Sample Marking Scheme and Model Answer – Physics(BCSE)

General Instructions

1. The Marking Scheme provides general guidelines to reduce subjectivity in the

marking. The answers given in the marking scheme are suggested answers. The
content is thus indicative. If a student has given any other answer, which is different
from the one given in the Marking Scheme, but conveys the meaning such answers
should be given full weightage.
2. Evaluation is to be done as per instructions provided in the marking scheme. It should
not be done according to one’s own interpretation or any other consideration –
Marking Scheme should be strictly adhered to and religiously followed.
3. If a question has parts, please award marks in the right hand side for each part. Marks
awarded for different parts of the question should then be totalled up and written in
the left hand margin.
4. If a question does not have any parts, marks must be awarded in the left hand margin.
5. Some examinees may attempt the questions giving equally correct answers in a
different way. If the examiners are convinced that the response given by an examinee
is genuinely correct, full weightage should be given.
6. If there are questions on distinction between two concepts, in such questions,
sometimes some students give one aspect of the difference correctly and the other is
either wrong or not given at all, no marks should be given for such point.
7. There may be few higher level questions requiring the examinees to give new ideas
of their own or give valid justifications and judgments of their own. In such cases,
marks should be awarded for their efforts though there may be several possible
answers.
8. If the questions ask for two features/characteristics/point but an examinee writes
more than two features/characteristics/points, say, five of which first is correct,
second is incorrect, the best two should be assessed and the remaining should be
ignored.
9. It is expected that the Marking Scheme is followed objectively to avoid over strict
tendency in marking. For instance, if an examinee scores 30 marks, his/her marks
should not be inflated to 33 simply to pass him/her. Similarly, wherever an examinee
writes answer up to the mark, his/her marks should not be deducted unnecessarily.
10. Marks should be awarded keeping in view the total marks of that particular question
and not the total marks of the question paper. For example, if one mark is given to a
3 marks question even if nothing is correct then one mark constitutes 33% of the total
marks ear-marked for this answer. This must be avoided.
11. A full scale of marks 0-70 has to be used. Please do not hesitate to award full marks
if the answer deserves it.
12. Prior to the evaluation of papers, standardization of answers must be done in the
subject group for uniformity and to avert discrepancies.
13. The papers must be evaluated in subject groups.

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 SECTION A [40 MARKS]
ANSWER ALL QUESTION
Question 1 [25]
a) Directions: For each question, there are four alternatives A, B, C and D.
Choose the correct alternative and circle it. Do not circle more than ONE
alternative. If there are more than one choice circled, NO score will be
awarded.
Marking Scheme
Criteria Marks
Circles the correct option 1
Circles more than ONE alternative 0
Circles none of the alternatives 0
i. The total weight of a body acts downward as if located at a single point. The single
point is called
A centre of body.
B centre of base.
C centre of gravity.
D centre of buoyancy.
ii. All of the following are examples of couple EXCEPT
A opening a door.
B paddling a bicycle.
C opening a bottle cap.
D opening a lock with a key.
iii. An object X is made to fall through different air densities as shown in the figure.
In which case would the object reach the ground first? (consider the height of
object from the ground is same in each case)

X X X X

Density Density Density Density

1.37 1.27 1.36 1.75

kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3
P Q R S

A P
B Q
C R
D S

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 iv. The table below shows the input and output energy of four different brands of
electric hair trimmers. Which brand is the most efficient?

Brand of trimmer Energy input (J) Energy output (J)

Brand A 120 110
Brand B 110 100
Brand C 112 105
Brand D 105 100

A Brand A
B Brand B
C Brand C
D Brand D

v. Sangay and Dema are best friends having different weights. One of them is thin and
the other quite healthy. Sangay’s school shoe is smaller in size than Dema’s,
however they exert the same magnitude of pressure on the ground while standing.
Choose the most correct statement from the following.
A Sangay is heavier than Dema.
B Dema is heavier than Sangay.
C Sangay and Dema have the same mass.
D Sangay and Dema have the same weight.

vi. Study the figure given. The hydraulic machine uses a gas instead of liquid. Choose
the CORRECT statement.

