—
You can purchase an Irw in 30 ft. black and
face and play Alderman Willoughby?” that he is, in his way. a latter-day
white film magazine fo r only 98 cents. This low
price includes processing a t any Irwin laboratory. Charles MacArthur had a macarthur- Belasco — it is interesting to look
If you e v e r w a n te d a low co s t m o vie c a m e ra ian answer for that one. “ If we do back upon The Green Bay Tree as an
t h a t o ffe re d h ig h q u a lity p e rfo rm a n c e the that,” he said, “ we’ll have to change exquisite sample of his labors. He
a m a z in g new Irw in M o d e rn e is y o u r a n sw e r. the character’s name to Erastus Gold­ would not put the play into produc­
N o o th e r 16mm m o vie c a m e ra listin g fo r less
berg.” tion until he had secured the right
th an $ 6 0 .0 0 o ffe rs you th e a d v a n ta g e s o f a
40 f t . film m a g a z in e . P ic tu re s fo u r tim e s as The Front Page was another great actors from Canada. Honolulu. Hol­
la rg e as 8 m m . S im p le r to o p e ra te th an an Harris success. The pigeons on the lywood. and London. Robert Edmond
o rd in a ry box c a m e ra . . . an d b est o f a ll y o u r Astor cornices began to flutter nerv­ Jones did the settings, and Elsie Made of selected, close-grained briar
firs t co st is y o u r la st c o s t. Y o u are not re ­
ously again. In 1929 he produced de Wolfe did the furnishing. In com­ — scientifically treated to insure uni­
q u ire d to p u rc h a se d iffe re n t le n ses to o b ta in
c le a r sh arp m o vie s . . . no o th e r m o vie c a m e ra Serena Blandish, written by a former pliance with Mr. Harris’s heated in­ form smoking satisfaction . . . Smoke
o ffe rs so m uch fo r so lit t le . O n e d e m o n s tra ­ press agent of his, one S. X. Behr- structions Miss de Wolfe may be said a “ Tally-Ho” and convince yourself
tion w ill c o n v in c e yo u .
man. It was perhaps the most beauti­ to have gone to town. She tricked the that it is truly a superior pipe—a cool,
F A C T O R Y : B rid g e p o rt, C o n n .
ful thing he had ever tried. Not all stage up in gold and green; pale green clean, dry, mellow, sweet-smoking
L A B O R A T O R I E S : C o n n .; C a l i f . ; Illin o is .
the critics had been in complete ac­ covered the walls and a gold patina
pipe which every man will cherish
I f you cannot obtain an Irwin from your dealer you can se­
cure one direct from the Jactory by sending attached coupon. as “ his best friend.”
cord with his other successes. Percy was spread sparingly on the wood­
Ask fo r “ T a l l y - H o ” pipes at A l f r e d I l l l l l l l i l l ’ s ,
MAIL ORDER COUPON Hammond, for instance, objected to work. The furniture was strict 18th
620 Fifth Avenue, N. Y., and at other stores where
I R W IN C O R P O R A T IO N ‘ The Front Page because “ Harris had century. Antique Italian doors formed Sm oker's R eq u isites a re f e a tu r e d , o r w e w ill
| 33 W est 20th S t .. New Y o r k C it y j m ail your “ T a l l y - H o ” pipe post-paid on receipt o /® 5 .
I G e n tle m e n : E n c lo s e d p le a s e find m o n e y o r d e r fo r I allowed Ben Hecht to indulge a pas­ the entrance; a Louis X V gilt sofa,
I $13.S »5 tor c h e c k ) fo r w h ic h y o u w ill p le a s e sen d I Sole Importer
|
|
m e an I r w in 1 6 m m M o v ie C am era to g e th e r w ith
1— 3 0 ft . b la c k an d w h ite film m a g a z in e . It is tin-
I
I
sion for dirt in the dialogue and to clothed in damask, was in the center
■ d e r sto o d that th e ca m e ra is fu lly iruaranteed . j
I N A M E ________________________________________________________________ I
turn what might have been a decent of the room and two Venetian chairs
“ extended the use of gilt.” A Louis
I
»
A D D R E S S _______________________________________________________
C I T Y _______________________________________ S T A T E _____________ ■
melodrama into a squalid sty.” But
Serena Blandish made Mr. Harris all X V boiserie desk and a wing chair a
IN C .
W HO IS Y O U R D E A L E R .
right with Mr. Hammond. completed the other furnishings, but
11 E A S T 2 llt h S IlltE T • NEW Y IIIIK , \ . V.
704

