Luminescent Materials and their Application Areas

Chemical Composition Application Areas

3+
Al2O3:Cr Laser gain media (694 nm), NIR imaging, gemstones
Al2O3:Ti3+ Laser gain media (650 – 1100 nm), gemstones
(Ba,Sr)2SiO4:Eu2+ LEDs (green)
Ba2LiSi7AlN12:Eu2+ LEDs (515 nm)
Ba2Si5N8:Eu2+ LEDs (580 nm)
Ba3(PO4)2:Eu2+ Storage screens
Ba5GeO4Br6:Eu2+ Storage screens
Ba5SiO4Br6:Eu2+ Storage screens
Ba(F,Br):Eu2+ Storage screens
Ba(F,Cl):Eu2+ X‐ray intensifying screens
BaAl8O13:Eu2+ Color 80 FLs (478 nm)
BaAl12O19:Eu2+ Color 80 FLs (440 nm)
BaAl12O19:Mn2+ PDPs (green pixel)
BaF2 Crystals for high performance calorimeters
BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ FLs(color 80), PDPs (blue pixel), DB Xe discharge lamps
BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+,Mn2+ FLs (color 90), PDPs (green pixel), DB Xe discharge lamps
BaSi2O5:Pb2+ FLs for tanning (350 nm)
BaSi7N10:Eu2+ LEDs (blue)
Bi4Ge3O12 PET detectors, scintillator screens
Ca2MgSi2O7:Eu2+,Nd3+ Long afterglow screens (green)
Ca2Si5N8:Eu2+ LEDs (red)
Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl):Sb3+ FLs („haloblue“)
Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl):Sb3+,Mn2+ FLs (color 70, „halophosphate lamps“)
CaAl2O4:Eu2+,Nd3+ Long afterglow screens (440 nm: blue)
CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ LEDs (650 nm: deep red)
(Ca,Mg)SiO3:Mn2+ CRT screens (yellow)
(Ca,Sr)AlSiN3:Eu2+ LEDs (red)
(Ca,Sr)2SiO4:Eu2+ LEDs (orange)
CaS:Ce3+,Na+ LEDs (green)
CaS:Ce3+,Sm3+ Storage screens
CaS:Eu2+ DCPEL, LEDs, EL displays (red pixel)
CaS:Eu2+,Sm3+ Storage screens
CaS:Eu2+,Tm3+ Long afterglow screens (red)
CaS:Mn2+ DCPEL, EL displays (green pixel)
CaSc2O4:Eu2+ LEDs (green)
CaSiO3:Mn2+,Pb2+ Storage screens (orange)
CaWO4 X‐ray intensifying screens
CaWO4:Pb2+ X‐ray intensifying screens
CaZnGe2O6:Mn2+ Long afterglow screens (red)
CdSe QD LED LCD Displays (red)
CdWO4 Scintillator screens
Cd2B2O5:Mn2+ FLs (626 nm, mid 20th century)