=10 N

Piston X A1=1m2 A2=5m2 Piston Y

gas
A F₂ is 50 N.
B F₂ is more than 50 N.
C Pressure at piston X and Y are equal.
D Pressure at piston X and Y are unequal.

vii. What happens when a cold and a hot body are kept in contact?
A No heat flows
B Heat flows from cold body to hot body
C Heat flows from hot body to cold body
D Heat flows from one body to the other

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 viii. A mobile phone is capable of handling 5V of potential difference. Mobile phone
chargers have inbuilt transformer to vary the voltage coming from main supply.
Which statement best describes the type of transformer used in the charger.

A Secondary and primary coil have the same number of turns

B Voltage in secondary coil is higher than in primary coil
C Primary coil has less number of turns compared to secondary coil
D Secondary coil has less number of turns compared to primary coil

ix. Infrared radiation is used for taking photographs at night. This is possible because
the wave

A gets reflected.
B is not able to penetrate.
C produce heating effect.
D is not getting scattered easily.

x. A teacher can hear students talking in the adjacent classroom. The property of sound
demonstrated is

A refraction.
B reflection.
C diffraction.
D diffusion.

xi. From the given equation, find the value of Z.

244 240
X Y + α particle
94 Z

A 90
B 92
C 93
D 95

xii. You are a scientist in NASA and your team is assigned to collect soil samples and
study the signs of life on Mars. Which of the following space mission will serve the
purpose?

A Rovers
B Orbiter Spacecraft
C Flyby Space Mission
D Human Space Mission

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 xiii. Four items are given below.

Identify the item with the least stability.

A ball
B umbrella
C hour glass
D flower vase

xiv. The figure below shows four friends lifting a heavy box using a wooden plank with
the pivot position of their choice. Who would achieve equilibrium with least force
F?

F F

Tshering Dawa

F F
Sonam Pema
A Pema
B Dawa
C Sonam
D Tshering

xv. A ball of mass 1 kg is dropped from a height of 10 m. Which quantity given below
would be maximum just before the ball hits the ground?

A weight
B aceleration
C kinetic energy
D potential energy

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 xvi. 2kg of water was heated for 15 minutes. The temperature rises from 20°C to 80°C.
How much heat was gained by the water? (Specific heat capacity of water = 1Cal
g⁻¹°C⁻¹/ 4.2J g⁻¹°C⁻¹/4200J kg⁻¹°C⁻¹)

A 504 J
B 504 Cal
C 504,000 J
D 504,000 Cal

xvii. A student plotted the following graph for three conductors L, M and N. What did
the student conclude from the graph regarding resistance of the conductors?
Choose the CORRECT statement.

A conductor M has least resistance

B conductor L has the least resistance
C conductor N has the maximum resistance
D conductor L has the maximum resistance

xviii. A transformer decreases the input voltage from 220V to 50 V. If an input current of
0.5A is flowing through the primary coil, what would be the output current?

A 0.12 A
B 0.23 A
C 2.2 A
D 4.4 A

xix. Which of the following is an example of zero work done?

A A player kicking a ball.

B Children playing on a slide.
C A man moving a box across the table.
D An athlete completing the race on a circular track.

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 xx. Using the table given below, identify the correct sequence of waves in increasing
order of frequency?

Waves Wavelength

W 2 × 10−5 𝑚

X 2 × 10−3 𝑚

Y 5 × 10−5 𝑚

Z 5 × 10−3 𝑚

A wave W < wave Y < wave X < wave Z

B wave Z < wave X < wave Y < wave W
C wave X < wave Z < wave W < wave Y
D wave Y < wave Z < wave W < wave X

xxi. Read the following statements:

I. Digital signal uses 0 and 1 to represent information
II. Digital signal bandwidth is high
III. Digital signal is denoted by sine waves

Which of the statements are correct?

A I and II
B I and III
C II and III
D All I, II and III

xxii. Study the table given below. Atom A and atom B are radioative elements emitting
two different types of radiation. Choose the correct atom with the type of ray
emitted.
Property Atom A Atom B

Ionizing power Highest Lowest

Penetrating power Lowest Highest

A Atom B and beta ray

B Atom A and alpha rays
C Atom B and alpha rays
D Atom A and gamma rays

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 xxiii. According to Newtons law of gravitation, if the mass of two objects is doubled, the
gravitational force between them

A increases by a factor of two.

B increases by a factor of four.
C decreases by a factor of two.
D decreases by a factor of four.

xxiv. Following are the implications of space exploration.

I. Economy is diverted leading to poverty
II. Finding essential minerals and elements in space
III. Increase knowledge about outer space
IV. Space travelling is expensive
V. Risk to astronauts

What are the disadvantages of space exploration?

