PROBLEM SET 3 Language Variation and in Contact

PROBLEM SET 3: Language Variation and in Contact
EL 112: Language, Culture, and Society
Names: Lustre, Nadine; Reid, James; Pressman, Ysa
I. Where did it come from? Identify the origin of the following loanwords in English. (10 points)
1. karma - ____________________________ 6. cockatoo - _________________________
2. swastika - __________________________ 7. kangaroo - _________________________
3. kumquat - __________________________ 8. mutton - ___________________________
4. pajamas - __________________________ 9. canoe - ___________________________
5. croissant - __________________________ 10. torso - ____________________________
II. Calquing: Calquing is linguistic phenomenon where a word or phrase from one language is translated
directly into another language, maintaining the same structure but using native elements. Can you name some
calquing in the Philippines? List three calquing in any Philippine languages (Tagalog, Iloco, etc.), write their
meaning, and used it in a sentence. (15 points)
1. Calque:
Meaning:
Sentence
2. Calque:
Meaning:
Sentence
3. Calque:
Meaning:
Sentence
III. Decode the Text! Following Rebus Principle, decode the following text messages. (10 points)
1. Gr8: ______________________________________________________________________________
2. I’m L8, C U @ 10:
____________________________________________________________________
3. B4: _______________________________________________________________________________
4. Gr8 2 C U!:
_________________________________________________________________________
5. 2morrow is a BZ day: ________________________________________________________________
6. 2day: _____________________________________________________________________________
7. C U L8R: __________________________________________________________________________
8. 4ever:
_____________________________________________________________________________
9. B4 U go, call me pls:
__________________________________________________________________
10. I’ll B there 4 U: ______________________________________________________________________
IV. Ideogram or Logogram? Identify whether the character is used as an ideogram or a logogram. (10 points)
1. @ ____________________ 6. ☮ ____________________
2. ♻ ____________________ 7. & _____________________
3. ⚠ ____________________ 8. ♂ _____________________
4. $ ______________________ 9. © _____________________
5. % _____________________ 10. 🔁 ____________________
V. Written or Spoken Language? In contemporary usage, written language is not simply spoken language
written down. There are many differences between the way we create written texts and the way we have
conversations. Based on the corpus research of Biber et al. (1999), they described that a number of “lexical
boundaries,” that is, sequences of four or more words that regularly occur together, some in speech and others
in writing.
1. Considering the data set below, reorganize the lexical bundles into two groups: one containing
expression that are typical of informal spoken English and the other containing expressions more
typical of written English in an educational setting. (14 points)
as a result of… in the case of… that’s a good idea…

do you want me to… it has nothing to do with… the fact that the…
have a look at… it has ben suggested that… there’s a lot of…
I don’t know what… it is possible to… what’s the matter with…
I think I have… on the other hand…
Informal Spoken English Academic Written English
2. More generally, which version do you think has more nouns, more verbs, more, adjectives or more
pronouns? (4 points)
More Nouns More Verbs More Adjectives More Pronouns
3. Why do you think this pattern exists? (5 points)

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
VI. Know your X! Consider the following sentences and try to decide in which cases “X” is a symbol with a
function, but without meaning, or one with an identifiable general meaning, or one with a very specific
meaning? Can any of the used be considered logographic? (22 points)
1. The twenty-fourth letter of the English alphabet is X.

Answer:
Meaning:
2. On the map was a large X and the words “You are here.”
Answer:
Meaning:
3. Most of the older men were illiterate at that time and put X where their signature was required.
Answer:
Meaning:
4. Indicate your choice by putting X next to only one of the following options.
Answer:
Meaning:
5. He wrote X − Y = 6 on the blackboard.

Answer:
Meaning:
6. The teacher put X beside one of my sentences and I don’t know why.
Answer:
Meaning:
7. We can’t take the children with us to see that film because it’s rated X.
Answer:
Meaning:
8. The witness known as Ms. X testified that she had heard several gunshots.
Answer:
Meaning:
9. Aren’t there two X chromosomes in the cells of females?

Answer:
Meaning:
10. At the bottom of the letter, after her signature, she put X three times.
Answer:
Meaning:
11. In the XXth century, Britain’s collapsing empire brought new immigrants.
Answer:
Meaning:

PROBLEM SET 3 Language Variation and in Contact

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PROBLEM SET 3: Language Variation and in Contact

EL 112: Language, Culture, and Society

Names: Lustre, Nadine; Reid, James; Pressman, Ysa

as a result of… in the case of… that’s a good idea…

Informal Spoken English Academic Written English

3. Why do you think this pattern exists? (5 points)

1. The twenty-fourth letter of the English alphabet is X.

5. He wrote X − Y = 6 on the blackboard.

9. Aren’t there two X chromosomes in the cells of females?

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