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Blackwell’s
Five‐Minute
Veterinary
Consult:
Reptile and
Amphibian
Blackwell’s
Five‐Minute
Veterinary
Consult
Reptile and Amphibian

First Edition
Edited by
Javier G. Nevarez, DVM, PhD, DACZM,
DECZM (Herpetology)
Louisiana State University
Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA


This edition first published 2022
© 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording
or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material
from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

The right of Javier G. Nevarez to be identified as the author of the editorial material in this work
has been asserted in accordance with law.

Registered Office
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA

Editorial Office
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Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty


The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding,
and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or
promoting scientific method, diagnosis, or treatment by physicians for any particular patient.
In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations,
and the constant flow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices,
the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or
instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

Names: Nevarez, Javier G., 1976– editor.


Title: Blackwell’s five-minute veterinary consult. Reptile and amphibian /
edited by Javier G. Nevarez.
Other titles: Five-minute veterinary consult. Reptile and amphibian
Description: First edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell, 2022. |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020050273 (print) | LCCN 2020050274 (ebook) | ISBN
9781119233725 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119233855 (adobe pdf ) | ISBN
9781119233862 (epub)
Subjects: MESH: Reptiles | Amphibians | Animal Diseases | Handbook
Classification: LCC SF997.5.R4 (print) | LCC SF997.5.R4 (ebook) | NLM SF
997.5.R4 | DDC 639.3/9–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020050273
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020050274

Cover Design: Wiley


Cover Images: © Che_Tina_Plant/Getty Images, © filo/Getty Images, Wiley

Set in 9/10pt Adobe Garamond by Straive, Pondicherry, India

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
I dedicate this book to my wife, Leslie, and my daughters, Emma, Evi, and Peeps, for reminding me what is
important in life and keeping me grounded. I also dedicate it to all the reptiles and amphibians that have
afforded me the opportunity to learn from them in a clinical and research setting.
Contents

Contributors xv
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xix
About the Companion Website xxi

Section I: Introduction
Introduction to Reptile Medicine 2
Anatomy and Physiology of Reptiles 4
UVB Lighting Principles for Captive Reptiles 8
Anatomy and Physiology of Amphibians 11
UVB Lighting Principles for Captive Amphibians 13

Section II: Chelonians


Abscesses 18
Adenovirus 20
Anemia 22
Anorexia 24
Aural Abscesses 26
Balantidium 28
Buphthalmos 29
Cardiac Disease 31
Cloacal Prolapse 33
Conjunctivitis 35
Cryptosporidium 37
Diarrhea 39
Dystocia 41
Egg Yolk Coelomitis 43
Eimeria 45
Entamoeba 47
Exophthalmia 49
Follicular Stasis 50
Gout 52
Hepatic Lipidosis 54
Herpesviruses 56
Hexamita 58
Hyperglycemia 59
Hypervitaminosis A 60
Hypoglycemia 62
Hypovitaminosis A 63
Hypovitaminosis B 65

ix
Iridoviruses 66
Isospora 68
Leukemia 69
Lower Respiratory Tract Diseases 70
Lymphoma 73
Mycobacteriosis 74
Mycoplasmosis 76
Myiasis 78
Nannizziopsis Mycoses 79
Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism 80
Nyctotherus 82
Other Hyalohyphomycoses 83
Oxyurids 84
Papillomavirus 85
Pentastomes 86
Phaeohyphomycoses 88
Phallus Prolapse 89
Pseudogout 91
Regurgitation 92
Renal Secondary Hyperparathyroidism 94
Salmonellosis 96
Saprolegniasis 99
Septicemic Cutaneous Ulcerative Disease (SCUD) 100
Shell Fractures 102
Squamous Cell Carcinoma 104
Stomatitis 106
Thermal Burns 108
Ticks 110
Upper Respiratory Tract Disease 112
Urolithiasis 114
Vomiting 117
Weight Loss 119
Yeast Infections 121

Section III: Lizards


Abscesses 124
Adenovirus 126
Anemia 128
Anorexia 130
Balantidium 132
Buphthalmos 133
Cardiac Disease 134
Carotid Aneurysm 136
Cloacal Prolapse 137
Conjunctivitis 139
Cryptosporidium 141
Diarrhea 143
Dysecdysis 145
Dystocia 147
Egg Yolk Coelomitis 149
Eimeria 151

x
Entamoeba 153
Exophthalmia 155
Follicular Stasis 156
Gastric Neuroendocrine Carcinomas 158
Giardia 160
Gout 162
Hemipene Prolapse 164
Hepatic Lipidosis 166
Hyperglycemia 168
Hypervitaminosis A 169
Hypoglycemia 171
Hypovitaminosis A 172
Hypovitaminosis B 174
Iridoviruses 175
Isospora 177
Leukemia 178
Lower Respiratory Tract Disease 179
Lymphoma 181
Metarhizium Infection 182
Microsporidiosis 183
Mites 184
Mycobacteriosis 186
Nannizziopsis Mycoses 188
Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism 189
Nyctotherus 191
Other Hyalohyphomycoses 192
Oxyurids 193
Papillomavirus 194
Paranannizziopsis Mycoses Tuatara 195
Pentastomids 196
Phaeohyphomycoses 198
Pseudogout 199
Regurgitation 200
Renal Secondary Hyperparathyroidism 202
Salmonellosis 204
Squamous Cell Carcinoma 206
Stomatitis 208
Thermal Burns 210
Ticks 212
Upper Respiratory Tract Disease 214
Urolithiasis 216
Vomiting 218
Weight Loss 220
Yeast Infections 222

