Triangles

111

EL · ·llfi+i#GJii-Mii·\·lIBhiMlt~-
6.2 Similar Figures
WJieW(lma rk)
li!#JI (1 mar k)
7. In figure, GCIIBD and GEIi BF. if AC = 3 cm and
1. All conc entri c circles are _ to each othe r. CD = 7 cm then find the value of AE .
' (201 9C) (!fil
AF
(202o>w
2. Two polygons having same num ber of ~ D
sides and
corresponding sides prop ortio nal are simil 3
ar or not? A B
(Boa rd Term I, 2016 ) W £
G

6.3 Sim ilar ity of Tr iangl es F

8. In t:.ABC, Xis middle point of AC. If XYI IAB,
then prove
iMK-1 that Yis middle poin t of BC. (Boa rd Term
I, 201 7) (!fil

6
3. In t:.ABC, PQIIBC. If PB = 6 cm, AP = 4 cm, 9. In t:.ABC , D and E are poin t on side
AQ = 8 cm, AB and AC
find the leng th of AC. respectively, such that DE I I BC. If AE = 2 cm,
A AD= 3 cm
/, 2017 ) ~
and BD = 4 .5 cm, then find CE. (Boa rd Term
(a) 12cm
(b) 20 cm 10. In MBC , DE II BC, then find the value
Q of x.
~ 6cm 6

"a'L/\.Jc
,'.,
(d) 14 cm
8 c
(2023)
4. In the given figur e, PQ 11 AC. If BP= 4 cm, (Boa rd Term /, 20 17) ~
AP= 2.4 cm
and BQ = 5 cm, then leng th of BC is
11. In given figur e, DE 11 BC
C
If AD= ~ and AC = 14 cm, find EC.
DB 4
A
Sc-.
/lJ

A
4cm
B B~ --- -- -~ c
(a) 8cm (b) 3cm (Board Term I, 2017 ) ~
(c) 0.3c m (d) -
25
cm (202 3) SU M (1 marks)
3
5. In the figur e give n belo w, wha t value 12. In the given figure, DE II AC and DF
of x wi ll make II AE.
PQIIAB? Prove that BF = BE.
C FE EC
X . A
x+ 3

p Q
3x+ 19 3x+ 4

A B
B F E C
(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 4 (Term/, 2021 -22) ~
(NCERT, 2020 ) ~
(d) 5
OR
6. In figur e Of 11BC. If AD = ~ and Af = 2.7 cm, then EC is
' In figur e, DE II AC and DC II AP. Prove that
equa l to
(a) 2.0 cm
DB 2
bA
D
2.7cm A
BE = BC .
EC CP
E
(b) 1.8 cm
c
(c) 4.0 cm B

(d) 2.7 cm (202 0) ~ p

(2020)~
 112 mm CBSE Champion Mathematics ClasslO
(b) 2.5 cm
13. In figure, if PQ II BC and PR II CD, prove that (a) 3.6 cm (d) 3.2 cm (2023)
QB DR (c) 10cm . .
-=- If ti.ABC and t:.PQR are similar. triangles such that
AQ AR 19
· LA= 310 and LR= 69°, then L Q IS
) 700 (b) 1000 (c) 900 (d) soo
(a (Term I, 2021-22)(!
. I pole of length 19 m casts a shadow 57 rn
20. A vert ,ca h t r
long on the ground and atht _e shatmfeth,mte a o~er casts

-tti• (3 marks)
(2020) (W a shadow 51 m long. The e1g o
(a) 171 m (b) 13 m (c) 17 m
e ower is
(d) 117 rn
(Term I, 2021-22) (!
14. In figure LD = LE and AD= Af. prove that ti.ABC is
an isosceles triangle. DB EC 2 1 In the given figure, LABC and LACB are
· complem entary to each other and AD .l BC. Then,
A

B C
15. In the figure, P is any point on side BC of ti.ABC.
PQ 11 BA and PR 11 CA are drawn. RQ is extended to
(2020) ~ '

(a) BO-CD= BC2

,/ $ c (b) AB-BC= BC2
2
(c) BO-CD= AD (d) AB-AC= AD 2

&
meet BC produced at 5. Prove that sp2 = SB x SC.
(Term I, 2021-22) ~
In the given figure, x expresse d in terms of a, b, c, is

B P C S
. 22

.
#p
a
(Board Term I, 2017) (]j ;
MfiA (4/5/6marks)
16. If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to :
, d.
Q
b --•~T.._,._c_.R
intersect the other two sides at distinct points, prove ' ab
(a) X=-
that the other two sides are divided in the same ratio. (b) X=~
a+b
(2020, 2015) 00 (c) X=-
be
QC
b+c

OR b+c
(d) X=-
State and prove Basic Proportio nality Theorem I a+c
(Term I, 2021-22) ~
(Thales Theorem~. . (Board Term I, 2015) _
00 : KUM
12 marks)
17. ABCD is a trapez,u_m with ABIICD. E and Fare points ,
on non parallel sides AD and BC respectiv ely, such , 2 3•
In the given figure, XZ is parallel to BC. AZ = 3 cm.
that ffl IAB. Show that ;i
= ;~ (2O19C) ; ~
ZC = 2 cm, BM = 3 cm and MC = S cm. Find the length
of XY.
A
6.4 Criter ia for Similarity of Triangles

18. In the given figure, MBC ~ t:.QPR. If AC = 6 cm,

B .__-:'-'.-- ~~----:l. C
BC= 5 cm, QR = 3 cm and PR = x, then the value of xis M (2023)
A 6cm C R 24.
In fig~re, PQ II BC, PQ = 3 cm, BC= 9 cm and AC== 7·5
cm. Find the length of AQ.