A I, II and V
B I, IV and V
C II, III and IV
D IV and V

xxv. Study the table given below.

Substances Specific heat Capacity
(50g) (J/g°c)
Copper 0.38
Silver 0.24
Iron 0.46
Lead 0.13

If all the substances given in the table are supplied with the same amount of heat
for 20 minutes, the substance that has minimum change in temperature is

A lead.
B iron.
C silver.
D copper.

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 a) Fill in the blanks by writing suitable word/s. [5]
Marking Scheme
Criteria Marks
Correct answer 1
Wrong answer 0
Blank answer 0
i. Force that balances the unbalanced forces is called _______________________.
Ans: equilibrant
ii. The pressure exerted at equal depth in sea water is _____________________ than
in a river.
Ans: more/greater
iii. When two bodies in contact attain the same temperature, it is said to be
in___________________________equilibrium.
Ans: thermal
iv. Electric current is the rate of flow of __________________________ in a circuit.
Ans: charge
v. Wireless communication used to transfer data within the range of 10 metres is
called ______________________________.
Ans: bluetooth

b) State whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE. [5]

Marking Scheme
Criteria Marks
Writes True for correct statement and False for wrong statement 1
Writes False for correct statement and True for wrong statement 0
Leaves blank against the statement 0
Writes both the alternate responses against one statement 0
i. The acceleration of a falling body when it attains terminal velocity is TRUE
zero.
ii. Energy efficiency leads to the increase in energy imports from other FALSE
countries.
iii. The resistance of a conductor will double if its thickness is doubled. FALSE

iv. The mass number of an element remains same in beta decay since TRUE
number of protons increases and number of neutrons decreases.

v. Expansion of universe is evident from cosmological blue shift. FALSE

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 c) Match each item under Column A with the most approriate item in Column B. [5]
Write the correct alphabet in the space provided under the ‘ANSWER’ column.
Marking Scheme
Criteria Marks
Premises match correctly with responses 1
Premises match wrongly with responses 0
Leaves premises without matching to the responses 0
One premise match to more than one response 0

Answer Column A Column B

i. Five star rated appliance a. latent heat of

i. e
vaporization
ii. Explains the magnitude of pressure in a b. infrared waves
ii. c confined liquid
iii. The temperature of boiling water remains at c. Pascal’s law
iii. a 1000C till the last drop evaporates
iv. Principle of electromagnetic induction d. latent heat of
iv. h fusion
v. Waves with minimum obstruction by large e. energy effiency
v. f
structures
f. radiowaves
g. Ohm’s law

SECTION B [60 MARKS]

ATTEMPT ANY SIX QUESTIONS
Question 2

a) Two children were playing on a 6 m long see-saw plank pivoted at 2m as shown in [2]
the figure. Dema weighing 450 N sits on one end of the plank. Where should Pema
weighing 250 N sit to balance the see-saw?

Dema

Pema
2m

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 Answer:

F1 xd1  F2 xd 2
[0.5]
250 xd1  450 x 2 [0.5]
900
d1  [0.5]
250
 3.6m [0.5]

Pema should sit at 3.6 m away from the pivot on right side.

b) Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow:

i. Using Fleming’s Right Hand rule, state the direction of induced current. [1]
Answer: (i). Current will flow in the sequence ABCD [1]

ii. Name the parts denoted by X and Y. [1]

Answer: (ii) X - slip rings [0.5]

Y – Carbon brushes [0.5]

c) A radiation X is focused by a device on the bulb of a clinical thermometer and the
mercury rises rapidly.
i. Name the radiation X [1]
Answer:
i) The radiation X is infrared radiation [1]

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 ii. Write ONE property demonstrated by it in the above statement. [1]
Answer: Property : heating effect [1]

d) Why is digital signal preferred over analogue signal in telecommunication? [1]

Answer: digital signal preferred over analogue signal in telecommunication because

 Transfers more data/more bandwidth

 noise can be removed easily/clarity. ……… 0.5 for ONE POINT…… [1]

e) Give TWO safety precautions while handling a radio active substance. [1]
Ans: (ANY TWO POINTS) 0.5 x 2………………………………………….[1]

i. appropriate protective clothing like lead apron

ii. regularly check radiation level
iii. avoid eating, smoking and drinking in radioactive labs.
iv. use appropriate radioactive shield.

f) Many cosmologists believe that the universe started with a big bang. However, [2]
some of them oppose this idea. What could be the possible reasons for their
disagreement?
Answer: [ 2 marks for 2 reasons]

 It violates the law of conservation of energy which states that energy can
neither be created nor be destroyed.
 The theory says that universe was initially very hot. But where did the initial
energy come from?
 Our universe is so big in expanse and for it to be created from a singularity
(an area of almost zero volume and infinite density) is unbelievable. It also
raises a question on where did this single matter come from.
 It has failed to explain what came before Big Bang or what lies outside the
universe.