Section IV: Snakes


Adenovirus 224
Anemia 226
Anorexia 228
Balantidium 230

xi
Buphthalmos 231
Cardiac Disease 232
Chlamydiosis 234
Cloacal Prolapse 235
Cryptosporidium 237
Diarrhea 239
Dysecdysis 240
Dystocia 242
Egg Yolk Coelomitis 244
Eimeria 246
Entamoeba 248
Follicular Stasis 250
Gout 252
Hemipene Prolapse 253
Hepatic Lipidosis 255
Hyperglycemia 257
Hypoglycemia 258
Inclusion Body Disease 259
Iridovirus 261
Isospora 263
Leukemia 264
Lower Respiratory Tract Disease 265
Lymphoma 268
Mites 269
Mycobacterosis 271
Nyctotherus 273
Ophidiomycosis 274
Oxyurids 275
Papillomavirus 276
Paramyxovirus 277
Paranannizziopsis Mycoses 279
Pentastomids 280
Phaeohyphomycoses 282
Regurgitation 283
Salmonellosis 285
Squamous Cell Carcinoma 287
Stomatitis 289
Thermal Burns 291
Ticks 293
Upper Respiratory Tract Disease 295
Urolithiasis 297
Vomiting 298
Weight Loss 300
Yeast Infections 302

Section V: Crocodilians
Aflatoxicosis 304
Anorexia 305
Chlamydiosis 307
Cloacal Prolapse 309
Conjunctivitis 311

xii
Cryptosporidium 313
Dermatitis 314
Dermatophilosis 316
Dystocia 317
Egg Yolk Coelomitis 319
Eimeria 321
Follicular Stasis 322
Hyperglycemia 325
Hypoglycemia 326
Hypoxia 327
Isospora 328
Mycoplasmosis 329
Nannizziopsis Mycoses 330
Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism 331
Other Hyalohyphomycoses 333
Pentastomids 334
Phaeohyphomycoses 336
Poxvirus 337
Salmonellosis 338
Squamous Cell Carcinoma 340
West Nile Virus 342

Section VI: Amphibians


Abscesses 346
Ammonia Toxicosis 348
Anemia 350
Anorexia 352
Buphthalmos 354
Cardiac Disease 355
Chlamydiosis 357
Chytridiomycosis 359
Cryptosporidium 361
Dermatosepticemia 362
Diarrhea 364
Eimeria 365
Entamoeba 366
Exophthalmia 367
Giardia 369
Gout 371
Hexamita 373
Hypervitaminosis A 374
Hypovitaminosis A 375
Hypovitaminosis B 377
Ichthyophonus 378
Isospora 380
Lower Respiratory Tract Disease 381
Mycobacteriosis 383
Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathroidism 385
Oxyurids 387
Pentastomids 388
Prolapse 390

xiii
Pseudogout 392
Ranavirus 393
Regurgitation 395
Renal Secondary Hyperparathyroidism 397
Rhabdias 399
Salmonellosis 400
Saprolegniasis 402
Short‐Tongue Syndrome 404
Spindly Leg Syndrome 405
Squamous Cell Carcinoma 406
Stomatitis 408
Ticks 410
Upper Respiratory Tract Disease 412
Vomiting 415
Weight Loss 417
Xanthomatosis 419

Index 421

xiv
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it, and rid in gospel triumph through the oaths, curses, and
imprecations of whole streets of papists unhurt, though threatened
every step of the ground. None but those who were spectators of
the scene, can form an idea of the affection with which I was
received by the weeping, mourning, but now joyful methodists. A
christian surgeon was ready to dress our wounds, which being done,
I went into the preaching place, and after giving a word of
exhortation, join’d in a hymn of praise and thanksgiving, to him who
makes our extremity his opportunity, who stills the noise of the
waves, and the madness of the most malignant people. The next
morning I set out for port Arlington, and left my persecutors to his
mercy, who out of persecutors hath often made preachers. That I
may be thus revenged of them, is the hearty prayer of,

Yours, &c.

G. W.

LETTER MCLXXI.
To Mr. I――.

Cork, July 15, 1757.

My very dear Mr. I――,

A CCEPT a few loving lines, as a token that you and yours are not
entirely forgotten by me. They leave me, earnestly desirous to
know what path the God whom I serve would have me to take.
Every where (O amazing condescension!) the glorious Emmanuel so
smiles upon my feeble labours, that it is hard to get off. At Port
Arlington, Athlone, Limerick, and in this place, the word hath run
and been glorified. Arrows of conviction seem to fly, and the cup of
many hath been made to run over. I hope you have had some
refreshings from the presence of the Lord. Nothing else can carry us
comfortably through the howling wilderness of this troublesome life.
I have met with some hard blows from the Dublin rabble. But
blessed be God, they have not destroyed me. Perhaps I am to see
London before my great change comes. And who knows, but we
may enjoy our Peniels and Bethels there again? Troublous times
seem to be approaching. God hide us all under the shadow of his
almighty wings! When you see dear Mr. W――, pray remember me
to him and his in the kindest manner, as likewise to Mr. and Mrs.
W――. I think of, and pray for you, and all my dear friends, though
preaching and travelling prevents my writing. O that none of us may
be parted in another world! Jesus alone can keep us by his almighty
power. To his tender and never-failing mercy do I most earnestly
commit you, and earnestly intreat the continuance of your prayers in
behalf of, my very dear friend,

Yours, &c.

G. W.
LETTER MCLXXII.
To the Reverend Mr. G――.

Wednesbury, Staffordshire, August 7, 1757.