A\
Q p
B .~\ 9cm C (2020C) EV
>,
 113
Tricmsles
. . Iking away from the base
State which of the two triangles given in the figure 31. A girl of height 100 cm ,s wa I If the lamp is 5 m
15· are similar. Also state the similarity criterion used.

,{:~~''{~ n,m
9
A D p
of a lamp post at a spee~ o~ 1. ; ~f
her shadow after
above the ground, find t e eng 6) (Ev"'l
d (Board Term 1, 201 ')
4 secon s. . ht
32. 6ABC and 6AMP are two right anpgled t;~a;g~~
angled at B and M respectively. rove
:'tp
B 4 cm C E 4.5 cm F Q R
= PA X BC.

~
(Board Term/, 2016) lA
aj
Sides AB,BC and median AD of a MBC are respectively
26
· proportional to sides PQ, QR and median PM of 6 PQR.
Show that MBC -6PQR. (Board Term/, 2015) A~ A B M r.2i
(Board Term/, 2016) l~PJ
IMII (3 marks)
27_ PA. QB and RC are each perpendicular to AC. If M!M (4 / '?_/ 6 marks)
AP = x, QB = z, RC = y, AB = a and BC = b, then prove
33. (A) In a 6 PQR, N is a point on PR, such that QN J.. PR. If
1 1 1 2023 )
that - +-= -. PN x NR = QN2 , prove that L.PQR = 90°. (
X y Z

p 34. In the given figure, MBC and 6DBC are on tthhet

same base BC. If AD intersects BC at 0 , prove a
ar(MBC) AO
X ar( 6DBC) DO A

(2023)
28. In the given figure, CD and RS are respectively the
medians of MBC and 6PQR. If MBC - 6PQR then D
(2023)

~
prove that : · 35. In the given figure , E is a point
(i) MDC-6PSR on CB produced of an isosceles
(ii) AD X PR = AC X PS MBC, with side AB = AC. If
ADJ.. BC and ff J.. AC, prove that
E B D C
MBD-6ECF.
(NCERT, Al 2019) (]J

AL---C~D--~:~ Q (2023)
36. In the· given figure, ABC is a triangle and GHED is a
rectangle. BC = 12 cm, HE = 6 cm, FC = BF and altitude
AF= 24 cm. Find the area of the rectangle.

29. In the figure, if ~BEA

tiDEA - tiBCA.
= ~CDA', then prove that
a&c
A
8 C
(Board Term I, 2017) ~

30. In 6ABC, LADE = L B then prove that tiADf - tiABC !

•
:
(Board Term I, 2017) ~
37. Two poles of height 'p' and 'q' metres are standing
vertically on a level ground, 'a' metres apart. Prove
that the height of the point of intersection of the lines
joining the top of each pole to the foot of the opposite
also if AD = 7.6 cm, BO = 4.2 cm and BC = 8.4 cm, then \ pole is given by ~ .
p +q
(Board Term I, 2017) QD
find DE. .
A 38. In MBC, from A and B altitudes AD and BE are

A
c 8
D

(Board Term I, 2017) LE--;i

drawn. Prove that MDC - tiBEC. ls MOB - MEB and
MOB-MDC?
(Board Term I, 2016)
 • •U

114
· WfIn;iilD,.AB(3C,marBk~
90
and o is the mid poin t of BC. Pro
0
Ve
Pythagoras Theore m 41 L -
. that AC2 = ADZ + 3CD
2

~
is a rational ,
39. Assertion (A) : The perimeter of ti.ABC
number.
rational .
Reason (R) : The sum of the squares of two B D C (2019Jfli
numbers is always rational. Prove that the sum of squares off the
sides of a
A res of its
: 42· rhombus is equal to the sum o squa
diagonals.
(2019J @i

2cm
; M N i4/~L6~ ~s)_ - - - - - - - -- -
ians of a right
43 In given figure BN and CM 2are med 2 2
· angled at A. Prove that 4 (BN + CM ) = 5BC
B 3cm C C .

:~.
are true
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
natio n of
and Reason (R) is the correct expla
Assertion (A). (2020C) ®
true, but
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are M
the '
Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of side BC of a ti.ABC
: 44. The perpendicular from A on the
Assertion (A). . Prove that
(R) is false . 1 intersects BC at D, such that DB = 3CD
but Reason
(c) Assertion (A) is true,
2AB2 = 2Ac2 + acz.
rtion (A) is false but Reas on (R) is true. l
(d) Asse
(2023) '

ltJ.iM (1 marks)
12 metres i
40. Aman goes 5 metres due west and then ,
point?
due Nort h. How far is he from the starting C D B (2019C) (]J
(2021 C) CQj !

j
I 2 2 4 : 9, then
and tiPQR respectively and AB : PQ =
6.3 Similar ity of Triangles AM: PN=
(a) 3 : 2 (b) 16 : 81 (c) 4:9 (d) 2 : 3
M N (1 mark) (2022-23) @
In the ti.ABC, D and E are points on side
AB and AC
1. OR
respectively such that DE IIBC. If AE = 2 cm,
AD= 3 cm
of MBC
(2020·21) (KQ} MBC ~ tiPQR. If AM and PN are altitu des
and BD = 4.5 cm, then find CE. and tiPQR respectively and AB2 •. pq 2 = 4 · 9 then
.
AM: PN =
I

Mf!W m_ar_k~s)_ __ _ _ __ _ _ __
(4/5/ 6__
(a) 16:8 1 (b) 4 : 9 (c) 3 :2 (d) 2:3
side of a
2. Prove that if a line is drawn parallel to one (Term/, 2021·22) cr0
othe r two sides in disti nct
trian gle intersecting the
points, then the othe r two sides are divid ed in the 4. ~~t~~ 4ngure, if DE 11 BC, AD = 3 cm, BD = 4 cm and
- cm, then DE equals
same ratio.
through '.
Using the above theorem prove that a line
nals and parallel ·
the poin t of intersection of the diago
to the base of the trapezium divid
sides in the same ratio.