Question 3
a) Complete the following table. [2]

Picture

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 Answer: [0.5 for each]

Types of Equilibrium Stable equilibrium Neutral equilibrium

Body is said to be in stable If a body neither takes a new

equilibrium when body has an position nor regains its
Definition ability to regain its original original position when
position. displaced sligthly by an
external force
b) A mother lifts her baby having mass 15kg to a height of 2m in 2s. Calculate the [2]
power developed in lifting the baby.
Answer:
Work done = mgh
= 15kg x 9.8 ms-2 x 2m 0.5
= 294 J
𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘
Power = 0.5
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
294𝐽
Power =
2𝑠
1
= 147 W

c) Principle of calorimetry and the law of conservation of energy are similar. Do you [2]
agree? Justify?
Answer:
In case of calorimetry, heat is transferred from hot body to cold body without changing its
form. But the law of conservation of energy states that energy can be transformed from one
form to another.

OR

Principle of calorimetry deals with heat energy only, but the law of conservation of energy
deals with all forms of energy.

d) State TWO factors on which the heat produced depends on the heating effect of [1]
current.
Answer: (ANY TWO)............................... [1]
1) The strength of current flowing
2) Resistance of conductor
Time for which the current is passed through

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 e) The waves A and B have undergone modulation. Identify the wave that has [2]
undergone amplitude modulation and justify your answer.

Answer:
Wave A has undergone amplitude modulation because the amplitude of the carrier wave
has been modified according to the input signal but the frequency remains the same.
…………. [2 marks]

f) Astronauts are not able to write with a normal pen in space. Why? [1]
Answer:
Regular pens that work on Earth do not work in space because they rely on gravity for
the flow of ink to the nib. In space, there isn’t enough gravity to force the ink out, so
the pen’s reservoir needs to be pressurized. …………[1]

Question 4

a) State the principle of moments. [1]

Answer:
The principle of moments states that the total counter clockwise moment is equal to the
total clockwise moment when the body is in equilibrium. ………….[1]
OR
In equilibrium, total counter clockwise moment=total clockwise moment. ………..[1]

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 b) The engineers of a motorcycle company developed two new models of a racing [1]
motorcycle. Motorcycle A has an engine force greater than that of motor cycle B
but both can achieve the same velocity. Which motorcycle has more power?
Answer:
P= F x v………………….[0.5]
Since both have same velocity
power is directly proportional to force so greater the force, greater the power
Therefore motorcycle A has more power………………………..[0.5]

c) A brick with dimensions of 0.2 m x 0.1 m x 0.1 m weighs 60 N. What would be the [2]
minimum pressure exerted by 8 such bricks lying on the ground in a single layer
uniformly?
0.1 m

Answer:
Force = 60 N x 8 = 480N
Maximum base area= 0.2 x 0.1 = 0.02 1 m2
For 8 bricks= 0.02m2 x 8 = 0.16m2
Pressure = force/area
480N/0.16m2 1
3000 Pa

d) The picture given below shows one important rule used in electromagnetic
induction.

i. Identify the error in the diagram. [1]

Answer: i) The thumb should represent the motion/force in the conductor and the
center/middle finger should represent the induced current.

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 ii. Name the rule. [1]
Answer:
Fleming’s right hand rule

e) A radioactive substance P having a mass number of 226 and atomic number of 88

underwent alpha decay followed by two beta decay.

i. Represent the final element S with nuclide notation. [1]

Answer: 222
88 S
ii. Compare the atomic number and mass number of the mother element P and the [1]
daughter element S.
Answer:

Atomic number of both the mother and daughter element are the same i.e., 88 whereas the
mass number of the mother element is 226 and that of the daughter element is 222.

f) Differentiate between orbiter and flyby space exploration. [2]

Orbitar Spacecraft Flyby Spacecraft
Answer:
 Enters and stays in orbit around the  Does not enter the orbit of the
planet. celestial object
 Circle over the object over and over  It just passes by an object taking
again to take pictures, videos and pictures
collect data.