Reverend and very dear Sir,

T HOUGH Mr. Hopper promised to write you an ♦historical, letter as


last Thursday from Dublin, yet I cannot help dropping you a
few lines from this place. Blessed be God, we had a passage, and
last night we had a pleasant season. At Athlone, Limerick, Cork, and
especially at Dublin, where I preached near fifty times, we had
Cambuslang seasons. With the utmost difficulty I came away. O
these partings! The blows I received some time ago, were like to
send me, where all partings would have been over. But I find we are
immortal till our work is done. Lord Jesus, help me to begin in
earnest! My cordial love awaits my host and hostess. Be pleased to
desire them to send my things by the first opportunity, directed to
Mr. David Brown, at the Orphan-hospital, Edinburgh.—This morning
our Lord hath met us.—I am to preach twice more.—Ere long we
shall praise for ever. I hope dear Mr. N――’s son is better. I
commend your whole self, and all dear friends, to his never-failing
mercy, and entreat you never to forget, my very dear Sir,

Yours most affectionately in the best bonds,

G. W.

♦ “histostrical” replaced with “historical”


LETTER MCLXXIII.
To Mrs. C――.

London, August 26, 1757.

Dear Mrs. C――,

I THINK myself quite happy, in finding that you are satisfied in your
present situation.—I have no doubt of your being called to do it
by Bethesda’s God, and heartily pray that you may be amply
rewarded by Him.—I had rather have you preside over the orphan
family, than any woman I know of in the world. I would gladly
indulge Mr. B――, but though I have sent again and again, I cannot
find that his wife hath the least inclination to come over; as this is
the case, and she is provided for, I wish he could be easy. Mr. P――
and you may agree, as to the terms of his continuance at Bethesda.
Mr. D―― seems fixed, and I have written to Mr. P――, to let John
H――y have overseers wages for the two last years, and find
himself; but perhaps it may be best not to give up the indentures.—
As he is faithful, and the plantation flourishes, I would not part with
him. I do not love changes. Sometimes I wish for wings to fly over;
but providence detains me here. I fear a dreadful storm is at hand.
Lord Jesus, be thou our refuge! At Dublin I was like to be sent
beyond the reach of storms. But I find we are immortal till our work
is done. A most blessed influence attended the word in various parts
of Ireland, and here at London the prospect is more and more
promising. We expect some important news from America. As to
outward things, all is gloomy. Jesus can dispel every cloud. I hope
Bethesda will be kept in peace. I am glad the Governor hath been to
visit the house. May God make him a blessing to the colony! My
kinsman hath met with an early trial. May the Lord sanctify it! I am
glad G―― W―― is put out, and that you have sent the children; I
pity them, but they must blame their parents. O ingratitude! I wish
you would now and then mention B―― W――, and let me know
how the English children are disposed of. I would fain have a list of
black and white from time to time. Blessed be God for the increase
of the negroes. I intirely approve of reducing the number of orphans
as low as possible; and I am determined to take in no more than the
plantation will maintain, till I can buy more negroes. Never was I so
well satisfied with my assistants as now. God bless you! God bless
you! My tender love and respects attend you all. I would have
Joseph P――n sent to the college. I am glad Mrs. F―― is married.
Continue to pray for me, and depend on hearing as often as possible
from, dear Mrs. C――,

Your affectionate, obliged friend, and ready servant in our


common Lord,

G. W.

LETTER MCLXXIV.
To Mr. H――.

Exeter, September 28, 1757.

My very dear Sir,

J UST this moment I had the pleasure of receiving your very kind
letter, and have but just time, before the post goes out, to
return you my most hearty thanks. Blessed be God, I can send you
good news from Plymouth.—The scene was like that of Bristol; only
more extraordinary, to see officers, ♦soldiers, sailors, and the dock-
men, attending with the utmost solemnity upon the word preached.
Arrows of conviction fled and fastened, and I left all God’s people
upon the wing for heaven. Blessed be the Lord Jesus for ordering me
the lot of a cast-out!

For this let men revile my name,

I’d shun no cross, I’d fear no shame;

All hail reproach!

I am glad that Mr. M――n and V――n returned safe. May an


effectual door be opened for both! If so, they will have many
adversaries. Will my dear Mr. H―― tell Mr. P――, that I expect every
thing to be compleated by the first Sunday in October? If the
weather should alter I may be in town; if not, I may range further.—
This spiritual hunting is delightful sport, when the heart is in the
work. I expect to hear of a blacker cloud in America, but I am glad
the expedition was diverted. Our enemies may triumph for a while;
Christ can soon put a hook in the leviathan’s jaws.

Thoughts are vain against the Lord,

All subserves his sov’reign word;

Wheels encircling wheels must run,

Each in course to bring it on.

Happy for you, my dear Sir, that have fled to this God for refuge. The
more you know of Him, the more vilely you will think of yourself. God
bless you and your dear relations. I must conclude, or the letter
cannot go. In great haste, but far greater love and respect, I
subscribe myself, very dear Sir,

Yours, &c. in our common Lord,

G. W.
♦ “solders” replaced with “soldiers”

LETTER MCLXXV.
To Mr. K――n.

Bristol, October 4, 1757.

My very dear Mr. K――n,

H AD you encouragement enough last journey, to induce you and


yours to take another trip? My wife informs me so; she hath
the rout. I expect a line from her at Gloucester, to inform me of your
determination. Whatever it be, may it be for the glory of our
common Lord! I hope some souls that before were strangers to him,
have begun to know him since we parted last. We have had pleasant
seasons. Lord, what am I! God give us a warm winter! O how soon
does the summer fly away! Lord Jesus, pardon and quicken me, for
thy mercy’s sake! Adieu. I must away. My hearty love awaits your
whole self, and all enquiring friends. In great haste, I subscribe
myself, my very dear Mr. K――,

Yours most affectionately in our common Lord,

G. W.

LETTER MCLXXVI.
To the Reverend Mr. G――.
London, October 16, 1757.