6.4 Criteria for Sim ilarity of Tria ngles

es the non parallel :
(2022-23) ®0 ·
(a) 7 cm
.~ ~t
(b) 6 cm 4 cm (c) (d) 3 cm ..
(Term/, 2021-22) lAp
IU,•I
3. MB C-t:. PQR. If AM and PN are altitudes
of MBC .
, s. M:~
M .
~ 1~~~:hat AB = 3 cm, BC = 2 cm, CA = 2.5 cm. _ If
nd EF = 4 cm, then perim eter of t.OEF 15
 Triangles
115
(a) 75 cm (b) 15 cm
(c) 22.5 cm (d) 30 cm I
. (Term I, 2021-22) ~ ~.. . . ! Translation or Slide
6. In the given figure, LACB = L COA, AC = B c '

;t)c
AD = 3 cm, then BO is n,, Hence, two shapes are Similar when one can
become the other after a resize, flip, slides or turn.
(i) A model of a boat is made on the sca le of 1 : 4.
The model is 120 cm long. The full size of the
boat has a width of 60 cm. What is the width of
the scale model?
A D B
~
(a) 22 26 (
-3 cm c) 55
(b) 64
- cm - cm (d) - cm
3 3 3
(Term/, 2021-22) ~
7. Sides AB and BE of a right triangle, right angled at
B are of lengths 16 cm and 8 cm respectively The ("'
__,~2.F-----,._\
,-;.;::-~
length of the side of largest square FOGS that c; n be
inscribed in the triangle ABE is . '....... 0

(a) 20 cm (b) 25 cm (c) 15 cm (d) 240 cm

16 cm Fr-_.__o (ii) What will effect the similarity of any two
polygons?
(a) They are flipped horizontally
(b) They are dilated by a scale factor
B G E (c) They are translated down
( ) (d) They are not the mirror image of one another
8cm
32 (iii) If two similar triangles have a scale factor of a : b.
16 8 4
(a) - cm (b) - cm (c) - cm (d) - cm Which statement regarding the two triangles is
3 3 3 3 true?
(Term/, 2021-22) ~ (a) The ratio of their perimeters is 3a: b
Case study-based questions are compulsory. Attempt (b) Their altitudes have a ratio a: b
any 4 sub parts. Each question carries 1 mark.
(c) Their medians have a ratio ~ : b
8. SCALE FACTOR AND SIMILARITY 2
Scale Factor (d) Their angle bisectors have a ratio a 2 : b 2
A scale drawing of an object is the same shape as the (iv) The shadow of a stick 5 m long is 2 m. At the
object but a different size. same time the shadow of a tree 12.Sm high is
The scale of a drawing is a comparison of the length ~/:;~
used on a drawing to the length it represents. The <l(Jt> Tree
t>v~
scale is written as a ratio.
Similar Figures
The ratio of two corresponding sides in similar figures
Stick
is called the scale factor.

~
Scale factor
= length in image
corresponding length in object Shadow Shadow

If one shape can become another using Resizing, (a) 3m (b) 3.5 m (c) 4.5 m (d) 5m
then the shapes are Similar. (v) Below you see a student's mathematical model
of a farmhouse roof with measurements. The

iI\tt~I
.Ji~
·-=+-M !· 1
Rotation of Turn
·l .!TI ,'•]· ·'
attic floor, ABCD in the model, is a square. The
beams that support the roof are the edges of a
i, . . . .. 11 1· 1I II J • :11 r ectangular prism, EFGHKLMN. Eis the middle of
. .. r:1 i1 I ;
Reflection or Flip .' :-:- \ AT, F is the middle of BT, G is the middle of CT
and H is the middle of DT. All the edges of th~
pyramid in the model have length of 12 m.
 116 lS.m CBSE Champion Mathematicsci
ass to
(a) 24 m (b) 3m
(d) 10 m (2020.21 )@_;
(c) 6m

Wffl■ (2 marks)
AD AC
9_ In the given figure below,
AE = BD and L'.l:: .:::i_
Show that t:.BAE ~ 6.CAD.
C

(2022-23) Ji
Afflil (3 marks)
10. The perimeters of two similar triangles are 25
cm and 15 cm respectively. If one side of the first
triangle is 9 cm, find the length of the corresponding
side of the second triangl e.
What is the length of EF, where EF is one of the (2020-21) ~ ·I:
horizo ntal edges of the block?

Detailed Ji•j(l)ir•J~~j
(b): In MBC, DE II BC
· Previous Years' CBSE Board Que~lons :, AD AE (By B.P. T.I
DB EC
1. All conce ntric circles are similar to each other.
3 2.7 [Given)
. ⇒
2. Two polygons having same number of sides and 2 EC
corres pondin g sides propor tional are not similar.
3EC= 2 x 2.7
3. (b) : Since, PQIIBC 5
AP AQ
- =-
[By Thales theorem] . ⇒ EC = / = 1·8 cm
PB QC : 7. Here in the given figure,
4 8 8x 6 ' GC II BO and GE II BF 11' D
-=- ⇒ QC= - =12cm : AC= 3 cm and CD= 7 cm
6 QC 4 3
By Basic Propo rtional ity theore m, A
G
9
4. (a) : Since, PQ 11 AC. : AC AE f
. weget - = - F
BQ BP CD EF
QC = AP AE 3 AF 7 AE+ EF 3+ 7
-- - ⇒ -= - ⇒ --- -
ff 7 AE 3 AE 3
[·: BP= 4 cm, AP = 2.4 cm and BQ == 5 cm)
AF 10
⇒ - =-
Sx 2.4 AE 3
⇒ QC = ~ = 3cm AE 3
BC =BQ+QC =5+3=Bcm AF 10