Prof. Dr. Thomas Jüstel, Münster University of Applied Sciences ‐ 1/5 ‐

 CeF3 Crystals for high performance calorimeters
CeMgAl11O19:Tb3+ Color 80 FLs (544 nm)
CsI Crystals for high performance calorimeters
CsI:Na+ Scintillator screens
CsI:Tl+ CT detectors
Ga2O3:Eu EL displays (red pixel)
Gd2O2S:Eu3+ X‐Ray intensifying screens
Gd2O2S:Pr3+,Ce3+ X‐Ray intensifying screens
Gd2O2S:Tb3+ Low‐voltage CRTs, FEDs (green pixel)
Gd2SiO5:Ce3+ PET detectors, scintillator screens
Gd2SiO5:Tb3+ X‐Ray intensifying screens
Gd3Ga5O12:Ce3+,Cr3+ CT detectors
Gd3Ga5O12:Tb3+ X‐Ray intensifying screens
Gd3Sc2Al3O12:Sm3+ Laser gain media (red)
GdAlO3:Cr3+ NIR medical imaging and therapy
GdMgB5O10:Ce3+ FLs (cosmetic, UV‐A)
GdMgB5O10:Ce3+,Tb3+ Color 80 FLs (544 nm)
GdMgB5O10:Ce3+,Tb3+,Mn2+ Color 90 FLs (630 nm)
GdTaO4:Eu3+ X‐Ray intensifying screens (red)
GdTaO4:Tb3+ X‐Ray intensifying screens (green)
InBO3:Eu3+ Low‐voltage CRTs (orange pixel)
InBO3:Tb3+ Low‐voltage CRTs (green pixel)
K2SiF6:Mn4+ LEDs (631 nm)
KMgF3:Mn2+ CRTs (orange pixel)
KY3F10:Pr3+ Laser gain media
La2O2S:Tb3+ Low‐voltage CRTs (green pixel)
La3Si6N11:Ce3+ LEDs (yellow)
LaB3O6:Gd3+,Bi3+ FLs for medical purposes (311 nm)
LaBO3:Sm3+ Security marking
LaF3:Ce3+ Scintillator screens
LaMgAl11O19:Ce3+ FLs for cosmetic or medical purposes (345 nm)
LaOBr:Tb3+ Low‐voltage CRTs (green pixel)
LaOBr:Tm3+ X‐ray intensifying screens (blue)
LaPO4:Ce3+ Cosmetic and medical FLs (320 nm)
LaPO4:Ce3+,Tb3+ Color 80 FLs (544 nm)
LiAlO2:Fe3+ FLs (plant growth)
LiEuMo2O8:Eu3+ LEDs (615 nm)
LiYF4:Pr3+ Laser gain media
Lu2SiO5:Ce3+ PET detectors, scintillator screens
Lu2Si2O7:Ce3+ PET detectors, scintillator screens
LuAlO3:Ce3+ PET detectors, scintillator screens
Lu3Al5O12:Ce3+ LEDs, PET detectors, scintillator screens
Lu3Al5O12:Er3+ Laser gain media, luminescent marker
Lu3Al5O12:Eu3+ Luminescent marker
Lu3Al5O12:Nd3+ Laser gain media
Lu3Al5O12:Pr3+ UV‐B lamps (310 nm), PET detectors
LuPO4:Ce3+ PET detectors, Scintillator screens
Prof. Dr. Thomas Jüstel, Münster University of Applied Sciences ‐ 2/5 ‐
 MgSiO3:Eu2+,Dy3+,Mn2+ Long afterglow screens (red)
Mg2SnO4:Mn2+ Long afterglow screens (cyan)
Mg13As2O18:Mn4+ HP Hg discharge lamps, FLs (655 nm: red decoration)
Mg8Ge2O11F2:Mn4+ HP Hg discharge lamps, FLs (660 nm: red decoration)
MgF2:Mn2+ Radar screens (orange)
MgS:Eu2+ CRT screens (orange ), Dosimeters
MgWO4 X‐ray intens. screens, CRTs, FLs (480 nm, mid 20th century)
NaI:Tl+ PET detectors, Scintillator screens
NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ Up‐Converter crystals (green)
NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+ Up‐Converter crystals (blue)
RbBr:Tl+ Storage screens
ScBO3:Tb3+ CRTs (green pixel)
Sr2Al6O11:Eu2+ Color 90 FLs (492 nm)
Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+,Nd3+ Long afterglow screens (blue)
Sr2MgSi2O7:Pb2+ FLs (cosmetic, UV‐A)
Sr2P2O7:Eu2+ FLs (Photocopy lamps, violet)
Sr2SiO4:Eu2+,Dy3+ Long afterglow screens (orange)
Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ LEDs (620 nm)
Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+,Yb2+ Long afterglow screens (red)
(Sr,Mg)(PO4)3:Sn2+ HP Hg discharge lamps (orange‐red)
(Sr,Zn)(PO4)3:Sn2+ HP Hg discharge lamps (orange‐red)
Sr3Gd2Si6O18:Pb2+,Mn2+ FLs (green)
Sr4Al14O25:Eu2+,Dy3+ Color 90 FLs (490 nm), long AG screens (cyan)
Sr5(PO4)3Cl:Eu2+ Color 80 FLs (445 nm)
SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ Long afterglow screens (520 nm)
SrAl12O19:Ce3+,Na+ Cosmetic FLs (300 nm)
SrAl12O19:Sm3+ Security marking, NIR imaging
SrB4O7:Eu2+ Blacklight lamps, Cosmetic FLs (368 nm)
SrB4O7:Sm2+ Security marking
SrGa2O4:Pr3+ EL displays (red pixel)
SrGa2O4:Tm3+ EL displays (blue pixel)
SrGa2S4:Ce3+,Na+ Flying‐spot scanner tubes (blue)
SrGa2S4:Eu2+ ACTFEL, LEDs, EL displays (green pixel)
SrGa2S4:Pb2+ Flying‐spot scanner tubes (orange)
SrLiAl3N4:Eu2+ LEDs (650 nm)
SrMgSi3N4:Eu2+ LEDs (615 nm)
SrS:Ce3+ DCPEL, EL displays (green pixel)
SrS:Eu2+ LEDs, EL displays (red pixel)
SrS:Eu2+,Sm3+ Storage screens
SrSc2O4:Eu Long afterglow screens (686 nm)
Tb3Al5O12:Ce3+ LEDs (yellow)
Y2O3:Eu3+ Color 80 FLs (611 nm), FEDs, PDPs (red pixel)
(Y,Gd)2O3:Eu3+,Pr3+ CT Detectors, CL lamps, PDPs (red pixel)
Y2O2S:Eu3+ CRTs, FEDs (red pixel: 627 nm)
Y2O2S:Yb3+,Er3+ Up‐Converter (green)
Y2SiO5:Ce3+ Low‐voltage CRTs (blue pixel), storage screens
Y2SiO5:Ce3+,Sm3+ Storage screens
Prof. Dr. Thomas Jüstel, Münster University of Applied Sciences ‐ 3/5 ‐
 Y2SiO5:Ce3+,Tb3+ HP Hg discharge lamps
Y2SiO5:Tb3+ Low‐voltage CRTs (green pixel)
Y2Si2O7:Ce3+ Flying spot scanner, Beam index tubes
Y2W3O12:Eu3+ Low‐voltage CRTs (red pixel)
Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ LEDs, color 90 FLs, HP Hg and DB Xe discharge lamps
(Y,Gd)3Al5O12:Ce3+ LEDs (yellow)
Y3(Al,Ga)5O12:Ce3+ LEDs, Low‐voltage CRTs (green pixel)
Y3Al5O12:Er3+ Laser gain media (IR: 1.56 µm), Luminescent marker
Y3Al5O12:Eu3+ Luminescent marker
Y3(Al,Ga)5O12:Tb3+ FEDs (green pixel)
Y3Al5O12:Ho3+ Laser gain media (NIR)
Y3Al5O12:Nd3+ Laser gain media (NIR)
Y3(Al,Ga)5O12:Nd3+ Laser gain media (NIR)
Y3Al5O12:Pr3+ UV‐B Lamps (320 nm)
Y3Al5O12:Tb3+ Low‐voltage CRTs (green pixel)
Y3(Al,Ga)5O12:Tb3+ Low‐voltage CRTs (green pixel)
Y3Al5O12:Yb3+ Laser gain media (NIR)
Y3(Al,Ga)5O12:Yb3+ Laser gain media (NIR)
(Y,Gd)BO3:Eu3+ PDPs (red pixel), DB Xe discharge lamps
(Y,Gd)BO3:Tb3+ PDPs (green pixel ), DB Xe discharge lamps
YAlO3:Ce3+ PET detectors, scintillator screens (blue)
YPO4:Bi3+ DB Xe discharge lamps (disinfection, UV‐C)
YPO4:Ce3+ FLs (cosmetic, UV‐A)
YPO4:Nd3+ DB Xe discharge lamps (photolysis, VUV)
YTaO4:Nb5+ X‐Ray intensifying screens
YTaO4:Tm3+ X‐Ray intensifying screens
YVO4 PDPs (blue pixel)
YVO4:Eu3+ HP Hg discharge lamps, CRTs (red pixel: 615 nm)
YVO4:Nd3+ Laser gain media (NIR)
Y(V,P)O4:Eu3+ HP Hg discharge lamps, PDPs (red pixel: 615 nm)
Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ Color 80 FLs (525 nm), CRTs, FEDs, PDPs (green pixel)
(Zn,Be)2SiO4:Mn2+ FLs (mid 20th century)
Zn2(Si,Ge)O4:Mn2+ EL Displays (green pixel)
Zn3(PO4)2:Mn2+ CRTs (red pixel)
ZnGa2O4:Mn2+ EL Displays (cyan)
ZnO:Zn0 CRTs, EL (green pixel)
ZnS:Ag+ CRTs, FEDs (blue pixel: 450 nm)
(Zn,Cd)S:Ag+ CRTs (green pixel)
(Zn,Cd)S:Ag+ CRTs (red pixel)
ZnS:Cu+,Al3+,Au+ ACPEL, CRTs (green pixel)
ZnS:Cu+,Co3+ Long afterglow screens (green)
ZnS:Mn2+ ACPEL, EL Displays (yellow pixel)
(Zn,Cd)S:Mn2+ ACPEL, EL Displays (yellow pixel)
ZnS:Tb3+ ACTFEL screens (green)
ZnWO4 Scintillator screens