Reverend and very dear Sir,

I THANK you for your sympathizing letter sent to Ireland. The friend
of sinners stood by me, or I had been stoned to death. They
were thrown at me, not for speaking against the Papists in particular,
but for exciting all ranks to be faithful to King Jesus, and to our dear
sovereign King George, for his great name’s sake. Lord, what am I,
that I should be honoured to suffer any degree of pain or shame in
such a cause? Time will not permit me to descend to more
particulars. A young man, who will bring you soon a few lines from
me, can tell you the whole affair. He is a Methodist, and is coming
from Dublin, (and from a Bishop’s family) to study at Glasgow. I
know you will receive him gladly. O that God may qualify, and send
forth thousands to blow the trumpet in Zion! Seven gospel ministers
were together at Bristol, when the counsellor preached. A lawyer
hath lately entered likewise into orders, and I humbly hope the
blessed Jesus will not give us up. Both at home and abroad we are in
great danger. But the Lord lives, and will live and reign for ever. The
awakenings in New-Jersey, &c. are tokens for good. Lord, prepare us
for whatever thou hast prepared for us! We have had blessed
seasons for these six weeks last past, at Plymouth, Exeter, Bristol,
Gloucester, and Gloucestershire. This comes from my winter
quarters. You will pray, that Jesus may be with us. My most cordial
respects and thanks await your whole self, and all dear friends who
are so kind as to enquire after, my very dear Sir,

Yours, &c.

G. W.

LETTER MCLXXVII.
To Lady H――.

London, October 21, 1757.

Ever-honoured Madam,

I BURNT, but I believe I shall never forget the contents of, your
Ladyship’s letter. Who but the Redeemer himself, can possibly
describe the yearnings of such a tender parent’s heart? Surely your
Ladyship is called to cut off a right hand, and pluck out a right eye;
“But it is the Lord, let him do what seemeth him good,” This was the
language of Eli, whose sons were sinners before the Lord
exceedingly. This hath often been the case of the best of people,
and the greatest favourites of heaven; but none knows the
bitterness of such a cup, but those who are called to drink it. If not
sweetened with a sense of the love and mercy of God in Christ, who
could abide it? O what physic, what strong physic do our strong
affections oblige our heavenly Father to give us! What pruning
knives do these luxuriant branches require, in order to preserve the
fruit and delicacy of the vine. Blessed be God, there is a time
coming, when these mysterious dignified providences shall be
explained. I am glad Mr. L―― is with your Ladyship: he has a
friendly heart. May the Lord Jesus raise up your Ladyship many
comforters! Above all, may he come himself. He will, he will. Mr.
H―― ask’d most kindly after your Ladyship. On Thursday Sir John
M――, I am told, was at chapel, and many others. The prospect
brightens at that end of the town. O for warm winter quarters! O
that I could bear part of your Ladyship’s heavy load! But I can only
in my feeble way bear it on my heart, before him who came to heal
our sicknesses and bear our infirmities. That your Ladyship may
come out of these fiery trials, purged and purified like the brightest
gold, is the earnest prayer of, ever-honoured Madam,

Your Ladyship’s most dutiful, obliged, sympathizing, and


very ready servant for Christ’s sake,
G. W.

LETTER MCLXXVIII.
To Mrs. C――.

London, October 25, 1757.

My dear Mrs. C――,

I FIND by your last to your brother James, that you was in


jeopardy. But I trust He that once drove away the Spaniards, will
also preserve you and the rest of my dear family from a French
invasion. God give you strength and courage! He will. Every thing
seems to be in a critical situation. God knows the event.

Blest is faith that trusts Christ’s pow’r,

Blest are saints that wait His hour.

In the midst of all, the work goes on here. In Dublin I was like to be
stoned to heaven: but I am on earth yet. We had glorious seasons
both in Scotland and Ireland. O that the cloud pointed to America!
But the Redeemer’s time is the best. He will bless you for taking care
of his family in the wilderness. I wish it had been reduced more by
the dismission of the R――s and B――l. But perhaps God may over
rule all for the childrens future good. I hear that R―― is in a French
prison; God give to him and his true repentance! They have acted an
ungrateful part; but thus our Lord was used; and the servant must
be as his Lord. The judgment-day will clear all. I wish Mr. B―― may
be easy where he is. Mr. P―― may agree upon terms with him, and
with I―― H――. I love old friends and servants, and desire to bless
God that my family hath got such a governess. Pray let me know if
you want any apparel, &c. I shall be quite concerned if you abridge
yourself of any thing. I cannot reward you: but the God whom I
desire to serve, can and will. To his tender and never-failing mercy
do I most humbly commit you, and beg the continuance of your
prayers in behalf of, my dear Mrs. C――,

Your most affectionate, and obliged friend, and servant for


Christ’s sake,

G. W.

LETTER MCLXXIX.
To Governor E――.

London, October 26, 1757.

Honoured Sir,

I AM glad to hear from my nephew and other hands, that your


Excellency’s administration is so universally approved of. I pray
God to make you a lasting blessing to that colony, which hath long
wanted the blessing of an active, skilful and disinterested Governor. I
thank your Excellency for honouring Bethesda with your company.
Lord Hallifax informed me, that you would send him your sentiments
concerning its being enlarged into a college. I have drawn out my
proposals, and have delivered them to his Lordship; but the
uncertainty of the times prevents my pushing that affair. However,
Georgia’s welfare lies much on my heart; and it is my full design, if
providence should open a way, and I am assured of meeting with
proper encouragement, (which I make no doubt of) to serve that
colony, and pay it another visit. In the mean while, my heart’s desire
and prayer to God is and shall be, that you may have the honour and
comfort of making the people, over whom divine providence hath
called you to preside, happy and prosperous. I must not longer, dear
Sir, detain you from the public, and shall therefore only beg your
acceptance of this, as a token of respect, from, honoured Sir,

Your Excellency’s most obliged humble servant,

G. W.

LETTER MCLXXX.
To J―― B――, Esq.

London, October 26, 1757.