5_ (a): Suppose PQ II
AB 8. Given, Xis middle point of AC and XY 11 AB.
By Basic Propo rtiona lity theore m, we have We have to prove Y is middle point of BC.
In MBC, XY II AB
CP CQ ⇒ ~ =_x_
PA = QB 3x+ 19 3x+ 4 ex
- =-
CY [By B.P.T.] ...II)
XA YB
⇒ 3x2 + 19x = 3x2 + 9x + 4x + 12
But Xis the middle point of AC
⇒ 6x= 12 ⇒ x = 2 ⇒ CX = XA
So, tor x = 2, PQ 11 AB.
 117
Triangles

From (i) and (ii). we get C 1 . AD AE [Given)

-
Now.in MB C , - =EC
CY DB
1=-
YB DEI IBC
ality The orem ]
~ CY= YB (By Converse of Basic Pro por tion
rres pon ding angles]
y is mid dle poin t of BC Also, L D = L B and L E= L C
(Co ...(ii)
9. lnM BC ,DE IIBC A- --- --- ..: .a ⇒ AB =AC
A From (I) and (ii), we get L B = L C equal]
AD AE [By B.P.T.) (Sides opposite to equal angles are
DB = EC MB C is an isosceles trian gle.
2
3
tffi:z\irfllf)
trian gle in the same
B- -- -- -. .: . c :> If a line divides any two sides of a
3EC = 9 ⇒ EC= 3 cm third side .
~ ratio, then the line is parallel to the
Concept Applied
rem : If a line is drawn
15. In 6 SRB, PQ II RB
:, Basic proportionality theo ⇒ SP = SQ
[By B.P.T.] ... (i)
to intersect the othe r
parallel to one side of a triangle SB SR
othe r two sides are
two sides in dist inct points, the Also, in 6SPR, PR 11 QC
divided into the same ratio. [By B.P.T.] ...(ii)
SC SQ
⇒ - =-
10. In MB C, DE 11 BC SP SR
AD AE (By B.P.T.] Fro m (i) and (ii). we get,
:. DB= EC
X+3
SP =SC ⇒ SP2 = SB x SC
X SB SP
+3)(x+1)
⇒ x+1 =x +5 ⇒ x(x+S)=(x Hence proved.
⇒ x + Sx = x + 3x + x + 3 ⇒ x
2 =3
2 II BC, DE inte rsec ts AB at
16. Con side r MB C in whi ch DE
A
11. In LlABC, DE II BC D and AC at E.
AD AE [By B.P.T.] AD AE
To pro ve: - =-
DB EC DB EC
3 AC - EC (Given] Con stru ctio n : Join BE, CD and
⇒ -4 = EC · dra w ff .lAB , DG .lAC .
Pro of : Are a of tiEAD
3 14- EC
⇒ -=--
4 EC x AD x EF
= .!.x (basexheight) = .!.
2
⇒ 3EC = 56 - 4EC ⇒ 7EC = 56 ⇒ EC= 8 cm 2
1
AD x ff
12. In MBC, we hav e DE II AC So, area(tiEAD) =
2
[By B.P.T] ... (i)
⇒ -= -
BE BD
Again, area of 6£0 8 = .!. x (base
!
x heig ht) = x DB x ff
EC DA 2 2
In MBE, OF II AE = ½D B x ff
[By B.P.T] ...(ii) : So, area(tiEDB)
BF BO
⇒ - = - area (6EAD) AD ...(i)
FE DA BF BE area (tiEDB) DB
Fro m (i) and (ii), we hav e FE =.EC
• . I area(tiEAD) AE ...(ii)
Hen ce pro ved . S,mi 1ar y, area(6ECD) EC
13. In tiABC, PQ II BC are on the sam e base
[By B.P.T.] ... (i) Since, tria ngle s £DB and ECO
AQ AP l line s DE and BC.
- =- DE and bet wee n the same par alle ...(iii)
QB PC So, are a (6EDB) = area (6ECD)

lntiA CD , PR II CD ') (") d (" ') . h

Fro m (1 , 11 an 111 , we ave
DB = AE
AD EC
[By B.P.T.] ...(ii)
:::) AR AP
-=-
DR PC 17.
AQ AR QB DR
Fro m (i) and (ii), QB = DR ⇒ AQ = AR
Hen ce pro ved .
...(i)
14. Giv en AD = AE and L D= L E DL - - - - - -- c
' DB EC
i s an isoscele s tria ngl e.
W e hav e to pro ve tha t t.ABC
 lSm CBSE Champion MathematicsClasslO
118 [Proved above!
. LACD == L.BAD [By AA similarity!
. MDC ~ t.BDA
Fi_rstjoin AC to intersect ff at G.
(') . . . CD 2 BDCD
G1venABIIDCandEFIIAB ... I . ~=- ~ AD = .
'I ⇒ EF II DC
BD AD
[ ·: Lines parallel to same line are parallel to each other.]
Now in MDC, we have
(·: EFIIDC) ;
Concept Applied ~
EGIIDC re complementary to each other, if the
:> Two angIeS a
... (ii) :
⇒ : = ~~ (By 8. P. T.) sum of both angles is 900.
~
A
~