Question 5

a) A cat falling from a building does not get injured. Why? [2]
Answer:
Cat being lighter attains terminal velocity within a short time before reaching the ground.
Humans are heavier and reach the ground before it attains terminal velocity.
OR
They splay out their legs, which is going to expand their surface area of the body, and that
increases the drag force/air resistance

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 b) About 11% of the world's electrical energy is generated from nuclear power plants. [2]
Should Bhutan also generate nuclear energy? Justify your answer.
Answer: ……. any 2 good reasons
Yes, (1)nuclear power plants require less space. (2)It is economical as a small amount of
fuel can produce a large amount of electrical energy. (3)Nuclear fuel is easily available in
the world, so large scale production can occur. (4)It is reliable. (5) low operating cost.
(OR)
No, (1) nuclear power plants use radioactive substances which emit lots of harmful
radiation. (2) Highly technical expert is required for running the nuclear power plant.
(3)Need to wear a heavy lead apron. (4)It is also water intensive. (5)It produces lots of
radioactive waste which is hard to store. (6)There is a risk of nuclear accident. (7)Nuclear
energy is not renewable……..

c) A hydraulic lift having a piston of area 0.6m2 was exerted with a force of 40N in [2]
order to lift a load of 1000N. What will be the area of the other piston?
Answer:

Given F1 = 40 N, F2 = 1000N

A1 = 0.6 m2, A2 =?
𝐹1 𝐹2
= …… 0.5
𝐴1 𝐴2

40 N 1000N
=
0.6 m2 𝐴2

1000N
66.67 N/m2 = ….. 1
𝐴2

1000N
A2 = 66.67 N/m2

A2 = 14.99 m2 (or) 15 m2 ……….. 0.5

d)

i. Define specific heat capacity. [1]

Answer:
Specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature
of unit mass of the substance by 1˚C. OR
Specific heat capacity is the quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature per unit mass.

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 ii. Ice cubes are found to cool a juice more effectively than cold water at 00C. Give a [1]
reason.
Answer:
Ice is more effective in cooling at the same temperature because ice can absorb latent heat
as well as the heat energy therefore more head is taken from the juice by juice than water
at 00C

e) Observe the pictures given below. Identify the type of transformers. [1]

A: Step up transformer ………………….[0.5]

B: Step down transformer. ……………….[0.5]

f) In what ways are visible light and radio waves similar? Write TWO similarities [1]

Answer: (ANY TWO CORRECT ANSWERS)………….. [0.5 x 2 = 1 mark]

 They are transverse in nature i.e. they vibrate perpendicular to the direction of their
propagation.
 They do not require any material medium for their transmission i.e. they can travel
through vacuum.
 They travel with the same velocity in vacuum i.e. 3× 108 m/s.
 They undergo phenomena of reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference and
polarisation.

Question 6

a) Which truck has lesser stability? Give a reason for your choice. [2]

Truck A Truck B

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 Answer:
Identifying- truck B …….. [1]
Reason: Due to load the CG is raised higher from its original position making the truck
less stable……..…..[1]

b) State TWO factors which affect the magnitude of pressure due to solids. [1]

Answer: [TWO factors 0.5 x 2 = 1 mark]

Magnitude of force and contact area/surface area in contact

c)

i. How much heat is required to raise the temperature of 10 kg of water by 10C ? [1]
Answer:
Specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J/kg0C. This means 4200 J of heat is required to
raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 10C.
Therefore for 10 kg of water, 4200x10=42000 J of heat is required to raise the temperature
by 1 0C………………………………………[1]

ii. A bucket full of water weighing 5 kg is heated to a temperature of 80 0C. The hot [2]
water is mixed with 10 kg of cold water. The final temperature of the mixture is
400C. Calculate the initial temperature of cold water considering no heat is lost to
the surrounding. (Specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J/kg 0C)
Answer:

Heat lost by hot water = heat gained by cold water …….0.5

mxcxT  mxcxT
5 x (80  40)  10 x (40  x ) …………..0.5
200  400  10 x
200  400  10 x
200  10 x …………..0.5
200
x
10
 20 C0
…………..0.5

The initial temperature of cold water is 20 0C

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 d) Explain the process of communication over long distances using the following key [2]
words and identify the wave used.

