Gerontology – is the broad term used to nursing with rehabilitation concepts and

define the study of aging and/or the aged. practice.

This includes the biopsychosocial aspects
of aging. 4. Gerontological Nursing – falls within the
discipline of nursing and the scope of
nursing practice..
Older Age Group Division:
Roles of the Gerontological Nurse
1. Young Old – (Ages 65-74) 1. Provider of Care
2. Teacher
2. Middle Old – (75-84) 3. Manager
4. Advocate
3. Old old – (85 and up) 5. Research Consumer

CERTIFICATION
Geriatrics – is often used as generic term
To provide competent, current care to
relating to the aged, but specifically refers to
elders, nurses need to have gerontological
medical care of the aged.
nursing content in their basic undergraduate
Types of Gerontology nursing curricula and are encouraged to
1. Social Gerontology – is concerned mainly become certified in
with the social aspects of aging versus the gerontological nursing.
biological or psychological.
● Geropsychology– is a branch of Nurse Certification – is a formal process
psychology concerned with helping by which a certifying agency validates a
older persons and their families nurse’s knowledge, skills, and
maintain well-being, overcome competencies through a written examination
problems, and achieve maximum in a specialty area of practice.
potential during later life.
● Geropharmacology – is the study of Levels of Certification
pharmocology as it relates to older 1. Generalist Level – the generalist in
adults. gerontological nursing has completed a
basic entry-level program in nursing which
2. Financial Gerontology – is another can be a diploma in nursing, or an associate
emerging subfield that combines knowledge or bachelor of science degree in
of financial planning ang services with a Nursing.
special expertise in the needs of older
adults. Cutler (2004) defines financial 2. Advanced Certification – the ANCC offers
gerontology as “the intellectual intersection 2 separate advanced practice certification
of two fields, gerontology and finance, each exams in gerontological nursing.
of which has practitioner and academic • Clinical Specialist in Gerontological
components” Nursing
• Gerontological Nurse Practitioner
3. Gerontological Rehabilitation Nursing–
combines expertise in gerontological
Core Competencies – Skills, Knowledge 1975 – First Nursing Journal for the Care of
and Attitude Older Adults Published: Journal of
Gerontological Nursing by Slack, Inc.
HISTORY OF GERONTOLOGICAL
NURSING 1976 – ANA Geriatric Nursing Division
changes name to Gerontological Nursing
1902 – American Journal of Nursing Division. ANA publishes Standards of
published the first Geriatric Article by an Gerontological Nursing.
MD.
1977 – KELLOGG Foundation funds
1904 – American Journal of Nursing Geriatric Nurse Practioner Certificate
published the first Geriatric Article by an Education. First Gerontological Nursing
RN. Track funded by the Division of Nursing at
The University of Kansas.
1925 – American Journal of Nursing
considered Geriatric Nursing as a potential 1979 – First National Conference on
specialty. Gerontological Nursing sponsored by the
Journal of Gerontological Nursing.
1950 – First Geriatric Nursing Textbook
(Geriatric Nursing, Newton), published 1980 – AJN publishes Geriatric Nursing
Journal Education for Geriatric Nurses by
1952 – First Geriatric Nursing Study Gunter and Estes suggests curricula for all
published in Nursing Research. levels of nursing education ANA establishes
Council of Long Term Care Nurses.
1961 – ANA recommends specialty group
for Geriatric Nurses 1980 – First Robert Wood Johnson (RWJ)
Foundation grants for health-impaired
1962 – ANA holds first National Nursing elders given (eight in the United States).
Meeting on Geriatric Nursing Practice
1981 – First International Conference on
1966 – ANA forms a Geriatric Nursing Gerontological Nursing sponsored by the
Division “First Gerontological Clinical Nurse International Council of Nursing (Los
Specialist Master’s Program begins at Duke Angeles, California)
University.
2008 – Geriatric Nursing Journal Celebrates
1968 – First RN (Gunter) presents at the 30 years Journal of Gerontological Nursing
International Congress of Gerontology. 1970 Research emerges.
– ANA creates the Standards of Practice for
Geriatric Nursing.

1973 – ANA offers the first generalist

certification in gerontological nursing (74
nurses certified).
Attitudes Towards Aging and Older
Adults 6. Global health care
7. Health care systems and policy
Ageism – the negative attitudes toward
aging or older adults. Role Development
1. Provider of Care
Roles of the Gerontological Nurse 2. Designer/manager/Coordinator of care
3. Member of a profession
1. Provider of Care
2. Teacher What is Aging?
3. Manager • Ageing (British English) or aging
4. Advocate (American English) is the process of
5. Research Consumer becoming older. In the narrow sense, the
term refers to biological ageing of human
Places for the Gerontogical Nurse to beings, animals and other organisms. In the
Care broader sense, ageing can refer to single
1. Acute Care Hospital cells within an organism or to the population
2. Acute Rehabilitation of a species.
3. Home Health Care
4. Long Term Care Facility
5. Skilled Nursing Facilities Chronological age is the number of years
6. Alzheimer’s Care you've been alive, while biological age
7. Hospice refers to how old your cells and tissues are
8. Respite Care based on physiological evidence.
9. Continuing Care Retirement Community
(CCRC) 5 STAGES OF AGING
10. Assisted Living
11. Foster Care or Group Homes Stage 1: Self-sufficiency |Age 55 – at this
12. Green House Concept stage it’s time to:
13. Adult Daycare
● Assess where one lives and ask if it
Core Competencies will support your needs later.
1. Critical Thinking ● At this point, the senior is entirely
2. Communication self-reliant. They live independently
3. Assessment and can complete their activities of
4. Technical Skills daily living with ease.
● Learn the costs of long-term care
Core Knowledge and the ways to cover them.
1. Health promotion, risk reduction, and ● At this stage, family members should
disease prevention encourage their loved one to
2. Illness and disease management continue with their healthy habits in
3. Information and health care technologies order to maintain their
4. Ethics independence.
5. Human Diversity Stage 2: Interdependence
 ● your aging loved one will require QUESTIONS:
some support and assistance.
● they can still live alone safely and GERONTOLOGY 1. It is multidisciplinary
can complete most of their usual and is concerned with physical, mental, and
activities without help. However, they social aspects and implications of aging.
do need some degree of care from
family or friends. GERIATRICS 2. is a medical specialty
● A slight cognitive decline is expected focused on care and treatment of older
● Emotional support is more important persons
than ever
AGING/AGEING 3. The progressive,
Stage 3: Dependency generalized impairment of function resulting
● supportive living in a loss of adaptive response to stress and
● Your loved one relies on others for a growing risk of morbidity and mortality.
help with activities of daily living.
● Cognitive decline, physical health BIOLOGICAL AGE 4. in the definition of
problems, or a combination of the "old", biological age refers to how old a
two create immediate safety risks or person seems
prevent them from completing their
ADL. GEROPHARMACOLOGY 5. It is the study
of pharmacology as it relates to how old a
Stage 4: Crisis management/Complex person seems
care
● Your loved one needs more help GEROPSYCHOLOGY 6. is a branch of
than what the family can give. psychology concerned with helping older
● immediate medical support. persons and their families maintain
● They must either live in a skilled well-being, overcome problems, and
nursing facility or receive extensive achieve maximum potential during later life.
professional care at home.
ADJUSTING TO RETIREMENT 7. A nurse
Stage 5: Finale/ End of life is caring for an older adult. Which goal is
● Your loved one must have 24/7 care. priority?
● last stage in the aging process.
● senior is nearing their final days. GERIATRIC NURSING 8. Nursing care of
● Some older adults choose to stop the aged patient given in
receiving medical treatment and the home, the hospital, or special
enter hospice care institutions such as nursing homes,
● others wish to continue receiving the psychiatric institutions, etc.
same services.
● the goal at this stage is for the older PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES 9. Which of
adult to feel as comfortable as the following occur with aging in all organ
possible. system?
NORMAL AGEING 10. Which of the ADVISER 21. The following are the roles of
following is the result of a complex process gerontological nurse EXCEPT:
that is progressive in nature, in the absence
of disease. CROSS-LINKAGE THEORY 22. Which of
the following Theory proposes that as a
INDEPENDENCE 11. This stage lasts person ages and the immune system
through their 50s and 60s. They can handle becomes less efficient, the body's defense
everyday needs of their own. mechanism cannot remove the cross-linking
agent before it becomes securely
FINALE/END OF LIFE 12. Which of the established.
following is the final stage of aging
(if wala; CRISIS MGT) AUTOIMMUNE THEORY 23. Which of the
following Theory is programmed to decline
The importance of maintaining a sense overtime, which leads to an increased
of identity and purpose in later life 13. vulnerability to infectious disease and thus
What is the main focus of the continuity aging and death
theory of aging?
HAYFLICK LIMIT THEORY 24. Which of
1975 14. Which of the following year is the the following theory is the number of times a
First Nursing Journal for the Care of Older normal somatic, differentiated human cell
Adults published: Journal of Gerontological population will divide before cell division
Nursing by Slack, Inc stop

1979 15. Which of the following year of the CONTINUITY THEORY 25. Which of the
First National Conference on Gerontological following Theory is a psychosocial
Nursing sponsored by the Journal of conceptual framework to study explaining
Gerontological Nursing. how people develop in old age.

1973 16. Which of the following year ANA physiological, safety,love,esteem,

offers the first generalist certification in self-actualization 26. Which is the order of
gerontological nursing (7 nurses qualified). needs, from bottom to top?

HOSPICE 17-20. What are the places for SELF-ACTUALIZATION 27. What is the
gerontological nurse to care for? SATA ultimate goal that is achieved through the
progression of Maslow's Hierarchy of
• Assisted Living Needs?
• Short Term Care Facility
• Long Term Care Facility What motivates people to do the things
• Foster care they do 28. Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of
• Hospice needs theory is about:
• Chronic Care Hospital
• School Daycare AGE STRATIFICATION THEORY 29.
Which of the following theory is a
conceptual framework for exploring both
how individuals age over the life course and
what meaning is given to age in a society 1961 8. In what year was the ANA
recommends specialty group for
BIOLOGICAL THEORY 30. Which of the Geriatric Nurses
following theory used as an explanation for
phenomena pertaining to the life sciences or
1962 9. In what year was the ANA holds
study of living organisms.
first National Nursing Meeting on
Geriatric Nursing Practice
FROM QUIZ 1
LEADER 10. The following are the
GERONTOLOGY 1. It is the broad term Roles of the Gerontological Nurse
used to define the study of aging and/or the EXCEPT:
aged. This includes the biopsychosocial Teacher
aspects of aging. Leader
Manager
GERIATRICS 2. It is often used as generic
Advocate
term relating to the aged, but specifically
refers to medical care of the aged.

GEROPSYCHOLOGY 3. It is a branch of
psychology concerned with helping older
persons and their families maintain
well-being, overcome problems, and
achieve maximum potential during later life.

GEROPHARMACOLOGY 4. It is the study

of pharmacology as it relates to older adults.

GERIATRICS NURSING 5. The following

are Types of Gerontology EXCEPT:
Geriatrics Nursing
Gerontological Nursing
Social Gerontology
Financial Gerontology

1904 6. In what year was the American

Journal of Nursing published in the first
Geriatric Article by an RN.

1902 7. In what year was the American

Journal of Nursing published in the first
Geriatric Article by an MD.
 continued use and environmental stressors
ESSAY The Hayflick Limit Theory of Aging: where vital parts in our cells and tissues
An In-depth Exploration wear out resulting in ageing. According to
this theory, the human body is analogous to
The Hayflick Limit Theory, proposed by a mechanical system, such as a car or an
American anatomist Leonard Hayflick in appliance, which eventually wears out after
1961 provides insight into cellular aging and prolonged use. As cells divide and carry out
its role in the overall aging process. This their functions, they accumulate damage
theory falls under Non-stochastic, from various sources, including physical
particularly the Programmed Theory, where stress, exposure to toxins, radiation, free
it says that as people age, more of their radicals, and other environmental factors.
cells start to decide commit suicide or stop Over time, the ability of cells and tissues to
dividing. The Hayflick Phenomenon or repair this damage diminishes, leading to
Human Fibroblast Replicative Senescence the gradual decline in physiological function
Model, suggests that cells divide until they that characterizes aging.
can no longer divide, whereupon the cell’s
infrastracture recognizes this inability to The Wear and Tear Theory of Aging
further divide and triggers the apoptosis provides valuable insights into the aging
sequence or death of the cell. process by emphasizing the role of
environmental and lifestyle factors in
In a lighter sense, Hayflick Limit theory influencing longevity. It suggests that
posits that normal somatic cells have a finite exposure to harmful agents such as
capacity for replication. According to this pollution, poor diet, smoking, and physical
theory, cells undergo a limited number of inactivity can accelerate the aging process
divisions, typically around 40 to 60 times, by increasing the rate of cellular and tissue
before entering a state of irreversible growth damage.
arrest known as cellular senescence.
For instance, in osteoarthritis, the repetitive
In summary, The Hayflick Limit Theory of stress on joints leads to the gradual wear
Aging provides a foundational and degradation of cartilage, reflecting the
understanding of cellular aging by mechanical wear and tear principle.
highlighting the finite replicative capacity of
somatic cells and the role of telomere Cells that Cannot Be Replaced by Wear and
shortening in driving cellular senescence or Tear
cell death. a. Heart muscle b. Neurons
c. Striated muscle d. Brain

The Wear and Tear Theory of Aging: An Excessive wear and tear due to exercising
Exploration under Stochastic Theories may accelerate aging by causing increased
free radical production, which supports the
The Wear and Tear Theory, first proposed idea that no one theory of aging
by German biologist August Weismann in incorporates all the causes of aging, but
1882, suggests that aging results from the rather a combination of factors is
cumulative damage to body systems due to responsible.