p
Similarly in tiCAB, we have 2 2. (b): In t.RSTa
nd t.RPQ, • V
[Comm on] •'
CG = CF (B B.P.T.) LR= L R !
AG BF y [Given] .,, 1
L RTS = LRQP = 47°
AG BF ...(iii) . [By AA similarity]
⇒ - =- tiRST - t.RPQ
GC FC
From (ii) and (iii), we get ST_ RT ⇒ ~=-c - ⇒ x=~
PQ - RQ a c+b b+c
AE BF
ED FC 23. (a) Given, AZ= 3cm, ZC= 2 cm, BM= 3cm and MC=S
Hence proved. , cm
18. (b): Given, MBC ~tiQPR lnMBC ,XZ II BC
5_6 ⇒ x - Sx 3_ 2 _5 AX = A y = AZ (Thales theore m) ...(il
AB_B C _ AC
x 3 6 AB AM AC
QP PR QR
⇒ x= 2.5cm
i Now, AC= AZ+ ZC = 3 + 2 = 5 cm
19. (d ): : BC= BM+ MC= 3 + 5 = 8 cm and
I
A p
I In MXY and MBM
31° LAXY = LABM (Corresponding angles are equal, as XZ.11 BO
LXA Y = L BAM (Common)
,I 69° MXY - MBM (By AA simila rity criteri on)
C Q R AX XY AY ...(ii)
j B -=-=-
AB BM AM
Given, LA = 31 °, L R = 69° and MBC ~ tiPQR
(Corre spond ing sides of similar triangles.)
I I LP= LA= 31°
L Q == 180° - (31 ° + 69°)
,
[By angle sum property] !! From ('i) and("11,we
) t XY AZ
ge - = -
⇒ L Q=80° ; BM AC

I I Concept Applied
:> The sum of interior angles of a triangle is 180°.
j
:⇒
j ⇒
XY
3=5
3

3x3 9
XY= = =1.8c m
20. (c) : Let AB be the pole and PQ be the tower. 5 5
Let height of tower be h m. i 24. Given, PQIIBC
Now, MBC - t.PQR =9 cm and AC =7 5 cm
i P~ = 3 cm, BC
AB BC P ' Since, PQ II BC ·

~ ;. ~ow,0~~p
-=-

+~ f =QLABC
PQ QR (Corre spond ing angles are equal)
hm in and MBC Ul'1
19 57 I )
⇒ - =- I LAPQ = LABC (Corre spond ing ang es
, · LA= LA
(~o~~~;~
h 51
I 19 x 51
B
-+- 57 rn--.. C Q-+- 51 rn--. R : MPQ - MBC (AA s1rn1 a
⇒ h= Pole Tower AP _ AQ p
I/
57 ---= _g
AB AC BC
⇒ h= 17m
2 1. (c) : We have, AQ _ 3 AQ 1
AC-9 ~ -7.S = -3 ~ AQ=
75 = 2.5 cm
LABC + LACB == 90° [Given) ... (i) 3
In t.BDA. LABO+ L BAD = 90° ... (ii) 25 In MBC and 60£F
·

I From (i) and (ii), we get. LACB = L BAD

In MDC and t..BDA
[By angle sum property)
~ == ~ - 60 4 BC 4
EF 4.S - 45 =3, DE =3
:::) L.B = L E
MBC - 6 FED [By SAS simila rity criterion!
LADC =L BDA =90°
 119
Triangles
nd ~P~ R in whic h AD and PM are To prove : MDC - 6PSR
26. We have MBC _a
medi ans corre spon ding to sides BC and QR respecf 1ve1y
AB BC AD Proo f : CA = AB
[·: MBC - 6 PQR)
RP PQ
such that PQ =QR = PM
1 CA 2AD (Since D and RS are med ians)

~~
AB 2 BC AD RP 2PS
~ PQ = ~ QR = PM Now, In MDC and 6PSR
2 CA AD
AB BO AD B D C Q M R RP PS
(·: MBC - 6 PQR)
~ PQ = QM= PM and LA = L P
(By SAS simil arity crite rion)
Using SSS simi larity, we have
MDC - 6PSR
MBD - 6 PQM
Hence proved.
Thei r corre spon ding angles are equal. (ii) We have proved in part (i) MDC - 6
PSR
~ LABO= L PQM => LABC = L PQR AD DC AC
- =- = -
Now, in MBC and 6PQR, AB = BC ... (i) PS SR PR
Also, LABC = L PQR PQ QR ...(ii)
⇒ AC = PR => AD x PR = AC x PS
From (i) and (ii), AD PS
M.BC -6PQR. [By SAS simil arity ] Hence prov ed.
CM:fflfflNf) 29. We have, 6BEA :6CDA
AB= AC and AE = AD
[By C.P.C.T.]
g the
:> A median of a trian gle is a line segment joinin AB AC ...(i)
vertex and the mid poin t of the oppo site side. ⇒ - =-
AD AE
Thus , in 60EA and 6 BCA, we have
cula r to AC.
27. Given : PA, QB and RC are each perp endi AB AC [Fro m (i))
1 1 1
To prov e : - +- =- AD AE
x y z [Com mon ]
L BAC =LDAE
In 6 PAC and 6QBC, 6DE A-6B CA [By SAS simi larity crite rion]
BQIIAP
L CPA = L CQB (Cor resp onding angles) C3·1tB4WiM@■(®1
e.
and L PCA = L QCB (Com mon angles) :> Congruent triangles have the same size and shap
t,.PAC - t,.QBC (By AA simi larity Crite rion)
AP CA PC BQ CB ' 30. In MOE and MBC
⇒ - =-=- ⇒ -=- [Give n]
BQ CB QC AP CA ' LADE = LABC
[Com mon ]
z CB ...(i) · and L DAE = L BAC
=> - =- MD E-M BC [By AA simi larity crite rion]
x CA
Now in MCR and MBQ , ·: BQIICR AD AE DE
-=-=-
LARC = LAQ B (Cor resp ondi ng angles) AB AC BC
and L RAC = L QAB (Com mon ) Now AD = DE
MC R-M BQ 'AB BC
AC CR AR AD DE 7.6 DE
-=-=- 7.6 +4.2 8.4
AB BQ AQ AD+BD BC
BQ AB
-= -
⇒ DE 7.6 x 8.4 = 63.84 =S.4cm
CR AC 11.8 11.8
girl's heig ht
z AB ... (ii) 31. Let AB be the lamp post and CD be the
-=- of the girl.
⇒
y AC and DE= x be the leng th of the shad ow
A
Addi ng (i) and (ii), we get
z z CB AB
-+-=-+-
x y CA AC Sm
z z AC 1 1 1
z z CB+AB
-+- = - -- ⇒ -+- = - =1 ⇒ - +-= -
==> x y AC x y z
x y AC B D X E
Hence prov ed.
and PQR . CD Here, CD = 100 cm = 1m, AB = Sm
28. (i) Give n : Two simi lar trian gles are ABC Spee d of girl= 1.9 mis
and RS are med ians of LlABC and t,.PQR.
I'

l ~ CBSE Champion Mathematicsci

~ ass10 r~oril
120 • "BC and t.DBC are on the same ba
34 We have, lY' t se 8(
w e know that, Distance= Speed x T'1me · BC an d AD intersects
fter 4 . Also, a .LOBC.
and OF ·
: . Distance of the girl from the lamp poS t a Let us draw Af .L BC
seconds, BD = 1. 9 x 4 = 7.6 m · In t>,AOE and t.DOF.
In MBE and tiCDE h 0] LAEO = L DFO = 900
L B= L D [Eac 90 - OF ·-1\
LAEB = LCED (Common] Also, LAO£ - L D
MBE ~ tiCDE [By AA similarity criterion]
[Vertically Opposite An~i!j
BE AB
- =-
DE CD
BD+DE AB [·: Bf=BD+Df]
⇒ --=-
DE CD
7.6 +x 5 Jc:..__ _ _ _ _ _ _..D
⇒ - -= - B
X 1
⇒ 7.6 +x = Sx ⇒ 4x = 7.6 ⇒ x = 1.9 From (i) and (ii), we get
Length of shadow of girl after 4 seconds is MOE - t.DOF [By M similarity]
1.9 metres. Their corresponding sides are proportionar.
32. In MBC and MMP AE AO
LABC = LAMP [Each 900] ⇒ DF = DO ...(iii) Ir
L BAC= L PAM (Common] . Now ar(t.ABC) = !sc xAE
MBC ~ MMP [By AA similarity criterion] ' 2
CA = BC (Corresponding sides of similar ti's ; And ar(tiDBC) = !sc xDF
PA MP are proportional] 2
⇒ CA x MP=PA x BC ! Bc x AE
ar(MBC) 2 AE
33. Given, in t.PQR, N is a point on PR, such that QN.LPR ~ - - = ...(iv]
and PN · NR = QN2 ar(tiDBC) ·1 BC x DF DF
To prove : L PQR = 90° 2
2
Proof : We have, PN · NR = QN ; From (iii) and (iv), we have
==> PN · NR=QN·QN ar(t.ABC) . AO
PN QN ar(t:.DBC)' DO.
⇒ - =-
QN NR
PN QN I Hence Proved.
In t.QNP and t.RNQ, QN = NR :I

i 35. Given, MBC is an isosceles triangle with AB = AC

. .. LABC = LACB ~ LABO= L ECF ...(ij
: Now, in MBD and tiECF
· LADB = LEFC · [Each 90°]
, LABD= L ECF [Using(i)l
By AA similarity criterion, MBD- 6ECF.
Q" - - - - - - -->R 36. In MBC, BC= 12 cm, A
and L QNP = L RNQ [each equal to 90° ] EH=DG= 6cm,
t.QNP- t.RNQ [by SAS similarity criterion] BC= 12cm
Then, t.QNP and t.RNQ are equiangulars.
i.e., LPQN = L QRN ... (i) => BF ==FC = 12 = 6cm
and L RQN = L QPN ...(ii) 2
Adding (i) and (ii), we get and AF= 24 cm, DE= GH
L PQN + L RQN = L QRN + L QPN Now, in MFC and 6EHC
⇒ L PQR = L QRN + L QPN ... ("')
Ill
We know that, sum of angles of a triangle is 180°
LAFC = L EHC [Each 900]
In tlPQR, L PQR + L QPR + L QRP = 180° LACF = LECH [Common]
⇒ L PQR + L QPN + L QRN = 180° By AA similarity criterion
f·:
L QPR = L QPN and L QRP = L QRN] MFC~tiEHC '
⇒ L PQR + L PQR = 180° [using (iii)]
⇒ 2 L PQR = 180° AF = FC => 24 _ 6 6x 6
EH He 6 - HC ::) HC = = 1.Scm
180°
⇒ L PQR =-2- =900 :. L PQR = 900 Now, FH = FC - HC -
24
GH = 2 - (6 - 1.5) cm = 4.5 cm
>< FH = 2 x 4 5 _
Hence proved. • - 9 cm
Area of recta I 2
ng e OEHG = HE x GH = 6 x 9 = 54 cm
Triangles 121

