UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS (UDHR)

Introduction:
1. The UDHR is an international document with 30 articles detailing fundamental human rights.
2. It laid the groundwork for the International Bill of Human Rights, established in 1966 and accepted
in 1976.
3. While not legally binding, the UDHR has been integrated into legal systems worldwide.
4. It is referenced in national laws, regional human rights agreements, and international treaties.
5. After World War II ended in 1945, 51 countries formed the United Nations in October to prevent
global disasters, such as refugee crises and nuclear bombings.
6. Eleanor Roosevelt advocated for creating the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).
7. In April 1946, Eleanor Roosevelt became the Chairperson of the UN Commission on Human Rights
and drafted the UDHR.
8. Her experiences during World War I and World War II shaped her belief in global peace and human
rights.
9. The UN General Assembly adopted the UDHR on December 10, 1948.
10. December 10 is now celebrated as International Human Rights Day or World Human Rights Day.

ARTICLE 1: Right to Equality:

All people are born free and equal. They have the ability to think and know what is right and wrong.
Everyone should treat each other like brothers and sisters.

ARTICLE 2: Freedom from discrimination

• Everyone has the rights and freedoms in this Declaration.

• These rights apply no matter their race, color, sex, language, religion, or political views.
• They also apply regardless of where they are from or their social status.
• It doesn't matter what type of government their country has; these rights are for everyone.

ARTICLE 3: Right to Life, Liberty, Personal Security:

Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.

ARTICLE 4: Freedom from slavery

No one should be held in slavery or forced to work against their will; slavery and the slave trade are banned
in all forms.

ARTICLE 5: Freedom from Torture and Degrading Treatment

No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

ARTICLE 6: Right to Recognition as a Person before the Law

Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.

ARTICLE 7: -Equality before the law

Everyone is equal under the law and deserves the same protection without discrimination. They are also
protected against any unfair treatment and actions that encourage discrimination and violates this
declaration.

ARTICLE 8: Remedy by Tribunal

Everyone has the right to seek justice through their country's courts if their fundamental rights, as granted
by the constitution or laws, are violated.

ARTICLE 9: Freedom from Arbitrary Arrest

No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.

ARTICLE 10: Fair Public Hearing

Everyone has the right to a fair and public hearing by an independent and unbiased tribunal when
determining their rights, obligations, or any criminal charges against them.

ARTICLE 11: Innocent until Proven Guilty

1. Everyone accused of a crime has the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty in a fair
and public trial. They must have all the necessary guarantees for their defense.
2. No one can be found guilty of a crime for an act that was not considered a crime under national
or international law at the time it was committed. Also, no one should receive a punishment
greater than what was applicable when the crime was committed.

ARTICLE 12: Privacy

No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home, nor should their honor
and reputation be attacked. Everyone has the right to legal protection against such interference or attacks.

ARTICLE 13:

(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each State.

(2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.

ARTICLE 14:

1. Everyone has the right to seek asylum in other countries to escape persecution.
2. This right doesn't apply if someone is prosecuted for non-political crimes or acts against the
principles of the United Nations.

ARTICLE 15:

1. Everyone has the right to belong to a nationality.

2. No one should lose their nationality or be denied the right to change it arbitrarily.

ARTICLE 16:
 1. Men and women of full age have the right to marry and start a family, without any limitations
based on race, nationality, or religion. They have equal rights during marriage and at its end.
2. Marriage should only happen with the full and free consent of both the husband and the wife.
3. The family is the basic unit of society and deserves protection from both society and the
government.

ARTICLE17:

(1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in partnership with others.

(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.

ARTICLE 18: Everyone has the right to freedom of thought and religion. This includes the freedom to
change one's religion or beliefs, and to practice and express those beliefs openly, whether alone or with
others, in public or in private.

ARTICLE 19: Freedom of opinion and expression

Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression. This means they can hold opinions freely,
seek, receive, and share information and ideas using any form of communication, regardless of borders.

ARTICLE 20: Right to assemble

(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.

(2) No one may be stopped to belong to an association.

ARTICLE 21: Right to democracy

1. Everyone has the right to participate in their country's government directly or through freely
chosen representatives.
2. Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in their country.
3. Government authority comes from the people's will, expressed through regular, fair elections
where everyone can vote equally and privately.

ARTICLE 22: Right to social security

Everyone in society has the right to social security. They should have access to economic, social, and
cultural rights that are essential for their dignity and personal development.

ARTICLE 23: Right to work

1. Everyone has the right to work, freely choose their job, fair working conditions, and protection
from unemployment.
2. Everyone has the right to equal pay for equal work without discrimination.
3. Everyone who works has the right to fair pay that supports a dignified life for themselves and their
family, with additional social support if necessary.
4. Everyone has the right to form and join trade unions to protect their interests.
ARTICLE 24: Right to rest and holiday

Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable work hours and paid vacations.

ARTICLE 25:Rights to adequate standard of living

1. Everyone has the right to a standard of living that ensures their health and well-being, including
food, clothing, housing, medical care, and social services. They also have the right to security in
case of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age, or other circumstances beyond
their control.
2. Motherhood and childhood deserve special care and support. All children, regardless of their
parents' marital status, should receive equal social protection.

ARTICLE 26: Right to education

1. Everyone has the right to education, starting with free and compulsory elementary education.
Technical and professional training should be widely available.
2. Education should aim to develop the full potential of individuals and promote respect for human
rights.
3. Parents have the first choice in deciding their children's education.

ARTICLE 27: Right to culture, artistic and scientific life

1. Everyone has the right to freely participate in their community's cultural life, enjoy the arts, and
benefit from scientific progress.
2. Everyone has the right to have their moral and material interests protected from any scientific,
literary, or artistic work they create.

ARTICLE 28: Right to a free and fair world

Everyone deserves a social and international system where the rights and freedoms outlined in this
Declaration can be fully achieved.

ARTICLE 29: Duty to Your Community:

1. Everyone has duties to their community for their personal development.

2. Rights and freedoms come with responsibilities under the law, ensuring respect for others and
meeting moral and societal needs.
3. These rights and freedoms must always align with the United Nations' principles.

ARTICLE 30: Rights are Inalienable

No part of this Declaration can be interpreted as granting any State, group, or individual the right to engage
in activities or actions aimed at destroying any of the rights and freedoms outlined here.