Receiver’s phone , satellites, transmitter, receiver, caller’s phone

Answer:
Microwave……………………..[0.5]

Microwaves can pass through the atmosphere and hence can be used to send signals to the
satellites and receive the reflected signals from the satellites as well. They need
transmitters and receivers in line of sight. When phone calls are made, microwaves from
mobile phones reach the nearest transmitter tower. Then the information is relayed
through a network of transmitter towers to reach the information to the receiving
phone…………….[1.5]

e) Study the diagram and answer the following questions.

i. Name the radiation P and R. [1]

Answer: …….0.5 each x 2 = 1 mark
Ray P is Beta radiation/particle and ray R is alpha radiation/particle.

ii. Why does the ray Q not get deflected? [1]

Answer:
Because radiation Q(gamma rays) is neutral or chargeless.

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 Question 7
a)
i. A mechanic is unsuccessfully changing the tyre of a car with a wheel wrench. How [1]
should he modify the wheel wrench to increase the torque?

Wheel

Answer:
Moment of force depends on the distance of line of action of the force from the axis of
rotation. Increasing the length of the wheel wrench increases the moment/torque. Using
longer wheel wrench increases the torque. OR increase the length of the wrench.

ii. Steering wheels of heavy vehicles are usually larger. How does that help the [1]
drivers?
Answer:
Larger steering wheels have a larger distance from the axis of rotation which develops
larger moments so drivers need not apply greater force to turn the vehicle.

b) If an object is made to fall on the moon and the earth from the same height, compare [1]
the velocity of the falling object and give a reason.
Answer:
Velocity on earth is more than moon…..[0.5]
As the gravitational pull/force is more on earth compared to the moon, it will accelerate at
the higher rate……..[0.5]

c) The water supply to four houses is from the same tank as shown in the figure. [2]
The four pipes are connected around the base of the tank at the same level. Is
the pressure exerted by the water equal in all the four houses? Why?

Answer:
Yes, the pressure of water will be same in all the houses……………....[1]
since the pressure of liquid in a container is transmitted equally and undiminished in all
directions throughout the mass of the liquid. ……………………[1]

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 d) A newly constructed house was installed with electrical bulbs. Incandescent bulbs [2]
of 100W were used in the toilet and kitchen while LED bulbs of 9W were used in
other rooms. If an electric current of 220V was supplied to the house, how much
current is drawn by each type of bulbs?
Answer:
Incandescent bulb LED bulb
power(P) = 100W power(P) = 9W
Voltage(V) = 220V Voltage(V) = 220V
P = VI P = VI
𝑃 𝑃
I= I=
𝑉 𝑉
100𝑤 9𝑤
I= I=
220𝑣 220𝑣
I = 0.45A I = 0.041A

e) Compare and contrast the characteristics of gamma ray and hard X-ray. [2]

Answer: ………… 1 mark for differences and 1 mark for similarities.

Rays Gamma rays Hard X-rays

Differences  Gamma rays are produced by  Hard X-ray are produced by
radioactive nuclei accelerating electrons
 Gamma rays are  Not energetic as gamma rays
most energetic waves
Similarities  Both rays occupy the same range of electromagnetic spectrum.
 Both rays have ionizing effects causing cell damage and cancer.
 Both can be used in medical fields.

f) Is there a possibility of life on other planets? Justify your answer. [1]

Answer:
Yes, since some of the planets and moons have been detected with liquid water oceans
beneath the ice crust, presence of methane lakes, carbon dioxide, oxygen and ozone layer
which can support life.

(OR)

No, there is no strong evidence on life outside earth. All the evidence that has been put
forward is solely based on bio-markers(spectral lines) and not physical detection. So it is
not reliable.

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 Question 8
a) Two sheets of A4 size paper were used to study the nature of falling bodies. One [2]
paper was crumpled into a paper ball and the other was kept normal as given in the
diagrams below. They were dropped from a height of 100 metres.

Paper sheet Paper ball

Complete the table given below using comparing words in each row.