37. Let AB and CD be two poles D ' 40. Let Aman starts from A poin t
of height p and q met res and continues 5 m towa rds wes t and
respectively and poles are 'a' . reached at 8 point. from whic
h he
8
metres apar t i.e., AC = a metr es. q
, goes 12 m towa rds Nort h reached at
Let AD and BC meet at 'O' such p C poin t finally.
that OL = h metres In MBC , w e have
C-- --+ -~ A
l AC2 = AB 2 +·sc2
Let CL = x and LA = y ~X~ y➔
a-➔
(By Pythagoras theorem)
x+y =a 2 2 2
AC = 5 + 12
In MBC and MO C, w e have 2
AC = 25 + 144 = 169
LCAB = L CLO [Each 90°)
LC= L C [Common] ⇒ AC = 13 m
point.
[By AA simi larit y crite rion ] So, Aman is 13 m away from his start ing
MB C-M OC
· 41. A
CA AB
CL OL
a p ha ...(i)
⇒ -= - X=-
⇒
X h p

In MLO and MC D, we have D C

LALO=LACD [Each 90°) In MBC , L B = 90°

LA = LA [Common] 2
AB2 + BC = AC
2 (By Pyth agor as theo ram)
[By AA simi larit y crite rion ] 2 = AC2 - BC2 ... (i)
ML O-M CD · ⇒ AB
Similarly by pythagoras theoram, In MBD
,
AL _ OL ⇒ !'._ = !!_ ⇒ y = ah ... (ii) 2 = AB 2 + 8D 2
a q q AD
AC- DC 2 2 ... (ii)
. ⇒ AB2 = AD - 8D 2 AD2 - 8D2
2
[Fro m (i) and (ii)) · From eqn (i) and (ii), we get AC - BC = ... (ii i)
Now ,x+ y= ah(¼+¼) 2 2 2 2
⇒ AC = AD - 8D + BC
⇒ x+y =ah (p +q) ⇒ a=a h(p+ q) ⇒ h=_l!i_ metr es.
p+q As Dis the mid poin t of BC,
=

pq pq
BD = CDo r CD = .!.Bc [ ·: Dis midp oint of BC]
e, the heig ht of the poin t of inter sect ion of the lines 2
Henc
of the oppo site pole . AC2 = AD2 - co2 + sc2
joini ng the top of each pole to the foot
2 [·: BC= 2CD]
is _1!9._ met res.
i AC2 = A02 - CO + (2CD)2
2 2
p+q ! ⇒ AC2 = A0 + 3CD
38. In MO C and tiBEC A Hence proved.
LADC =LBEC
[Eac h 90°] 42. Let we have a rhom bus ABCD.
[Com mon ] ·: · Diagonal of a rhom bus bise
ct each other at righ t
E
LACD= L BCE
angles.
MD C - tiBEC
]
[By AA simi larit y crite rion B D C ; : . OA = OCa ndO B = OD
. Also, LAOB = L BOC [Eac h = 90°]
In MO B and ME B [Each 90°] · and L COD = L DOA [Eac
h = 90°]
LAD B=L AEB · In MO B , we have B
L BAD =t=LEAB 2 2 ...(i)
AB 2 = OA + 08
MO B is not simi lar to MEB . (By Pyth agor as theo rem)

Again, in MO B and MD C Sim ilarly in L'lBOC, we have

2 2 2 ...(ii)
L BAD:f: L DAC [Each 90°] BC = 08 + OC
LADB = LAD C lnllC OD,
... (iii)
MO B is not simi lar to MD C
2
A . co2 = oc2 +002
2
2
39. (d) : In tiABC, AC = AB + BC : In righ t MO D
2 2 ...(iv)
2 I OA 2 = 0D +0A
⇒ AC2 = 22 + 3 2

2
On addi ng (i}, (ii), (iii) and (iv), w e get
⇒ AC = 4+ 9
C
2
AB2 + BC + CO + DA
2 2
2 2
2 + 08 21+ (08 2 + OC2 ] + [OC + 0D 1+ [0 D + OA l
8 3 2 2
⇒ AC= fil cm = [OA
~13 ) cm = ( 5 + ✓13) cm whic h is = 2 [OA 2 + 2
+
2
os oc
+ 00 1
2
So, peri met er is (2 + 3 + ✓ l .J 2
2 2
OA 2 = OC and 08 = 0D
irrat iona l.
is true .
Hence, Asse rtion in f alse but Reason
 122 m, E CBSE ChJmµion Math ematics ci
ass It
= AB~ + BC: + CD: + DA: = 2[20 A: + 208
:-)

= 2[2l½Ac Y+ 2(½ so YJ[·.- o is mid µoint of AC ;:ind BD]

1 In ~BC . we 11.we OE II BC
Ac~
so1 ] A
= 2[ - + - = AC:: + BD: AD AE [By B.P.T.) (1/2)
2 2 BD = CE
Thu s. sum of the squares of the side
s of a rhom bus is equal 3 2
to the sum of the squares of its diag
onals. = 4.5 = CE
43 In .lABC. BN and CM are medians and
To prov e : 4(BN 2 + CM2) = ssc2
LA = 90° = CE== 3cm (1/2 )
s-- 4-- .._
In .lABC. -A= 90° (
2. Conside r MB C in whic h DE II BC. DE intersects As -
BC2 = A8 2 + AC2 D and AC at E. ~
... (i)
(By Pyth ago ras theorem) AD AE
In ..KAM. LA= 90° To prov e : - = -
DB EC
CM 2 = AC2 + AM 2 Con stru ction : Join BE. CD and
= CM2 =(½As y +AC 2 [·: Mis midp oint of AB)
draw ff .l AB, DG .l AC.
Are aof 6 EAD
(1/2)

=CM 2 =~AB2 +AC 2

4 ...(ii) = ! x (base x heig ht) = ! x AD x ff
Now in o BAN. LA= 90° 2 2
BN 2 = AN 2 + AB 2 So. area(6EAD) = -1 AD x EF

r
(By Pythagoras theorem)
2
= 2
BN =(½ AC +AB
2
(·: N is midp oint of AC) Again, area of t.EDB =! x (base x height)
2
= BN 2 =~A C 2 + AB 2
4 ...(iii)
= ! X DB X EF
2 lll
Add (ii) and (iii). we get
So. area(t.EDB) = .! DB x EF
2
CM + BN = 2
~ AC 2 +~ AB 2 + AB 2 + AC 2
area(6 EAD)
2
4 4 AD
= 4(C M 2 + BN 2) = 5 (AC2 + AB 2) = SBC2
(Using (i))
area(aEDB) DB ...(i)
Hen ce prov ed.
. . I area(6EAD)
44. We have, MB C such that AD.lBC.
S1m11 ary, - -- -= -AE
area(6ECD) ...(ii) (1)
MB C inte rsec t BC EC
at D such that BO= 3CD.
Since. trian gles EDB and ECD
In righ t MOB, by Pythagoras theo are on the same base
rem , we have DE and betw een the sam e para llel lines
AB 2 = A0 2 + 802 So, area (6 £08 ) = area (6ECD)
Of and BC
...(i) ...(iii)
Sim ilarl y in MCD, we have AC 2 = AD 2 (1/2)
+ CO 2 ... ("11 ) From (i). (ii) and (iii), we have AD =
1
Sub trac ting (ii) from (i), we get AE (1/2)
AB 2 - A~2 = 80 2 - CO 2 Usin g abo ve theo rem : DB EC
...(iii) lnM DB
Now, BC = DB+ CD = 4 CD
[·: BO= 3CD) Since EO 11 AB
co=4!sc Usin g Basic Pro port iona lity theo rem
AE BO
BO = BC - CO = BC _!BC =~ BC ... (i) (1/2)
4 4
Sub stitu ting the valu e of BO and Int.B OC E~
CD in eqn.(iii) we get
Since OF II CD
~ c
AB
2
-Ac =[¾BcJ2 -[¼scJ2
2
Usin g Basic Pro port iona lity theo rem
BO BF
0

⇒
DO = FC ...(ii) (1/2 )
2
AB - AC = BC
2 2
[(¾ J2-(¼r] Com pari ng (i) and (ii), w e get
AE BF
=Bc [(¾+¾X¾ -¾)] =Bc [11i(~ )]=~Bc
2 2 2 DE = FC (1/2)
Hen ce proved.
⇒ 2AB 2 _ 2AC2 == BC2 or 2AB 2 = 2AC2 + BC2
= ~ ⇒ AB
2
Hence prov ed. 3. (d) :Giv en. AB 2
2
PQ 9 PQ 3
 Triangles
123

8. (i) (c) : Given scale factor = ¼and width of full size of

boat = 60 cm.
1 Width of scale model
4 60
6.ABC -t:.PQR ⇒ Width of sca le model = 15 cm. (1)
AB BC AC AM (i i) (d) : They are not the mirror image of one another. (1)
PQ = QR = PR = PN
(iii) (b) : Their altitudes have a ratio a: b. (1)
AB AM 2 (iv) (d) : Since the two triangles are similar so t he ratio of
⇒ PQ = PN =3 (1) their correspond ing sides are equa l.

4. (b): Since, DE 11 BC ⇒ MBC ~ MOE Height of tree Height of stick

(By AA similarity criterion) Shadow of tree Shadow of stick

AD DE 3 DE 12.5 5
So - = - ⇒ - = - ⇒ DE = 6cm (1) ' ⇒ - - - - -= -
' AB BC 7 14 Shadow of tree 2
5. (b) : ·: MBC ~ fl DEF 12.5 x 2
⇒ Shadow of tree = - - =5 m (1)
Perimeter of MBC BC 5
- - - -- - = - (v) (c) : Since Eis the middle point of AT and F is the middle
. · Perimeter of t:.DEF EF
point of BT.
3 +2 + 2.5 2 12
⇒ Perimeter of t:.DEF 4 So ET = AT = 12 = 6 m and FT = BT = =6 m
' 2 2 2 2
⇒ Perimeter of flDEF = 15 cm (1) Now, flETF ~ MTB [By SAS si milar ity crit erion]
6. (c) : In MCD and MBC, we have ET = FT = EF ⇒ EF = 6m
⇒ (1)
LA = LA (Common) AT BT AB
L.CDA = L BCA (Given) 9. lnMBD,
MCD ~ MBC (By AA similarity) L 1= L 2
AC AD BD=AB ...(i)
:. AB = AC . AD AC
Given - = -
8 3 64 ' AE BO
⇒ -=- ⇒ AB= - cm Using equation (i). we get
AB 8 3
64 55 AD AC
So BO =AB - AD = - 3= cm (1) -=- ...(ii) (1)
' 3 3 AE AB
In fl BAE and 6CAD, by equation (ii) ,
7. (b): MBE is a right triangle and FDGB is a square of ·
AC AD
side x cm (say). A
In MFD and t,.DGE,
AB AE
LA= LA (common)
L F= L G (Each 90°)
t,.BAE ~ 6 CAD [By SAS similarity criterion] (1)
LADF=LDEG
10. Given one side of first triangle is 9 cm .
(Corresponding angles) 16 cm F ~---1--..........,D
Let the length of the correspond ing side of the second
MFD ~ t,.DGE triangle be x c m. (1)
(By AA similarity) Now, r atio of perimeter
AF FD B G E Peri meter of first triangle 9
- =- = =- (1/ 2)
DG GE Perimeter of second triangle x
8cm
16- x X
[·: In similar triangles, the perimeter of the triangle will be
⇒ - - =- -
X 8-X in the ratio of their corresponding sides.]
128 - 24x + x 2 = x2 25 9
(1/2)
- =-
16 (1) 15 X
⇒ 128 = 24x ⇒ x = - cm
3 ⇒ x = 5.4cm (1)