two Italian painted pedestals, a tiny picking perspicacity is profound; he

Queen Anne occasional table, and an can spot a comer a mile away. He
English high back chair did the rest. urged Thornton Wilder to write a play
Crystal girandoles and pedestals and way back when Mr. Wilder first won
flowers and 19th century gilt mirrors the Pulitzer Prize for his novel The
were the only items that might truth­ Bridge o f San Luis R ey, and the story
fully have been called decorations. It goes that he wouldn’t let Wilder rest
was a room in which Miss de Wolfe, until he had finished Our Town, once
following her ancient custom, might Wilder sat down to it. Yet, in 1931
stand on her head with glee. he produced The Wiser They Are and
In 1935 he had one flop, called Wonder Boy, both of which were def­
Life’s Too Short. In 1936 he had one initely grade B. In 1931 he was heard
more, contributed to his troubles by to say that “ The Critics of New York
Philip Barry, and called Spring Dance. probably constitute the most sympa­
Since then he has done A Doll’s House thetic audience a play ever gets. The
and Our Town. A Doll’s House was average coefficient of decency among
another one of his successes d’estime. critics is extremely high.” But only
Mr. Woollcott did all he could for it this season he blew such a blast at
on the radio, and Alfred Lunt and the critics that he is su p p o se d to
Lynn Fontanne, taking a bow after a have soured Our Town’s chances for
performance of Amphitryon, stepped the Drama Critics Prize. Any director
to the footlights and urged their audi­ should know better, but Harris is
ence to see Mr. Harris’s play. To no known to have a streak of ham, or
avail. The play did not make money. Thespianism, somewhere in sid e of
Our Town has been coining it, since him. When Frank Craven, the star of
the Pulitzer Prize. For a time, how­ Our Town, was taken sick a short
ever, it looked like another of those while ago, Harris toyed with the idea
esteem things. o f going on in his place; the Broad­
The master has had his ups and way boys gathered around the theatre
downs. Right now he’s up, what with waiting for the word as to whether
the Pulitzer Prize. There was a time, the great man would finally take the
immediately after The Front Page, leap. He finally decided not to.
when he was c o n s id e r e d infallible; He has an extraordinary gift for
that part o f the legend is gone. The casting, but sometimes he relies com­
fact that he has proved himself vul­ pletely on intuition. When he was
nerable proves that he is a Broadway casting Our Town he could find no­
producer and not a prophet, which is body who was right for the part of
good. He could have made himself the the girl. He asked Evelyn Varden,
biggest man in the American theatre if one of the first m em b ers he hired
he had seen fit to abide by the simple for the cast, whether she knew o f any
rules of give-and-take that rule Broad­ girl who could fill the bill. Miss Var­
way, but he can act the prima donna den said she knew a young lady named
★ A Father's D a y gift with such vehemence that people are Martha Scott with whom she had
afraid to ask him for favors. That is played in summer stock. “ Get her,”
th a t rin g s t h e b e ll an unreasonable procedure in the tiny said Harris. Miss Scott was sent for
with D ad » » » area that houses the whole New York and immediately placed into rehears­
theatre, where a favor to your neigh­ al. “ Doesn’t Mr. Harris want to hear ® H ere's a straightforward proposi­
There’s nothing more satisfying
bor today may pay enormous divi­ me read first?” asked Miss Scott. tion from F. E. M oskovics for
than to have your father say,
dends tomorrow. Harris is a thorough­ She was told that Mr. Harris did not Father's D ay. Y ou 'd like to give
"B oy! that’s something I can going paradox. He can get into high want to hear her read. Miss Scott, D ad a n electric shaver— but you're
really use.” W hat a treat it is hysterics while directing a play but his wisely, refused to take the part until hesitating. H ow do you know he'll
to please him. usual method is one of such muffled she had been tested for it. like it— be a b le to use it? W e ll, if
tones that the actors on the stage find So Harris gave her a few minutes you don't know , w e d o !
The h a n d i-p e n is just what Dad is
looking for. It makes his writing it hard to hear him giving instructions. o f his time, listened to her read a The a d to the right app eared be­
easier — with a desk set he is proud He has several m in o r accomplish­ few lines, told her she was swell. Miss fore in this m agazine— and Ken
to own. The feather-light pen, always ments, one of which is the ability to Scott turned out to be one of the act­ readers b y the hundreds took us
resting in ink at the proper level, is w rite backwards. Every once in a ing sensations of the season. up on our five-day free trial offer.
ready to write— instantly, every time. while he develops a passion for sail­
The reservoir holds six ounces of ink It has been a glorious legend, and "B u t," you might ask , "w h a t h a p ­
boats, but his usual system is to lie it seems to be only warming up. In
— enough for a whole year’s average p ened after the trial p e riod ?"
fallow in the harbor and keep the an­
writing. The handi-pen ends the annoy­ his time Harris has surrounded him­ L etters is the answer-hundreds
ance of pens that constantly run dry. chor down in spite o f the presence
self with a lot of the cream of the of them— filled with such phrases
N o constant dipping; no evaporation. of a crew of three. He is worshipful
Am erican theatre: George Abbott, as: "M y G od ! It w o rk s!” . . .
Buy a h a n d i-p e n today from your local
of thoroughgoing nautical terms; he
Philip Dunning, Hecht and MacAr- "Y o u 'v e done i t !" . . . "It meets
stationer. Only $4.00. Or send coupon adores his skippers because they use
thur, H erm an Shumlin, George S. all five of your claims— a n d h ow !”
to the factory right now. words like “ bilge” and “ belowdecks.”
He has had boats named Margaret B Kaufman, Edna Ferber, S. N. Behr- W e ll, w e figure your D ad's w hisk­
and Marilyn II. (He once had a cook man, Thornton Wilder, to say nothing ers can't be very different from
on board his sloop. The cook turned of the actors and actresses who have all those others. So w e're making
out to be a playwright.) appeared under the solemn rubric of you this offer: order a Roto-Shaver
He has a terrible time falling asleep, a Jed Harris production. The Hecht no w , for presentation this Father's
so that after he does retire early in and MacArthur days have immortal­ D a y . G ive it to your D ad on the
the morning he is bound to sleep all ized him, inasmuch as the crazy pro­ 19th. Let him sh a ve with it. Unless
day. That was his only failing as a ducer who is the central character in he sa y s it's everything w e claim

