1.

Fahrenheit to Celsius

Program:

def fahrenheit_to_celsius(fahrenheit):
return (fahrenheit - 32) * 5.0 / 9.0

def celsius_to_fahrenheit(celsius):
return celsius * 9.0 / 5.0 + 32

def main():
print("Temperature Conversion Program")
print("1. Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius")
print("2. Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit")

choice = int(input("Enter your choice (1 or 2): "))

if choice == 1:
fahrenheit = float(input("Enter temperature in Fahrenheit: "))
celsius = fahrenheit_to_celsius(fahrenheit)
print(f"{fahrenheit} Fahrenheit is equal to {celsius:.2f} Celsius.")
elif choice == 2:
celsius = float(input("Enter temperature in Celsius: "))
fahrenheit = celsius_to_fahrenheit(celsius)
print(f"{celsius} Celsius is equal to {fahrenheit:.2f} Fahrenheit.")
else:
print("Invalid choice! Please enter 1 or 2.")

if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

Output:

Case 1: Converting Fahrenheit to Celsius

Temperature Conversion Program
1. Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius
2. Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit
Enter your choice (1 or 2): 1
Enter temperature in Fahrenheit: 98.6
98.6 Fahrenheit is equal to 37.00 Celsius.
Case 2: Converting Celsius to Fahrenheit
Temperature Conversion Program
1. Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius
2. Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit
Enter your choice (1 or 2): 2
Enter temperature in Celsius: 37
37 Celsius is equal to 98.60 Fahrenheit.

Case 3: Invalid Choice

Temperature Conversion Program
1. Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius
2. Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit
Enter your choice (1 or 2): 3
Invalid choice! Please enter 1 or 2.
 2.Nested Loop

Program:

def print_pattern(rows):
# Upper part of the pattern
for i in range(1, rows + 1):
# Print spaces before printing asterisks for center alignment
print(' ' * (rows - i) + '* ' * i)
# Lower part of the pattern
for i in range(rows-1, 0, -1):
# Print spaces before printing asterisks for center alignment
print(' ' * (rows - i) + '* ' * i)

def main():
rows = 5 # Number of rows in the pattern
print_pattern(rows)

if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

Output:

*
**
***
****
*****
****
***
**
*
 3.Student Mark Detail

Program:
def calculate_grade(percentage):
if percentage >= 80:
return 'A'
elif percentage >= 70:
return 'B'
elif percentage >= 60:
return 'C'
elif percentage >= 40:
return 'D'
else:
return 'E'

def main():
subjects = 5
marks = []

for i in range(subjects):
mark = float(input(f"Enter marks for subject {i+1}: "))
marks.append(mark)

total_marks = sum(marks)
percentage = (total_marks / (subjects * 100)) * 100
grade = calculate_grade(percentage)

print(f"Total Marks: {total_marks}")

print(f"Percentage: {percentage:.2f}%")
print(f"Grade: {grade}")

if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

Output:
Enter marks for subject 1: 85
Enter marks for subject 2: 78
Enter marks for subject 3: 90
Enter marks for subject 4: 68
Enter marks for subject 5: 74
Total Marks: 395.0
Percentage: 79.00%
Grade: B
 4.Area of rectangle, square, circle and triangle

Program:
import math

def main():
print("Welcome to the Area Calculator!")
print("Choose a shape to find the area:")
print("1. Rectangle")
print("2. Square")
print("3. Circle")
print("4. Triangle")

choice = int(input("Enter your choice (1/2/3/4): "))

if choice == 1:
# Rectangle
length = float(input("Enter the length of the rectangle: "))
breadth = float(input("Enter the breadth of the rectangle: "))
area = length * breadth
print(f"The area of the rectangle is: {area}")

elif choice == 2:
# Square
side = float(input("Enter the side length of the square: "))
area = side * side
print(f"The area of the square is: {area}")

elif choice == 3:
# Circle
radius = float(input("Enter the radius of the circle: "))
area = math.pi * (radius ** 2)
print(f"The area of the circle is: {area}")

elif choice == 4:
# Triangle
base = float(input("Enter the base of the triangle: "))
height = float(input("Enter the height of the triangle: "))
area = 0.5 * base * height
print(f"The area of the triangle is: {area}")

else:
print("Invalid choice. Please enter a valid option.")
 if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