Prof. Dr. Thomas Jüstel, Münster University of Applied Sciences ‐ 4/5 ‐

Abbreviations
ACPEL Alternating Current Powder Electro Luminescence
ACTFEL Alternating Current Thin Film Electro Luminescence
AG Afterglow
CFL Compact Fluorescent Lamp
CL Cathode Luminescence
CRT Cathode‐Ray Tube
CT Computed Tomography
DB Dielectric Barrier
DCPEL During Current Powder Electro Luminescence
DCTFEL During Current Thin Film Electro Luminescence
EL Electro Luminescence
EUV Extreme Ultra‐Violet (10 ‐ 100 nm)
FED Field Emission Display
FIR Far Infra‐Red (50 ‐ 1000 µm)
FL Fluorescent Lamp
HP High‐Pressure
IR‐A Infra‐Red A (700 – 1400 nm)
IR‐B Infra‐Red B (1400 – 3000 nm)
IR‐C Infra‐Red A (3000 nm – 1000 µm)
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LD Laser Diode
LED Light Emitting Diode
LP Low‐Pressure
MIR Mid Infra‐Red (3 ‐ 50 µm)
MP Medium‐Pressure
NIR Near Infra‐Red (0.7 ‐ 3 µm)
OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode
PDP Plasma Display Panel
PET Positron Emission Tomography
PL Photo Luminescence
QD Quantum Dot
UC Up‐Conversion
UV Ultra‐Violet
UV‐A Ultra‐Violet A (320 – 400 nm)
UV‐B Ultra‐Violet B (280 – 320 nm)
UV‐C Ultra‐Violet C (200 – 280 nm)
VUV Vacuum Ultra‐Violet (100 – 200 nm)

Prof. Dr. Thomas Jüstel, Münster University of Applied Sciences ‐ 5/5 ‐