press agent; he could never wake up Twentieth Century is a composite of for it, return it b y June 24th and

T e a r o u t th is c o u p o n a n d m a il t o d a y in the daytime. He has a lie n a te d Jed Harris, Morris Gest, and David w e 'll return your m oney.

Sengbusch Self-Closing Inkstand Company more e m p lo y e e s than anyone can Belasco. What he will do now that
A better id e a — order two — one
6K Sengbusch Building Our Town has taken the town, no­
Milwaukee, Wis. count and they’ve all w a lk ed out for yourself and one for D ad on
Send me...............h a n d i- p e n sets, for which I swearing vengeance; but Harris has body knows. He is always planning an the sam e b asis. R ead our a d on
am attaching my check ($4.00 each, postpaid).
been known to woo them back by sim­ incredible number o f productions, al­ the next p a g e — then act!
Name..................................................................
ply turning on the charm. He can be ways c o n te m p la tin g the ascent of
Address..............................................................
the best conversationalist in Manhat­ O lym pu s. Of one thing, however,
City....................................................................
tan— but his eloquence can be his un­ Broadway must beware. It is about
State.............................................................. .
doing. For instance, he held options time for Mr. Harris to retire again.
on such gold mines as Once in a Life­ If he does, Broadway can be sure of
time and The Green Pastures but he one thing: When he comes out of re­
talked himself out of them. His play­ tirement he’ll lay ’em in the aisles. •
(Picture on Page 69)
June 76, 7938 705

A itM t... an electric shaver with the courage to say...

N O T E : R o t o -S h a v e r is a c u s t o m -
m a d e sh a vin g i n s t r u m e n t , b e in g
m a n u fa c t u r e d in l i m i t e d q u a n t i­
ties o n ly . N o t e n o u g h w ill b e avail­
a b le to p e r m i t d is tr ib u tio n
th r o u g h reta ilers fo r s o m e tim e .
F o r th e p r e s e n t , R o t o -S h a v e r m u s t
b e o r d e r e d d ir e c t f r o m us.

DESIGNED BY SUCCESSFUL ENGINEERS TO MEET THESE RIGID SPECIFICATIONS

1— Must shave as close as

the finest blade razor.
2— Must do so the first time
used— no "breaking-in"
or tuitional period.
3— Must not irritate even the
most delicate skin.
4— Must be sturdy and easy
F. E. M oskovics— fa m ou s m ech a n ica l
to clean.
en gin eer— fa rm er vice-p resid n t o f N or-
d yke-M a rm on M otor C o.; fo rm er p resi­ 5— Must not "sp ra y " whisk­
d en t o f th e S tutz M otor C om pany— d e­ er-dust.
signer of the fam ous S afety Stutz— now
p resid en t o f R oto-S h a v er Inc.,— first A C H A L L E N G E ! U n l e s s you s a y your R o t o - WITH TWO HEADS
en g in eer to design and sponsor an e le c ­ S h a v e r m e e t s a ll l i v e o f t h e s e c o n d i t i o n s o n
tric sh aver offered on a m o n ey -b a ck your f a c e in your h a n d s , r e t u r n i t in f i v e d a y s A Depilator Head A Shaving Head
gu a ran tee o f p e r fe c t p erform a n ce. a n d y o u r m o n e y w ill b e r e fu n d e d . for HER for HIM
Instantly Interchangeable

ERE for the first time, an electric But I don't expect you to believe these

H shaver is being offered to you

by a firm that discards hypnotic
adjectives and lets its product do the
claims— because they've been made
too often. On the other hand, this has
never been said before: s o c o n f i d e n t
a m I th a t R o to -S h a v e r will fulfill
selling. Two years ago, when I decided
to enter the electric shaver field, I laid m y p r o m is e s th a t I a m p rep a red to
out the specifications listed above. Then se n d y o u o n e on a 5 -d a y m o n e y -b a c k
with a group of engineers associated trial basis. Order a Roto-Shaver via the
with me, I built a shaver to fit them. coupon— and if, within five days you re­
Roto-Shaver is the result— and it fully turn it for any reason whatever, I will
attains every objective set for it. refund your m oney in full, without hesi­
tation or quibbling.
Without enlisting the aid of anything Yes, the Roto-Shaver is priced a little
else— without blade, brush, lather or higher— but i t ’ s tw o sh avers in o n e and
water— Roto-Shaver will shave you worth it. And it will convince you of
clean and fast and without irritation— the fact that it fulfills o u r p r o m is e s if
from the first day you use it. And it you will give it a chance. W ould you
will continue to do so— for it's self-ad­ like to try one?
justing, sturdily and simply constructed, His
soundly engineered.
W H A T ? SH AVE W ITH THAT! Roto-Shaver m ay look like the craziest shaver
....................... .. idea yet— but one shave and you'll be crazy about it! W a it until your face
gets next to that smooth, cool head. It can't let the skin through— it can't
F. E. M OSKO VICS, President irritate. A nd as for the shaving action, Roto-Shaver's inner blades en ga ge , by
Roto-Shaver Incorporated controlled, centrifugal motion, each aperture in the plate 28,000 times a minute
— a total of seventeen million shearing actions a minute. Try it— that's all w e ask.
N O LO N G TRAINING PERIOD— S D A Y S OF PERFECT SH A V IN G OR M O N EY BACK— Roto-Shaver shaves
R o to -S h av e r I n c ., 17 E a s t 45th S tre e t, New Y o r k , New Y o rk
perfectly from the beginning. A ll it asks is five d ay s to prove itself. Use it for this period— and unless it
I accept yo u r F ree T r ia l Offer. P lea se send m e ............ R o to -S h a ve rs at $18.75. I understan d
wins your complete approval, return it and your m oney will be refunded instantly. th a t your shaver m ust meet a ll five o f th e cond itions liste d on th is p age— or I can return it in
★ Roto-Shaver is manufactured under V. S. Patent 2119021. Other patents pending. s five days and you w ill rem it m y m oney in fu ll. (S h avers o rdered for F a th e r ’s D a y presentation
need not he return ed u n til June 24, 1938.)
□ I enclose re m itta n c e ; □ P le a s e sh ip C . 0 . D .

N am e ............................................................................................

A d d ress .......................................................................................
C ity .. S tate.
K f ilfi

Y
106

IN T HE KE N OF T HE P E O P L E NOW IT COSTS LESS

First Aid for ELGIN K W IK - S H A V E
Every ELEC T R IC DRY S H A V E R

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*5
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• A real lionest-
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s m o o t h and

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Genuine leather traveling case.
SUBSCRIPTIONS H er b la c k m a m m y to ld h e r a l ­ Has precision motor, stream­
lined case, self-sharpening cut­
w a y s to b e lie v e in God and the ter, precision head, and one year
TO E S Q U I R E U. S. G overnm ent. But her o nly guarantee. Works on A.C. or
D.C. current. Men and women
son w a s k ille d fighting for d e ­ alike find ELGIN Kwik-Shave
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U SA " sh e ll. She is ash am e d , for
h e r s e lf , fo r h e r c o u n try , fo r S H A V E IN

6 BIG d em ocracy. YO UR CAR

WITH
"I wish you would print this, not freedom and life, to lift the embargo AUTO
ISSUES because I want any pay for it, but be­
cause it is written out of the travail
of my heart, and is my thought and
of arms against Spain.
“ I was afraid because I had heard
that here in these great United States SH A VER
V
belief. were secret ‘isms’ and open ‘isms’—

ONLY *2 “ I kn ow o th e r m o th e rs are as
wounded as I. I only want to help in
the lifting of the arms embargo against
fascism, nazism, communism— and I
had learned that should my son re­
turn from Spain, this co u n tr y , my
The new 6-volt
ELGIN A u to-
Shaver plugs
into your car, or your hoat and you be­
gin shaving. Made for instant attach­
the Spanish Government and to be country, our Government, would prob­ ment. Ideal for tourists, for traveling