My dear Friend,

I AM quite glad to hear, that you have met with encouragement to


return again to poor Georgia, and that my nephew serves under
you. I humbly hope that colony is not to be given over into the
enemies hands; but God only knows what is before us. The cloud at
present looks black; but it is always darkest before break of day. Our
extremity may yet be God’s opportunity to help and deliver us. In the
midst of all, the work of God goes on among us. At both ends of the
town we have blessed seasons. In Scotland and Ireland the word ran
and was glorified. Who knows but we may meet once more in
Georgia. Blessed be God for a well-grounded hope of meeting in
heaven! My hearty love awaits all who are travelling thither, and are
so kind as to enquire after, my dear friend,

Yours &c. in our common Lord,

G. W.
LETTER MCLXXXI.
To the Reverend Mr. M――.

London, November 3, 1757.

Y OUR kind letter was very acceptable. Ere now, I trust, the
Redeemer hath given you the prospect of the barren wilderness
being turned in a fruitful field. Never fear; Jesus will delight to honour
you. Every clergyman’s name is Legion. Two more are lately
ordained.

Satan letts and men object,

Yet the thing they thwart, effect.

Thoughts are vain against the Lord,

All subserves his standing word;

Wheels encircling wheels must run,

Each in course to bring it on.

You need not remind me of praying for the noble pair: surely they
are not to be prisoners another Winter. The kingdom of God
suffereth violence, and really if we would take it by force, we must
do violence to our softest passions, and be content to be esteemed
unkind by those whose idols we once were. This is hard work; but,
Abba, Father, all things are possible with thee! Blessed be God for
putting it into your heart to ask the pulpit for a week-day sermon.
Are we not commanded to be instant in season and out of season?
If dear Mrs. M―― will take my word for it, I will be answerable for
your health. The joy resulting from doing good, will be a continual
feast. God knows how long our time of working may last. This order
undoes us. As affairs now stand, we must be disorderly or useless. O
for more labourers. I am told thousands went away last Sunday
evening from Tottenham-Court, for want of room. Every day
produces fresh accounts of good being done, and at this end of the
town the word runs and is glorified more and more. Last Friday we
had a most solemn fast: I preached thrice; thousands attended, and
I humbly hope our prayers entered the ears of the Lord of Sabaoth.
More bad news from America about our fleet: God humble and
reform us, for his infinite mercy’s sake! Go on, my dear Sir, and tell a
sinful nation, that sin and unbelief is the accursed thing which
prevents success. Thus at least we shall deliver our own souls, and
be free from the blood of all men. But I forget: I suppose you are
preparing for the pulpit: I dare not detain you. My best respects
await Mrs. M――: your mother is well. That you may return to
London in all the fulness of the blessings of the gospel of Christ, is
and shall be the prayer of, dear Sir,

Yours, &c.

G. W.

LETTER MCLXXXII.
To Mr. O――.

London, November 12, 1757.

My dear Mr. O――,

I THANK you very kindly for visiting Bethesda family, and for
administering the Lord’s-supper. I am glad to hear that the
Master of the feast was present. Ere long I hope we shall be called
to the marriage-feast of the supper of the Lamb in heaven. God only
knows what awaits us in our journey thither. I hope poor Georgia will
be preserved. I trust the Lord of all lords hath said, “Destroy it not,
for there is a blessing in it.” We are in equal jeopardy. Jesus is our
common refuge. Conviction and conversion work goes on amongst
us. But I long to see America once more. O that I may never cease
itinerating, till I sit down in heaven. My hearty love awaits all that
are bound thither. Hoping ere long to hear good news from you and
yours, I haste to subscribe myself, my dear Mr. O――,

Yours, &c.

G. W.

LETTER MCLXXXIII.
To Mr. D――.

London, November 12, 1757.

My dear Mr. D――,

I AM glad you have received my letter. I know not that I have one
of yours left unanswered. Blessed be God, for causing Bethesda
to prosper. May it do so in every sense more and more! I hope you
will be preserved from the hands both of temporal and spiritual
enemies. God prepare us for all events! Pray let me know the names
of all the children. I wish they could be reduced this war time to the
number of fifteen; and I wish my nephew was not so hasty; and that
the persons you mention were (spiritually) shot through the heart.
Many here seem to be wounded in that manner. At Tottenham-Court
chapel, as well as the Tabernacle, the word runs and is glorified. I
am glad you have the ordinance now and then. That the God of
ordinances may bless you all evermore, is the earnest prayer of, my
dear Mr. D――,

Yours most affectionately in our common Lord,

G. W.

P. S. Pray be particular in the account of the family. The Lord


Jesus smiles upon us here. He can, and I trust will preserve you from
French, Spaniards, and every hurtful foe. This is my constant prayer.

LETTER MCLXXXIV.
To Mr. R――.

London, November 17, 1757.

Dear Sir,

Y OUR letter to Mr. D―― gave me great satisfaction. The contents,


no doubt, made angels to rejoice in heaven, and why not us
embodied spirits here on earth. So many called out of one family, is
a peculiar mercy. Blessed are the eyes that see the things which you
see, and the ears that hear the things you hear. Grace, mercy, and
peace be multiplied upon you all! Who knows but we may see each
other on this side eternity? I am wishing every day for wings to fly to
my dear America once more; but at present the way seems to be
hedged up. A fresh work is breaking out here, and the Redeemer
seems to be manifesting his glory in many souls. This, with what has
been done on your side the water, may give us some hopes, that
though the enemy may be permitted to break in like a flood, yet the
Spirit of the Lord will lift up a standard against him. The death of
Governor B―― and President Burr, are dark providences: but Jesus
lives and reigns. I thank you and yours most heartily for your kind
invitation: God willing, I will accept it whenever I come over. Lord,
hasten the time, if it be thy blessed will! Be pleased to remember me
in the kindest manner to all enquiring friends. I entreat the
continuance of your prayers in behalf of, my dear Sir,

Yours in our common Lord,

G. W.

LETTER MCLXXXV.
To Mr. S――.

London, November 17, 1757.