Quantity Paper Comparing words Paper

(equal, more than, less than)

Mass

Force exerted on the

ground

Time taken to reach the Paper Sheet Paper Ball

ground

Drag force experienced

Answer:
Mass … equal to ………..[0.5]
Force exerted on ground……. less than ……………[0.5]
Time taken to reach ground……more than …………[0.5]
Drag force experienced……….more than …………..[0.5]

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 b) Using the different methods of energy efficiency, design an energy efficient house [2]
best suited for a cold place.
Answer:

Note: The learner must write or show (with label) pictorially at least four methods for
energy efficiency.

c) Hydraulic machines act as a force multiplier. Explain with the help of a [1]
mathematical expression.
Answer: According to Pascal’s law;
pressure exerted on small piston =pressure exerted on larger piston

P1  P2
F1 F2

A1 A2
F1
F2   A2
A1
F2 A2

F1 A1

The area A2 > A1, therefore the force F2 > F1.

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 d) 1 g of ice at 00C absorbs 360 J of heat energy to convert into water at 00C. How [2]
much heat is required in bringing 1000 g of ice to boiling point? (Specific heat
capacity of water is 4.2J/g0C)
Answer:
Q=mcΔt
q= 1000 x 4.2 x 100
= 420000 J ……. From water at zero degree to 100 degree

For melting 1000 g ice

1 g = 360 J
1000 g = 360,000 J
Total energy = 360,000 J + 420,000 J = 780,000 J

e) How does high voltage drop in a circuit affect the efficiency of a machine? [1]

Answer:
If the potential drop is too high, lots of energy will be lost in the form of heat, sound
and light etc. So the efficiency of the machine will go down. This may lead to
erratic, improper or ceased operation of the machine which can damage the machine
in the long run.

f) Some schools use radioactive materials in their science laboratories to teach [2]
about radiation. Should such practices be promoted. Justify your answer.
Answer:

Yes, schools in Bhutan should use radioactive materials in teaching as students will
get hands-on experience with the real substances and get a better understanding on
the properties of alpha, beta and gamma rays.

No, because school laboratories do not have safety measures such as shielding and
protective clothing from radiation and the radioactive substances are expensive.

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 Question 9

a) Stand and clamp is used to hold a round bottom flask of liquid in four different [1]
ways in a practical class.

Which set-up shows the most stable arrangement? Give a reason.

Answer: B [0.5]

Reason: CG is at the lower part OR CG acts through the base of the stand. [0.5]

b) Study the diagram.

i. What is the resultant force on the plane and the car? [1]
Answer: Plane: 20000-7000=13000 N …..0.5

Car: 2000-2000=0 N …… 0.5

ii. Which body is at equilibrium? [1]

Answer: Car. ……..(1)

c) Bhutan should not depend on hydropower as a single source of energy. Explain one [2]
alternative source of energy with THREE minimal impact on the environment.
Answer: solar energy or wind energy or Bioenergy;......................(any one).....[0.5]

Both energy sources have positive implications such as reduction of the emissions of
greenhouse gases, reclamation of degraded land, reduction of required transmission lines,
absence of any air emissions or waste products during their operation……………any
three points [1.5]

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 OR

Bioenergy; the use of biogas helps in reducing the emission of harmful gas into the
atmosphere, it is a renewable energy source, biomass is low in Sulphur so lowered Sulphur
dioxide emissions.

d) Calculate Q and R to complete the table for transformers A and B. [2]

Transformer Ns:Np Vs Vp

A 10:1 Q 16

B 12:3 60 R

𝑉𝑠 𝑁𝑠
Answer: = 𝑁𝑝 …………… 0.5
𝑉𝑝

𝑄 10
=
16 1

Q = 16 x 10 = 160 V ………. 0.5

60 12
= …………...0.5
𝑅 3

60 ×3
𝑅= = 15 𝑉 ……….…0.5
12

e) Pregnant women are advised not to do X-rays unless it is required. Why? [2]
Answer:

 the X-rays have high frequency, high ionizing and penetrating power ……mention
any one property………………[1]
 Reason: If a pregnant woman does an X-ray, it may penetrate through the womb
and affect the fetus of the developing baby leading to mutation of the cell. This
may cause complications to the baby’s health………….…… [1]

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 f) Optical fiber is better than copper cables for wired communication. Do you agree? [1]
Justify with ONE reason.
Agree:

Greater bandwidth & faster speed

The large amount of information that can be transmitted per unit of optical fiber cable

Disagree:
Optical fiber is fragile and more vulnerable to damage compared to copper wires.

The distance between the transmitter and receiver should keep short or repeaters are
needed to boost the signal.

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