• worthy of my son’s faith in himself

and the cause he died for.
“ M y son died in Spain on April 10
ably slam him into prison and fine
him, or that one of these ‘isms’ would
mark him while in Spain for torture
salesmen, for trailer en­
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or the yacht! Use handy
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from wounds received at Teruel on and death after he was helpless to de­ your order!
J ob b ers and D e a le r s w rite fo r d e t a ils about
O ffer g o o d o n ly until January 19. fend himself.
E L G IN M o n e y - M a k i n g F r a n c h is e .
“ M y black Negro mammy, Cherry, “ On June 30, 1937, my son wrote
F ath er's D ay (June 19).
cautioned me when I was a small girl me: ‘Do you know what the other E l g in La b o r a t o r ie s
Starts with F ath er's Day always to b e lie v e in God and the side, across from us, are using? Rem­ 1649 Fulton Street
United States Government all my life ington munitions. Straight out of the
issue and includes Christ­
and I would never have cause to be
CHICAGO - ILLINOIS
States. What a war! Killed by our
mas (December Issue). At­ afraid nor ashamed. own national industries.’ 10 D A Y S O F PERFECT S H A V ­
“ America, the land of the free, and “ I wondered where my little-girl IN G O R Y O U R M O N E Y B A C K
tractive gift card in your
the home of the brave. M y land, my faith in God and the Government of E L G IN Kwik-Shave and E L G IN _ Auto-
name, mailed in time for country, of which I have learned to the U n ited S ta tes had gone, and
Shaver shave perfectly from the beginning.
They ask only 10 days to prove themselves.
be afraid and ashamed. U se either for 10 days, and unless it meets
Father's D a y , announces whether France imprisoned or fined with your complete approval, return for
“ I fully believe that had I not been prompt refund o f your money.
that other thinking volunteer, Lafay­
su b scrip tio n . afraid, hundreds of th ou sa n d s of
Spain’s mothers and children, soldiers
ette, because he helped our country to O R D ER Y O U R S T O D A Y !
freedom.
and civilians would be alive today. E lgin Laboratories
“ I was afraid to lift my voice in 1649 Fulton St., Chicago
W R I T E T O “ I fully believe that had / not bei
pleading for the right of others to live □ Send details about E L G IN Kwik-Shave
afraid, thousands of volunteers, think­
and be free as I once w’as. Now that □ Send details about 6-volt (battery use)
ing men and women, one of whom was E L G IN Auto-Shavers
my only son, who flocked into Spain it is too late to save my son and the Please send ........... E L G IN Kw’ ik-Shave
D ry Shavers @ $5 ea.
from all over this world, to help the sons of other mothers, I lift my voice.
Please s e n d ........... E L G IN A uto-Shavers
loyal people of Spain keep the Span­ “ For sh a m e! No sham e can be (fo r battery use) (a $7.50 ea.
ish Government a democracy, would greater than mine. /, the mother of an I enclose ( ) check ( ) m oney order
Circulation Dept. A m e rica n who was not afraid, nor ( ) cash ( ) send C. O. D.
be alive today.
919N. Michigan Av. “ Yet, I was afraid. Why? I was ashamed to give his all that others Name ........................................................................

afraid to write to my President, my might live and be free.

Chicago, 111. Senators, my Congressman, imploring “ I am ashamed!” Address ..............................................

them in the name of humanity and — A gnes D etro.

C ity .......................................... State
for the sake of every one’s right to Conroe, Texas.
 "BROAD
n ,S h t. M a
c*°th witf ■b y day and .
&r e e n a n d
"DAD'S PRETTY SNAPPY SINCE WE GOT HIM TRUVALS!" Yes. TruVal
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Such heaping value in shirts at these small prices is rare indeed. Ask to look at
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THE TRUVAL BUSH COAT IS AN AMAZING VALUE AT

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tV v firm> shantung type weave. Easy-swing back. Four pockets.
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A.NE" ENSEMBLE. S to ^ tu broa<
•’AIR l
elusive
- « ^ ° o and
ground S S « a s « n g color.
oyster,
A

S2£\
' " g s- d,
r p mj. COnstiVrah

Su'n r n e r ’° d ^ tU rn t o t hp
c ° m f o „ a i , d ° g day s n r 5 t T ‘ u va‘ S to
Porous
varied
$ 1 .3 5 .
TruVaPs collar is made under the world-
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T ru V al O n * e n 6h u 'Cordway
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a piq“ e
 “ D o n ’t you think there w ill be
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ALW AYS R EFR ESH IN G
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3 KIN D S O F BEECH IES "CHEW

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