My dear Mr. S――,

I AM a letter in your debt: I should be glad to answer your last in


person. The attraction towards America is as strong as ever, but
at present I am stationed here. The word runs and is glorified. I fear
the deaths of the Governor and President will hurt New-Jersey
college: but Jesus lives and reigns. When will my turn come to live
and reign with him for evermore! Come, Lord Jesus, come quickly! If
young P―― should be sent from the Orphan-house to your college,
be pleased to furnish him with plain necessaries. I am informed he is
a promising youth. Lord, raise up Elisha’s in the room of ascended
Elijah! The residue of the Spirit is in his hands. The late effusion was
preparatory to your present trials. God make us ready for all events.
Excuse great haste; I write in greater love, as being, my dear friend,

Yours most affectionately in our glorious Head,

G. W.
LETTER MCLXXXVI.
To Mr. M――.

London, November 26, 1757.

My very dear Sir,

I AM very glad you have been so providentially detained at


Thetford, and that your bow abode in such full strength. The
Lord help you to give a good farewel stroke to-morrow! My poor
feeble labours almost brought me to the grave this last week; but
preaching yesterday three times on account of the Prussians late
success, hath somewhat recovered me. It was a high day;
thousands and thousands attended. Where the carcase is, there the
eagles will gather together. The chapel is made a Bethel indeed. I
am glad you are coming to see. Spiritual routs are blessed
entertainments. I must prepare for my throne. It is near five in the
evening, and to-morrow I am to preach thrice. Mr. Jon―― said he
would write this post. I was glad to hear by Mr. D――, that the noble
pair were growing. That you all may increase with all the increase of
God, is the earnest prayer of, my very dear Sir,

Yours most affectionately in our glorious Head,

G. W.

LETTER MCLXXXVII.
To Mrs. B――.
London, December 14, 1757.

Dear Madam,

T HE event only can prove, whether what I am going to mention,


is of God. Blessed be his holy name, by new-year’s day I hope
we shall be able to discharge our chapel debts. Every day proves
more and more that it was built for the glory of Jesus Christ, and the
welfare of many precious and immortal souls. But my attendance on
that, and the Tabernacle too, with a weak body, outward cares, and
inward trials, have frequently brought me of late to the
apprehensions of being near my wished-for port; but I am afraid I
must keep out at sea some time longer. However, I am brought to
the short allowance of preaching but once a day, and thrice on a
Sunday. O that this feeble carcase could hold out more for God! I
want to begin to begin to do something for God. I shall be glad if he
is pleased to bring our present design to a prosperous issue. You
must know then, dear Madam, that round the chapel there is a most
beautiful spot of ground, and some good folks have purposed
erecting alms-houses on each side, for some godly widows. I have a
plan for twelve. The whole expence will be four hundred pounds: we
have got one hundred. The widows are to have half-a-crown a week.
The sacrament money, which will more than do, is to be devoted to
this purpose. Thus will many godly widows be provided for, and a
standing monument left, that the Methodists were not against good
works. I beg you’ll mention this to good Lady C―― and Mrs. G――;
for I would not have it public till the sum is raised, and we are sure
of effecting the thing. If I did not know, dear Madam, your
benevolent, disinterested heart, I should not thus make free. Be
pleased to excuse, if you do not approve the motion. I only mention
it, because I believe such a thing would much promote the glory of
God. I leave this and all with him. I commit you and good Lady C――
to his protection, and beg a continued remembrance in your prayers,
in behalf of, dear Madam,

Your most obliged and ready servant for Christ’s sake,


G. W.

LETTER MCLXXXVIII.
To Doctor S――.

London, December 15, 1757.

Reverend and very dear Sir,

I F yet in this dying world, be pleased to accept a few grateful lines,


from one who highly esteems you for the sake of our common
Lord. Thousands can witness how often I have prayed for you in
public, and the great day will discover how earnestly your lingering
case hath been mentioned in my poor addresses to our God in
private. Surely, in a literal sense, reverend Sir, you are called to die
daily. But I trust and believe, the more the outward man decayeth,
you will be strengthened so much the more in the inward man. He
that hath loved you, will love you to the end; he that hath honoured
you to be so useful to church and state, will not leave you in the
latter stages of your road. A radiant crown awaits you. God, the
righteous judge, will give it you in that day. O gloriam! quantum &
qualem! O that I could leap my seventy years. But I forget I am
writing to a sick friend. Pardon me, dear Sir, it being only a pepper-
corn of acknowledgment for all kind offices done in the behalf of,
reverend and very dear Sir,

Your most obliged, affectionate, sympathizing friend, and


ready servant in Jesus Christ,

G. W.
LETTER MCLXXXIX.
To Lady H――.

London, December 15, 1757.

Ever-honoured Madam,

I WISH your Ladyship joy of being for once so long alone: and why?
because I am persuaded your Ladyship is never less alone, than
at such seasons. Then the Father is in a particular manner with his
dear children: and though they seem in themselves to be like
pelicans in the wilderness, yet he is near at hand to hear their cry,
and to bottle up every tear: he that seeth in secret, will ere long
reward your Ladyship openly. O how are your Ladyship’s children
indebted to you, for your more than maternal tenderness! What a
comfort is it, ever-honoured Madam, that Jesus Christ is to come,
and to be our judge! O that he would come quickly! Why does he
delay? I was near port, and am now put out to sea again. O that it
may be to pilot in some more dear souls! The work seems but to be
beginning. At Tottenham-Court the word runs and is glorified. By
new-year’s day I hope the debt will be discharged. Several have
proposed building some alms-houses for godly widows, on each side
the chapel. I have a plan for twelve. The whole expence will be four
hundred pounds: we have got a prospect of two. I purpose allowing
each widow half-a-crown a week. The sacrament money will more
than do. The ground is most commodious, and near the high road. If
effected, I think it must bring glory to God, and be a standing
monument that we are not against good works. I only mention it to
your Ladyship. May that God, whom I desire to serve in the gospel of
his dear Son, direct and bless us in this and every thing we
undertake for his glory. But I fear I am detaining your Ladyship too
long. O that I could offer any thing adequate to your Ladyship’s
repeated kindnesses to such a worthless worm! My poor prayers and
unfeigned sympathy, is all the testimony I can give of my being,
ever-honoured Madam,

Your most dutiful, obliged, and very ready servant in our


compassionate High-priest,

G. W.

LETTER MCXC.
To Lady G―― H――.

London, December 15, 1757.

Honoured Madam,

H AVING lately heard of your Ladyship’s being returned to Bath, I


cannot help wishing your Ladyship joy of Sir Charles’s most
agreeable marriage. May your Ladyship’s present joy be
consummated, in seeing them and all your honourable relations
sitting down together at the marriage-feast of the supper of the
Lamb. I have had frequent prospects of this, since I saw your
Ladyship. Often do I groan in this earthly tabernacle. I long to be
cloathed with my house from heaven. O that the great God may
vouchsafe to improve me, till he is pleased to call me to my wished-
for rest. Hitherto he owns my feeble labours. The work in London
seems to be but as it were beginning. We live in troublesome times;
I trust the streets of the spiritual Jerusalem will be built in them.
Happy they who have fled to Jesus Christ for refuge: they have a
peace that the world cannot give. O that the pleasure-taking, trifling
flatterer knew what it was! He would no longer feel such an empty
void, such a dreadful chasm in the heart which nothing but the
presence of God can fill. But I forget myself. I shall tire your
Ladyship; besides I must drop a few lines to good Lady H――n; she
is in the furnace. When she is tried, her God will bring her forth like
gold. But I must detain your Ladyship no longer, than while I add my
dutiful respects to your Ladyship’s daughters, and beg your
Ladyship’s acceptance of the same from, honoured Madam,

Your Ladyship’s most dutiful, obliged, and ready servant for


Christ’s sake,

G. W.

LETTER MCXCI.
To the Reverend Mr. T――.

London, January 12, 1758.

My very dear Friend,

Y OUR kind letter puzzles me. As the case is so very peculiar, I


think you cannot be too particular in writing down what you
have been an eye and ear witness to. I think that the calling some
ministers together for the ends proposed, is the best method that
can be taken. Where two or three are gathered together, and are
agreed touching the thing they shall ask, our Lord hath promised it
shall be given to them. I shall be glad to hear of their success. Ah,
my dear man, little do we think, when we first set out, what trials
we shall meet with ere we arrive at our journey’s end. I find more
and more, that I am a mere novice in the divine life, and have
scarce begun to begin to learn my A B C in the school of Christ. But
by the grace of God I am what I am. He hath helped out of six, and
will also help out of seven troubles. I find you have heard of the
Irish expedition. Lord, what am I, that I should be counted worthy to
suffer shame for thy great name’s sake! A more effectual door than
ever seems to be opening in this metropolis. A counsellor, lately
ordained, turns out a Boanerges. Thousands and thousands flock to
hear the everlasting gospel. The new chapel, where I now write,
turns out quite well. The Lord Jesus hath made it a gate of heaven to
many souls. This, with the signal deliverances lately vouchsafed the
protestant arms, makes me hope that our extremity will yet be God’s
opportunity to help and deliver us. Let us wrestle in prayer for each
other. O that the Lord may abundantly bless both you and yours!
Accept cordial love from me and mine. We are neither of us likely to
put into harbour yet. The voyage seems to me very long. But I find
we are immortal till our work is done. That we all may at last enter
port with a full gale, is the hearty prayer of, my very dear friend,

Yours most affectionately in our compassionate High-priest,

G. W.

LETTER MCXCII.
To Mrs. S――.

London, January 17, 1758.

Dear Madam,

I WISH you joy of the happy breach made in, or rather happy
addition made to your dear family. I thought I should never see
it in the same circumstances any more. You may chearfully let
Rebekah go. I trust she hath met with an Isaac. May they love one
another as Christ and the church! The Lord now make you to laugh!
I hope your latter end will greatly increase. I send the surviving ones
my most cordial love; and praying that you may have more and
more comfort in every one of them, I subscribe myself, dear Madam,

Yours, &c.

G. W.

LETTER MCXCIII.
To Mr. K――.

London, January 17, 1758.

My very dear Timothy,

Y OU will deliver the enclosed. I am glad to write a few lines on


such an occasion. God grant that the remaining dear single
ones may be as well disposed of! I bless the Lord that you are
enabled to preach at all. I often think of and sympathize with you.
Lord, help me! What an impatient creature should I be, was I to be
visited in that manner! But we know who hath promised, “that as
our day is, so shall our strength be.” Mrs. Pearce is now out of the
state of trial, and I am to bury one of the same name next
Thursday. Both, I believe, are gone to heaven. Lord Jesus, when will
my turn come? What can reconcile us to a longer stay on earth, but
the prospect of seeing his kingdom advanced? It is very promising at
London. Mr. M――n is a Boanerges. The chapel is made a Bethel.
Blessed be God, all is paid. I hope to be with you in the Spring.
Adieu. The Lord bless and comfort you! My wife is poorly, but joins in
hearty love to your whole self, and all enquiring friends, with, my
very dear man,

Yours, &c.
LETTER MCXCIV.
To Miss G――, at Clifton.

London, February 3, 1758.

Dear Madam,

I WAS glad, after so long a silence, to receive a line from Clifton,


where I find by report there is like to be a total revolution. Your
two worthy friends I have neither seen nor heard from; and good
Lady H――n I have not visited, because I believe her Ladyship
desired to be entirely private. I suppose she will now be soon in
town. God comfort her under all her trials, and sanctify new
creature-partings and disappointments to your further proficiency,
dear Madam, in the divine life. There is a needs-be for all this. God
help you to sing,

―――― O happy rod,

That brought me nearer to my God.

I have been in hopes of being with him. But I cannot go, though at
present reduced to the short allowance of preaching once a day,
except thrice on a Sunday, At both ends of the town, the word runs
and is glorified. The champions in the church go on like sons of
thunder. I am to be at Clapham this evening: Mr. V―― will gladly
embrace the first opportunity. May it be a Bethel! Bristol, in all
probability, will be my first Spring excursion. O that I may begin to
begin to spring for my God! I beg, dear Madam, the continuance of
your prayers, as being, dear Madam,
Your most obliged and ready servant in our glorious High-
priest,

G. W.

LETTER MCXCV.
To Mrs. B―― B――, at Bath.

London, February 3, 1758.

Dear Madam,

I CANNOT help acquainting you and your honoured sister, and Mrs.
G――, that the plan concerted some time ago is likely to be put
in execution. The trenches for the wall, I believe are begun, and by
the first of May, the houses are to be finished. If possible, I would
furnish them, that the poor might be sure of goods, as well as a
house. All things are possible with God. The thing hath scarce as yet
taken wind. Such secret expeditions, I trust, God will favour. Both
congregations and the divine influences increase. By thoughtfulness,
frequent preaching, and a crazy tabernacle, my nightly rests are
continually broken; but the joy of the Lord is my strength: and I
hope ere long to be where I shall keep awake for ever. I most
earnestly beg the continuance of your prayers, and you may be
assured of being always remembered in the poor addresses of, dear
good Ladies,

Your most obliged and ready servant for Christ’s sake,

G. W.
LETTER MCXCVI.
To the Reverend Mr. Samuel S――, in Bath.

London, February 3, 1758.

Reverend and dear Sir,

Y OUR kind letter drove me to my knees, and as I do not hear of


your dear and honoured father’s release, I suppose he is yet
detained a prisoner. I shall make public and private mention of him,
until I know he is gone beyond the reach of prayer, and entered
upon his eternal work of praise. I pity the poor ministers, who will
sorely miss him, but shall rejoice in his entering into his Master’s joy.
Once more I send the good old saint my most cordial salutations and
thanks unfeigned. At the great day, before men and angels, I shall
do it openly. Then likewise, my dear Sir, I hope to see you and yours
joining in one universal uninterrupted hallelujah, and casting your
crowns before the throne of the glorious Emmanuel. In whose great
name, with most sincere condolence with Mrs. S―― and all your
afflicted family, I once more beg leave to subscribe myself, reverend
and dear Sir,

Yours most affectionately in our common Lord,

G. W.

LETTER MCXCVII.
To Professor F――.
London, March 5, 1758.

Most reverend and dear Sir,

T HOUGH I am almost ashamed to put pen to paper, yet the kind


mention (as I hear from good Mr. Z――) you have been pleased
to make from time to time of me, together with the importunities of
that venerable man of God, have at length prevailed upon me to
trouble you with this letter. O that an infinitely condescending
Redeemer may excite you thereby, most honoured Sir, to be instant
in prayer for one who is the chief of sinners, and less than the least
of all saints. Long, long before now did I think of entering into my
wish’d-for rest. Times without number hath this tabernacle groaned;
but having obtained help from God, I yet continue, in my poor way,
to preach to all that are willing to hear, the unsearchable riches of
Jesus Christ. Through grace the fields are as yet white, and as ready
to harvest as ever. In the Summer I range, and with a table for my
pulpit, and the heavens for my sounding-board, I am enabled
generally thrice a day, to call to many thousands to come to Jesus
that they may have life. In the Winter I am confined to this
metropolis; but to my great mortification, through continual
vomiting, want of rest, and of appetite, I have been reduced for
some time to the short allowance of preaching only once a day,
except Sundays, when I generally preach thrice. Thousands attend
every evening at both ends of the town, and on Lord’s-days many,
many go away for want of room. The divine presence is apparently
amongst us, and every week produces fresh instances of the power
of converting grace. Blessed be God, we meet with no disturbances
in town, and very seldom in the country: but last year, while I was
preaching in the fields in Ireland, a popish mob was so incensed at
my preaching the Lord our Righteousness, and praying for our good
old King, and the King of Prussia, that they surrounded, stoned, and
almost killed me. But we are immortal till our work is done, and glad
should I have been to have died in such a cause. Mr. W――y hath
societies in Ireland and elsewhere; and though we differ a little in
some principles, yet brotherly love continues. I generally, when
itinerating, preach among his people, as freely as among those who
are called our own. In London several new flaming preachers are
come forth; and in various parts of the kingdom we hear of divers
others, who seem determined to know and preach nothing but Jesus
Christ, and him crucified. Thousands and thousands are now praying
daily for success to the Prussian and Hanoverian arms. Your fast-
days were kept here with great solemnity, and will be so again, God
willing, when I know the day. Our Joshua’s are in the field. Many a
Moses is gone up into the mount to pray. Nil desperandum Christo
duce, auspice Christo. The ark trembles, but underneath are the
everlasting arms of an everlasting God. He that wrought such
wonders for the Prussian monarch last year, can repeat them this.
Lord, we believe, help our unbelief! The distresses of German
protestants, we look upon as our own. We have also endeavoured to
give thanks for the great mercy vouchsafed your Orphan-house, and
the protestant cause. Lord Jesus, repeat the occasions, for thine
infinite mercy’s sake! Pardon, pardon, most worthy Sir, the length of
this, and impute it to the encouragement given by the venerable Mr.
Z―― to, most honoured Sir,

Your dutiful son and servant,

G. W.

LETTER MCXCVIII.
To Mr. K――.

London, May 13, 1758.

My very dear Mr. K――,

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