Output:
Welcome to the Area Calculator!
Choose a shape to find the area:
1. Rectangle
2. Square
3. Circle
4. Triangle
Enter your choice (1/2/3/4): 3
Enter the radius of the circle: 5
The area of the circle is: 78.53981633974483
 5.Prime numbers

Program:
import math

def is_prime(num):
""" Function to check if a number is prime """
if num <= 1:
return False
if num == 2:
return True # 2 is a prime number
if num % 2 == 0:
return False # Other even numbers are not primes

# Check for odd factors from 3 upwards

max_check = math.isqrt(num) + 1
for i in range(3, max_check, 2):
if num % i == 0:
return False
return True

def main():
prime_numbers = []
for num in range(2, 20):
if is_prime(num):
prime_numbers.append(num)

print("Prime numbers less than 20:")

print(prime_numbers)

if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

Output:
Prime numbers less than 20:
[2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19]
 6.Factorial

Program:
def factorial(n):
""" Recursive function to calculate factorial """
if n == 0 or n == 1:
return 1
else:
return n * factorial(n - 1)

def main():
num = int(input("Enter a number to find its factorial: "))
if num < 0:
print("Factorial is not defined for negative numbers.")
else:
result = factorial(num)
print(f"The factorial of {num} is: {result}")

if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

Output:
Enter a number to find its factorial: 5
The factorial of 5 is: 120
 7.Even and Odd numbers from array

Program:
def count_even_odd(arr):
""" Function to count even and odd numbers """
even_count = 0
odd_count = 0

for num in arr:

if num % 2 == 0:
even_count += 1
else:
odd_count += 1

return even_count, odd_count

def main():
# Prompt the user to enter the array
N = int(input("Enter the number of elements in the array: "))
arr = []

print("Enter the elements of the array:")

for i in range(N):
num = int(input(f"Enter element {i+1}: "))
arr.append(num)

# Call function to count even and odd numbers

even_count, odd_count = count_even_odd(arr)

# Print the counts

print(f"Number of even numbers: {even_count}")
print(f"Number of odd numbers: {odd_count}")

if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
Output:
Enter the number of elements in the array: 6
Enter the elements of the array:
Enter element 1: 1
Enter element 2: 2
Enter element 3: 3
Enter element 4: 4
Enter element 5: 5
Enter element 6: 6
Number of even numbers: 3
Number of odd numbers: 3
 8.Reverse a string

Program:
class ReverseString:
def __init__(self, input_str):
self.input_str = input_str

def reverse_words(self):
words = self.input_str.split()
reversed_words = words[::-1]
reversed_string = ' '.join(reversed_words)
return reversed_string

def main():
input_str = input("Enter a string to reverse word by word: ")

reverser = ReverseString(input_str)
reversed_string = reverser.reverse_words()

print("Original string:", input_str)

print("Reversed string (word by word):", reversed_string)

if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

Output:
Enter a string to reverse word by word: Hello World
Original string: Hello World
Reversed string (word by word): World Hello
 9.File Handling

Program:
def copy_odd_lines(input_file, output_file):
try:
with open(input_file, 'r') as file_in, open(output_file, 'w') as file_out:
line_number = 1
for line in file_in:
if line_number % 2 != 0:
file_out.write(line)
line_number += 1
print(f"Odd lines from {input_file} have been copied to {output_file}
successfully.")
except FileNotFoundError:
print("File not found. Please check the file path and try again.")

def main():
input_file = input("Enter the input file name: ")
output_file = input("Enter the output file name: ")

copy_odd_lines(input_file, output_file)

if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

Output:

Enter the input file name:input.txt

Enter the output file name:output.txt
Odd lines from input.txt have been copied to output.txt successfully.
Input.txt

Output.txt
 10.Turtle graphics window

Program:
import turtle

def main():
# Setup the Turtle screen
screen = turtle.Screen()

# Set the screen size (width, height)

screen.setup(width=600, height=400)

# Set background color (optional)

screen.bgcolor("lightblue")

# Set window title (optional)

screen.title("Turtle Graphics Window")

# Keep the window open until user closes it

turtle.done()

if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

Output: